According to the European satellite transmitted to the network **,The position of the Fujian aircraft carrierThere have been changes, 6 tugboats have been deployed around, and it seems that sea trials are about to begin.
The sea trial of the Fujian ship is close at hand].
Like other aircraft carriers, the Fujian ship was launched at the timeNo ignition is required, and no keys are requiredSo how exactly did this sea behemoth move step by step?
The principle of aircraft carrier start-up is actually very simple, that isBoil water to produce steam, which then drives the ship to sailThis is essentially the same way some of the early big ships were launched.
For example, the famousTitanic,Its power** is equipped with it159 coal furnacesIn the case of driving at normal speeds660 tons of coal need to be burned every dayCoal shovelers need to throw fuel into the boiler 24 hours a day to ensure the stability of the water vapor of the power unit, commonly known as "boiling water".
The Titanic had 4 large chimneys
In the early days, large ships generally used coal, but the efficiency of combustion was generally not high, and a huge boiler needed to be installed inside to have enough powerSqueezed out the available space for ships
Don't look at the current aircraft carriers are taller, but they still need to boil water, but the fuel used is different.
The traditional coal combustion efficiency is not high, and it is required for a voyageCarry a lot of fuel,LaterBurn heavy oil instead.
The main components of heavy oil are:Hydrocarbons, which is equivalent to the "essence" extracted on the basis of gasoline and diesel, hasHigh combustion efficiency, full thermal reaction, etcPeculiarity.
At the same time heavy oil resourcesThe reserves in the natural environment are also large, with about 860 billion tons in the world.
As with coal burning, the heat generated by the combustion of heavy oil is transferred to the boiler, which produces a large amount of water vapor, which is transferred to the power engine and propeller through the power unit.
Of course, not all aircraft carriers are propelled by steam, there is another one in the worldAircraft carriers propelled by integrated power systems.
For example, the British Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier, which is equipped with two 36-megawatt MT30 gas turbines, as well as 11-megawatt 16V38B diesel units and four advanced induction electric motors, can effectively convert energy into electric propulsion.
Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier].
StillThe technical difficulty of such aircraft carriers is high,There is not much difference from the traditional aircraft carrier equipped with steam turbines, and even the early starting method is similarValue for money is often not very high.
In addition to conventionally powered aircraft carriers, there are also those that we relishNuclear-powered aircraft carrier, so how does it start?At present, nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are not much different from conventional steam turbine carriers in terms of power system operation.
The latter boils water with heavy oil, while the former boils water with a nuclear reactor.
For example, the American aircraft carrier USS Ford adoptedA1B nuclear reactor, which relies on the heat generated by nuclear fission to burn the boiler and drive the propeller with a steam turbine.
A1B nuclear reactor
From the perspective of technological development, our country already hasIt uses conventional power to drive an aircraft carrier of more than 80,000 tonsIn the future, the development of 100,000-ton aircraft carrier technology is just around the corner, why do more people think that nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are the destination?
Compared with conventionally powered aircraft carriers, nuclear power has three advantages.
The first point,Nuclear-powered aircraft carriers have a high start-up efficiency, be able to respond quickly to emergencies and make quick countermeasures.
This is because nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are uranium, and the heat generated by the fission reaction is extremely large, which can quickly warm up the furnace and thus activate the entire aircraft carrier.
Conventional power is not fast, in the early start-up, no matter how high the combustion efficiency of heavy oil is, the upper limit of the heat it can produce still cannot catch up with the fission reaction.
The second point, nuclear-powered aircraft carriersIt can last forever, "Life" may only need to add fuel twice, and be able to run all the oceans.
The reason for this lies in the fact that the raw material for nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, that isUranium element,Only a very small amount of raw materials can meet the ultra-long range of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.
U.S. nuclear-powered aircraft carriers generally add about 4 tons of uranium with a purity of 40 to the power compartment, which can be guaranteed at least500,000 nautical milesof the voyage,It's been almost 25 yearsYes, there is no problem.
Such aircraft carriers haveExtremely strong ocean-going combat capability,It acts as a moving piece of land, providing a good platform for the owner to strike.
WhileConventionally powered aircraft carriers often need to carry large amounts of fuel every time they go to seaIt is often hundreds or thousands of tons, and the larger the conventional aircraft carrier, the more fuel it needs to carry.
Take our countryLiaoning ship with a displacement of more than 60,000 tonsthat it can be carriedAround 6000 to 8000 tonsAccording to the fuel consumption ratio, about 50 tons of fuel will be consumed for every 100 kilometers traveled.
Therefore, the range of activities of the Liaoning ship generally does not exceed the "first island chain", yesIt does not have the capability of ocean-going operationsTarget.
From this point of view, the fuel cost of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is actually lower than that of a conventionally powered aircraft carrier.
At the same time, nuclear-powered aircraft carrier powerThe output power will be higher, which can not only generate the power to drive the aircraft carrier forward, but also supply the required power to the whole ship.
Take the USS Ford aircraft carrier as an example, for which the power of the A1B reactor is obviously somewhat rich, so American researchers equipped it with it13500 volt transmission and distribution systemPower supply up to200,000 kilowatts, and stillDrive the electromagnetic ejection device.
Since there are so many advantages of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, are conventionally powered aircraft carriers really so unbearable?
Not necessarily, after allThere are two sides to everythingNuclear-powered aircraft carriers are technically difficult, especially large aircraft carriers like the United StatesThe development of a reactor is no less difficult than the construction of an aircraft carrier.
Technology is one thing, and later maintenance is another, you must know that even if the current human nuclear reaction technology is so advanced, it cannot 100 guarantee the stability of the reactor.
This is equivalent to the crew of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrierA moving nuclear bomb。Of course, uranium at only 40 concentrations is not as powerful as a nuclear bomb, but the radiation leaked is still deadly.
For a lot of countries,There is no need to chase global hegemony, conventionally powered aircraft carriers are actually enough,So we also have to put nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and conventional aircraft carriers in perspective.
References:
1] China ** Net: "Chinese: Is the Most Expensive Aircraft Carrier in History Flawless?".Interpreting the combat performance of the USS Ford
2] Wang Ziwu and Xu Tao: "World Aircraft Carrier Overview".