First, the method.
1) Classification and investigation according to variety, sowing date and growth to determine the types of control: when rust begins to appear, focus on varieties with weak disease resistance, wheat fields with good growth and wheat with early sowing date. Generally, stripe rust is checked after wheat returns to green, leaf rust is checked from booting to heading stage, and straw rust is checked before and after heading, each 1-2 times. According to the severity of the occurrence of the three kinds of rust, the type of control is determined.
2) Check the diseased leaves and diseased stalks, and determine the target fields for prevention and control: in the disease season, check 4 points for each field, check 50 plants at each point, check a total of 200 plants, and record the rate of diseased leaves and diseased stalks. From wheat jointing to heading stage, stripe rust has an incidence center per mu;Before and after heading, the rate of wheat leaf rust was more than 10%;When wheat enters the flowering stage to the grain filling stage, the stalk rust disease rate is more than 1%;Prevention and control should be carried out immediately.
2. Prevention and control measures.
1) Choose resistant and disease-resistant varieties: disease-resistant varieties have immunity and are generally not susceptible to disease or have very mild susceptibility;Disease-tolerant varieties are those that are moderately susceptible but have low yield losses. In recent years, the breeding department has launched some stripe rust resistant varieties, which can be planted according to local conditionsIn areas where rust occurs heavily, early-maturing varieties can be selected to avoid the susceptibility period and reduce the onset of the disease.
2) Strengthen field management: apply foot fertilizer, pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and prevent wheat plants from being greedy for green and late maturing;In the rainy season, pay attention to ditching and draining to reduce the temperature in the field;In the northern irrigated land, when rust occurs, it is necessary to increase the number of irrigation times appropriately, compensate for plant water loss, prevent wheat seedlings from drying up, and reduce yield loss.
3) Early prevention: In areas where rust occurs widely and the overwintering rate of pathogens is high, powder rust should be used before sowing, and the active ingredient is 0 by seed weight3% seed dressing, that is, 15 grams of wheat seeds or 125% Teprazole wettable powder 60 80 g mixed with wheat seeds 50 kg. Before winter and wheat back to green jointing stage for general survey, if there is a small number of disease centers in the autumn seedling stage, spray 25% powder rust 2000 times;The spraying area is centered on the diseased plant and expands 3 times to the surrounding area.
4) Pesticide control: in early spring and epidemic stage, the general rate of diseased leaves in wheat jointing or booting stage is 2% 4%, and when the severity reaches 1%, start spraying 20% cyanene hexaconazole suspension, or 40% mycloconazole water dispersible granules, or 20% ** ketone emulsifiable concentrate or 121000-2000 times of 5% Teprazole (enazole, Supoli) wettable powder, 2000 times of 25% dilideoxol (propiconazole) emulsifiable concentrate, so as to achieve the combination of general treatment and pick-to-treatment.
5) Soil pesticide control: garlic water. Ingredients: garlic head, water. Preparation: Peel and mash 1 kg of garlic, add 2 kg of water, soak for half an hour and filter the residue. When using, the liquid made is added with water 20 times, and the amount per mu is 40 50 kg of foliar spray. It should be used immediately after preparation. Urushi (cat's eye) water. Ingredients: urushi roots, stems, leaves, water. Preparation: 50 kg of lacquer, 300 kg of water, soak for 3 4 days, filter residue and extract liquid. 50 kg of foliar spray per mu when used. And be careful not to let the liquid into the eyes. (3) Neem sap. Ingredients: neem bark, fruits, leaves, water. Preparation: Chop the leaves and add 2-3 times of water, soak for 6 hours, remove the slag to make the original solution, and add 8 kg of water per kilogram;Or add water to the bark and fruit of neem 6 times, boil for 2 hours, use 25 30 kg of water per kilogram of stock solution, and spray 50 60 kg per mu.