The Edo period was the last feudal era in Japan, and it was also the most prosperous and stable period of the old Japanese era.
During these 260 years, the Tokugawa shogunate created a period of relative peace for Japan by adopting a policy of seclusion. During this time, the Tokugawa shogunate focused on developing a small-scale peasant economy, pursuing stability and enthusiasm for production.
1. The original intention of Xintian development countermeasures.
In order to solve the problem of rapid population growth and large food demand, the Tokugawa shogunate proposed a new land development policy.
Initially, the goal of this policy was to alleviate population pressure by slightly expanding the area of the existing paddy fields.
However, due to historical reasons, including the influence of the manor system and financial difficulties, the development of Xintian once faced many difficulties.
2. The dilemma and reform of Xintian development.
The development of new fields has led to food surpluses and problems of land ownership.
In response to this situation, the Tokugawa shogunate had to make adjustments, introducing clerical permission and shogunate supervision, and encouraging local daimyo to participate in the development along with farmers and wealthy merchants.
Although the policy brought about changes in land ownership relations, it also gave land and hope to farmers and businessmen at the bottom of society.
3. From "omnipotence" to "Honda-centrism".
In order to stabilize finances and society, the Tokugawa shogunate gradually restricted the development of Shinta and allowed them to participate in political decision-making by raising the status of farmers and merchants.
This change brought about a prosperous economy, but it also led to the dissolution of the shogunate system.
The implementation of the Nitta Development Policy not only achieved long-term economic benefits, but also laid the foundation for Japan's modern development and humanistic thinking.