The common sense judgment of the line test is a compulsory question type of the public test, and in general, the questions are not difficult, but the content involved is more extensive. Today I would like to introduce to you a historical test point - "Wang Anshi's Reform".
During the Northern Song Dynasty, "one post with multiple officials" was implemented, and the bureaucracy was large and bloated, and redundant officialsIn the military, the "policy of raising troops" is practiced, and there are many soldiers, but the good and the bad are uneven, and the troops are redundantThere are many officials and soldiers, and the rulers are building a lot of buildings, and the financial expenditure has soared all the way, and it is redundant. At the same time as the emergence of the internal redundant crisis, the intrusion of foreign enemies also brought a burden to the Northern Song Dynasty, and the war consumed a lot of manpower, material and financial resources for many years, but there were few victories and many defeats.
Song Shenzong had an understanding of Wang Anshi's theory of reform and reform before he ascended the throne, and after his accession to the throne, the situation of the three redundant crises and internal and external troubles in the Great Song Dynasty made him question the "law of the ancestors". In February of the second year of Xining (1069), Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi as the governor of the government.
The main content of Wang Anshi's reform law can be divided into two categories, the first type of law for rich countries mainly includes: green seedling law, conscription law, square land tax law, farmland water conservancy law, city change law, and equal loss law. Qingmiao Law: When the green and yellow are not accepted, the government gives loans to the people for grain;Conscription Law: The government hires people to undertake the errand service, and the households who do not want to serve the errand service pay a certain amount of money according to the level of wealth and poverty, which is called exemption money, and the bureaucratic landlords are no exception;Fang Tianjun said: Measure and liquidate the land of the whole country, and divide the land into five classes according to good and bad to collect taxes;Farmland Water Conservancy Law: Encourage the reclamation of wasteland and the construction of water conservancy facilities;Market Law: Set up the market easy service, pay to buy when the goods are unsalable, and sell when the market is in shortage;Equal loss method: set up a shipping envoy, in accordance with the "migration of expensive and cheap, with near and far" unified acquisition and transportation. Greatly increase fiscal revenue. The second category of the law of strengthening the army mainly includes: the law of armor protection, the art of war, and the law of ordnance supervision. Baojia Law: The households will be compiled, ten households for one guarantee, and more than two households will draw one for the Baoding, and the farmers will receive training in a centralized manner during the slack time;The Art of War: The garrison is divided into a number of units, and each unit has a general and an adjutant general who is responsible for training. Ordnance Supervision Law: Supervise the manufacture of weapons, prevent cutting corners in manufacturing, and improve quality. Greatly increase the combat effectiveness of the army.
At the same time, it is necessary to rectify Taixue, reform the imperial examination, and employ people based on talent. Under the drastic reforms, the country has been enriched and the army has been strengthened. However, the reform touches the interests of the conservatives, and the dispute between the old and new parties over the reform is intensifying, and the new law will inevitably have some imperfections and the implementation of grassroots policies will lead to the failure of the reform.
Exam Exercises] (Single Choice) The following variations correspond to the event correctly.
a.Qin Mugong: Shang Ying's reform.
b.Ming Taizu: Zhang Juzheng reformed.
c.Song Shenzong: Wang Anshi changed the law.
d.Emperor Kangxi: Wuxu Change.
Analysis] The answer is C. Item A is wrong, the Shang Dynasty reform occurred during the period of Qin Xiaogong. Item B is wrong, Zhang Juzheng's change occurred during the Mingshenzong period. Item C is correct, Wang Anshi's reform occurred during the Song Dynasty Shenzong. Item D is wrong, the Wuxu Reform Law occurred during the period of Emperor Guangxu. Therefore, the answer to this question is C.
For this part of the knowledge points, most of the focus is on the period and content of the change, so students need to learn to understand the specific content of each change, so as to better complete the question.