The first lesson of the new year
The summer solstice has not arrived, and the sound of the music is sparse, which has been passed down through the ages, and the people and pianos have the same sound. About 3,000 years ago, from the Western Weekend to the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the qin began to truly break away from the temple wizards and became a romantic instrument for literati to write poems and songs. Since then, the gentleman's seat must be written on the left and right, and there is a saying that "the scholar does not withdraw the qin for no reason". The literati and the qin have jointly written the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, and they have also run through the chapters of art history in the past dynasties.
Literati and the qin in the pre-Qin period
As early as the pre-Qin period, the qin has become an important tool for string songs in the hands of literati, and the representative figures include Confucius, Yan Hui, Zhuangzi, Qu Yuan, Song Yu, etc. Whether Confucius was lecturing at Xingtan or trapped in Chen Cai, the sound of playing the piano and singing was endless. The history books say that he deleted 300 poems, "all of which are string songs". Confucius was interested in art, although he learned the piano, but he did not devote all his energy;I also play the piano, but I don't make a career out of it, I just use the piano as a tool for self-cultivation. This is different from his teacher, the professional pianist Shi Xiangzi. For the literati, "knowing its sound" is secondary, and "getting its meaning" is more important.
The literati qin of the Han and Han dynasties
During the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the literati qin was dominant. However, all accomplished poets and writers, such as Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty, Huan Tan, Liang Hong, Liu Xiang, Ma Rong, Cai Yong, Cai Yan, etc. in the Eastern Han Dynasty, are almost all masters of playing the piano. In them, the aesthetic pursuit of the literati to nourish the soul and respect the ancient and elegant has been unprecedentedly emphasized.
The literati qin of the Wei and Jin dynasties
This situation had a new development during the Wei and Jin dynasties, and many literati and pianists with distinctive personalities appeared, who used the qin to entertain, entertain, send and enjoy. For example, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang among the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, as well as Sun Deng, Zhang Han, Liu Kun, Wang Ziyou, Tao Yuanming, Dai Andao, etc., are all literati and pianists. Among them, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang can best represent the "Wei and Jin demeanor".
The literati qin of the Sui and Tang dynasties
In the Sui and Tang dynasties, Qin has always been an inseparable companion among those literati with higher literacy. Li Bai's "Listening to Shu Monk Playing the Piano", Han Yu's "Listening to Yingshi Playing the Piano", Chang Jian's "Listening to Zhang Shanren Playing the Piano", Bai Juyi's "Listening to the Ancient Lushui", Jia Dao's "Listening to Leshan and Playing the Piano" and a large number of qin poems are the most beautiful portrayals. The most representative figure should be Bai Juyi.
The literati qin of the Song Dynasty
At the beginning of the founding of the Song Dynasty, the country attached great importance to the rule of culture, gave preferential treatment to the virtuous and handsome in the world, and had a strong literary atmosphere. Thanks to the advocacy of Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and others, the literati piano combined the ideas and aesthetics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and was further promoted and developed.
The literati qin of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
The emperors of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties also never tired of the qin music, and regarded the qin as a way to cultivate temperament, so as to add a moment of elegance, and spiritually connected with the concept of the literati qin. Zhang Zong of the Jin Dynasty loved the qin very much, and even buried the Tang Qin Chunlei used in his life with the tomb. At the beginning of the founding of the country, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, ordered to summon Mao Minzhong, a pianist from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. His prime minister, Yelu Chucai, admired Su Shi's "Theory of the Qin" very much, and regarded the qin as his mentor and friend, and wrote more than 80 poems in his life. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties admired the guqin, and the wind was more prosperous.
Literati and the qin in ancient paintings
Su Dongpoyun: "To a piano, a pot of wine, a stream of clouds", touching the qin**, chanting poems and paintings, climbing high and traveling, and singing about wine, has always been a vivid portrayal of the life of literati and doctors, and these scenes have repeatedly appeared in the paintings of the past dynasties. In addition to the scribes, the image of the emperor or the lady also appears in the picture, although it cannot be called "literati" in the strict sense, but at the moment when they are accompanied by the qin book and steal half a day of leisure, they use the qin as a send, express their hearts, soothe their souls, and communicate with the literati, so they are also temporarily listed. "Guangling San" is extinct today, and the literati and the piano will still accompany each other for a long time.
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