On September 1, 1939, World War II broke out. This war was primarily a war in which all of humanity united against fascism. In many people's minds, the fascist countries are only three Axis powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan. None of the other countries are fascist countries. But in fact, there were really only three Axis powers, but they still had a lot of partners. In general, the fascist forces of World War II were still very strong, in addition to the 3 Axis powers, there were 3 partner countries, 6 client states and 15 puppet regimes.
In fact, the situation in World War II was very different from what we thought it would be. Although the Axis powers brought great disasters to the world during the war, there were still many countries that supported the Axis powers. The reason why these countries supported the Axis countries was mainly related to their national interests. In their view, there were great benefits to be gained by working with the Axis powers. Because of this, the Axis powers had partners, client states, and puppet regimes. The most obvious is South America. Many countries in South America have a favorable opinion of the Axis powers, and the reasons for this are more complicated.
Of course, the countries that had better relations with the Axis powers were mainly related to two countries, Germany and Japan. The cooperating countries, client states, and puppet regimes in this group basically cooperated with Germany and Japan. As for Italy, although it was one of the Axis powers and the founder of the modern fascist regime, it was not very powerful, so it had little influence. Let us now look at the general situation of the Axis powers and their client, partner, and puppet regimes.
First of all, let's look at the members of the Axis powers, as mentioned above, there are only three in total, Germany, Italy, and Japan. On September 27, 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Treaty of the Triple Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan, and the Axis powers were formally established. The reason why they are called the Axis countries is because they think that the three regions of Berlin, Rome, and Tokyo are one axis, and the whole earth revolves around them. I don't know what they think, these three places are not in the same straight line at all, there can be no axis.
Germany。Germany was the most powerful of the Axis powers. In 1934, Hitler became the head of Germany, and Germany embarked on the road of fascism. Germany then began to expand its armaments, and by the beginning of World War II, Germany had occupied Austria and Czechoslovakia, among other areas. After the start of World War II, the German team was the most combat-ready in the Axis powers. After the formation of the Allies, the main goal in the early stage was to attack Germany. It was only after Germany's surrender that the Allies turned their energies to attacking Japan in Asia.
Italy。Italy was the first country to establish a fascist system. In 1922, Mussolini became Italy's prime minister and controlled the whole of Italy. The system established by Hitler later was basically learned from Italy Xi However, Italy was not very strong, and the people were not good at war, so it had little presence during World War II. Of course, Italy's greatest contribution in World War II was to become an ally of Germany and successfully drag Germany down. In 1943, Italy surrendered, and Mussolini himself was arrested. It has to be said that as an Axis power, Italy is indeed not as mixed as the other two countries.
Japan。Japan is significantly different from the above two countries because of the peculiar process by which its fascist system was established. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan gradually embarked on the path of militarism, and the military basically controlled the power of the country. By the 30s of the last century, Japan had completely become a fascist country. However, no matter who is in power in this country, the emperor is supreme, and the emperor has more influence than anyone else. It is for this reason that many people believe that the emperor was one of the main culprits of World War II. As a member of the Axis powers, Japan occupied many countries and regions in Asia, causing heavy harm to the people of Asia. In addition to these, Japan was the last country to surrender in World War II.
After looking at the core state of fascism, the Axis countries, and then look at the client states of fascist countries. The reason why they are called client states is that they still have their own regimes, but they are largely subordinate to the fascist states. The Axis powers had a total of 6 client states, all of which were located in Europe, and they were all client states of Germany.
Hungary。After the end of World War I, Horthy took control of Hungary and ruled in Hungary. Many of the policies pursued by Horthy in Hungary were similar to those of the fascist state. Because of this, after Hitler came to power, he and Hitler became very close. After the surrender of France, Hungary saw the strength of Germany, and in November 1940 they joined the Axis powers and became German client states. However, in 1944, Horthy felt that German defeat was inevitable and was ready to withdraw from the Axis powers. However, his actions were discovered by the Germans, who were later taken hostage to Germany. Germany also supported a puppet regime in Hungary. But in general, Hungary was only a German client state for four years, and after 1944 it was forced.
Romania。Romania's emergence as an Axis vassal state was largely due to its geographical location. After the outbreak of World War II, both the Soviet Union and Germany had a great deal of influence in Romania. However, many people in Romania themselves prefer Germany. Later, due to the king's **, the military united to overthrow the king and installed the king's son Mihai I as king. The assuming of King Mihai I also marked the complete fall of Romania to Germany. Like Hungary, in 1944 Romania felt that Germany was on the verge of defeat and was ready to withdraw from the Axis powers. Mihai I was lucky, he not only managed to withdraw from the Axis camp, but also joined the allies and was recognized by the allies. Romania also served as a German client state for a total of four years.
Slovakia。The Slovak regime is said to be a client state, but in fact it is similar to a puppet regime. Because after the end of the First World War, Slovakia was not a country, only Czechoslovakia. After Germany occupied Czechoslovakia before World War II, two regimes were formed in this place, one of which was Slovakia. Slovakia was a German client state until the fall of Germany.
Bulgaria。Bulgaria joined the Axis powers in 1941. At that time, almost the entire Balkan Peninsula had joined the Axis powers, and Germany had already swept across Europe. It was not easy for Bulgaria to hold out until 1941. In 1944, Bulgaria withdrew from the Axis camp. However, shortly after Bulgaria withdrew from the Axis camp, the Soviet Union occupied the Balkans.
Yugoslavia。Yugoslavia joined the Axis powers on March 25, 1941. Interestingly, Yugoslavia withdrew two days later. This is so because Yugoslavia could not get what it wanted here. You know, the situation in the Balkans has always been complicated. Soon after, however, Germany invaded Yugoslavia, and all of Yugoslavia was later occupied by Germany.
Croatia。Croatia was part of Yugoslavia, and Croatia was one of the countries that Germany dismembered after the occupation of Yugoslavia. The newly formed Croatian regime was completely a puppet of Germany. This regime was a client state of Germany from its inception until its demise.
Except for six client states. Let's take another look at the three Axis partners. The three partners are still very interesting, although they all fall to the Axis, they are not controlled by the Axis. Not only that, but they all got out later, and the ending was better than the other.
Spain。Spain was very special in World War II, this country established a fascist regime in 1939, exactly like Germany, Italy, and Japan. However, the country never joined the Axis powers. Under Franco's leadership, they were only partially cooperating with Germany, and their relationship was not particularly close. Even at the height of Germany, they did not join the German camp. At the end of World War II, Spain turned to the Allies. After the war, the country also received support from the United States, and its economy grew rapidly. It is rare that the fascist regime in Spain was not overthrown until 1975.
Finland。At the outbreak of World War II, Finland was initially independent. However, due to territorial reasons, the Soviet Union invaded Finland and the Soviet-Finnish War broke out. Due to the great disparity in strength, Finland performed very well in the Soviet-Finnish war, but it still ended in defeat. After the defeat of Finland, it lost its territory and other rights. Finland then turned to Germany and wanted to unite with Germany to regain its territory. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, Finland attacked Finland and recaptured the territory occupied by the Soviet Union. However, Finland did not continue to attack the Soviet Union, and remained largely neutral. Moreover, at the end of World War II, Finland also disassociated itself from Germany, so it was not punished after the war.
Thailand。In 1941, Japan occupied Thailand. After that, Thailand turned to Japan, and after the Pearl Harbor incident, Thailand even declared war on Britain and the United States. However, the day after Japan announced its surrender, Thailand declared that its declaration of war on Britain and the United States was invalid, and it also joined the allies. I didn't expect the allies to approve of it, which is still very interesting.
Finally, look at the puppet regimes of the Axis powers. This is easy to understand, and it was completely established with the support of the Axis powers. There were 13 Axis puppet regimes, all of which were established by Germany and Japan.
Puppet Manchukuo。This is well known to everyone, and it was established in 1932 with the support of Japan. Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, served as the emperor of the puppet state of Manchukuo. However, Pu Yi was a puppet from beginning to end and had no rights.
Mongolia and Xinjiang United Autonomy**。It was founded in 1939 by the Japanese with the support of the upper-class reactionaries in Inner Mongolia. All the top positions in this regime are basically controlled by the Japanese.
Wang Puppet National**。This is familiar to everyone, and it was established in 1940 with the support of the Japanese. The Japanese used this regime to confront the Chongqing people. These three puppet regimes are independent of each other, and it can be seen that the Japanese were in ** China at that time.
Autonomy of the Eastern Hebei Defense Communist Party**。This regime was established in 1935, before the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance. At that time, the Japanese continued to infiltrate North China, and many people turned to Japan. The main leaders of this regime are Yin Rugeng and others.
Free India Temporary**。If you look at the name, you know that it is related to the Japanese. After the occupation of Burma, Japan began to infiltrate India and established a puppet regime in India. However, this regime had a bad impact from the beginning to the end, and it did not take long for it to fall.
State of Myanmar。The state of Burma was the regime of Burma from 1943 to 1945. The main leader of this regime is Bamo. Bamo is still more interesting, originally the prime minister of British Burma. After the Japanese occupied Burma, he continued to serve as the head of Burma. This was a clear betrayal of the British army, but not a betrayal of Burma.
Second Republic of the Philippines。After Pearl Harbor, Japan attacked and occupied the Philippines. In 1943, with the support of the Japanese, Lowell established a puppet regime in the Philippines. After Japan's surrender, this regime perished.
Vietnam。In 1883, Vietnam became a French colony. After the surrender of France, Japanese forces entered Vietnam and took control of Vietnam, which had been under French control. In this way, the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam became a puppet regime supported by Japan.
Cambodia。Cambodia, like Vietnam, was previously a French colony and later occupied by Japan. After the end of World War II, Cambodia was occupied by France.
Laos。The situation in Laos is the same as the above two, after all, the former French colonies in Indochina have later become Japanese spheres of influence.
Serbia。After the German occupation of Yugoslavia, many puppet regimes were established in Yugoslavia, and Serbia was one of them.
Montenegro。Montenegro, like Serbia, was previously part of Yugoslavia and later formed under the auspices of Germany.
Italian Social Republic。This regime is interesting, it appeared after the surrender of Italy. After the surrender of Italy, Mussolini was imprisoned by Italy. Later, Hitler sent men to rescue Mussolini. and established the puppet regime of the Italian Social Republic in northern Italy. As the founder of fascism, Mussolini's fate is indeed embarrassing.
Vichy France。This regime is familiar to everyone. After the surrender of France, Germany occupied northern France. The former ** of France moved to the small town of Vichy and thus became Vichy France. In 1944, after the Normandy landings, Vichy France gradually collapsed.
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia。This regime was part of the former Czechoslovakia. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia was divided into two, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was one of them.
This is the fascist forces in World War II, it seems that there are a lot of them. But in fact, the main ones were the three Axis powers, and the other countries were mainly dependent on these three countries.