With the popularity of "Awakening Era", the deeds of Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian have become more well-known.
In the Longhua Martyrs Cemetery in Shanghai, there is an endless stream of people who come to pay their respects before and after the Qingming Festival.
Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian are the two sons of the revolutionary martyr Chen Duxiu and are also members of the Young Revolutionary Party. They were killed by the enemy in 1927 and 1928 respectively and died of illness in Shanghai.
Stills from The Age of Awakening.
But their story doesn't end there. When they are subjected to **, their families are not spared.
One of the most noteworthy is Chen Qiaonian's daughter Chen Hong, who didn't know who her biological parents were until 1994. As for why he hasn't seen his relatives for 66 years, what is the reason for Chen Hong's fate of running around since he was born?
The upbringing of the two brothers.
Chen Yannian, the eldest son of Chen Duxiu, was born in Huaining, Anhui Province in 1898. Chen Qiaonian is the second son of Chen Duxiu, born in 1902.
The Chen family has always attached great importance to the education of their children, and Chen Duxiu also attaches great importance to the education of their children. Although he was born in troubled times, and Chen Duxiu himself was always running around, he still did not forget to educate the two brothers and cultivate their firm character, so the brothers themselves have had a very difficult life since they were children.
Of course, all this has to do with Chen Duxiu himself.
Chen Duxiu. Because Chen Duxiu ran for the revolution all the year round and was often hunted down, the two brothers did not live a peaceful life since they were born. They have been on the run. The two brothers were raised by their grandmother until their grandmother died. Chen Duxiu did not return to attend the funeral.
At that time, Chen Duxiu was on the cusp. He was afraid that going back would cause trouble for his family, so he had to do it. But this made the two brothers very dissatisfied, although they knew it in their hearts, they couldn't get over it.
When the brothers grew up, Chen Duxiu did not let them live a comfortable life. He insisted that the brothers would not be allowed to go home, but that they should learn to be independent, to work, and to endure hardship.
The two brothers had to work and study on their own, and were often reduced to eating flatbread, drinking tap water, and having no cotton clothes in winter and ragged clothes in summer. However, they have a tenacious character. Despite the harsh living conditions, the brothers persisted in learning new ideas and French.
*From the web.
On December 25, 1919, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian got the opportunity to go to France for work-study through their own efforts and boarded the French cruise ship "Andrebang".
In Paris, the brothers embraced new and advanced ideas and systematically studied Marxist theory.
However, this learning path has not been smooth. Soon, the students who went to study in France were **, and the two were in trouble again.
Later, they went through the "February 28" movement. In the conflict between the work-study students and the Franco-Chinese Education Association, the two also met a group of like-minded revolutionary friends, including Cai Hesen, Zhao Shiyan, Wang Ruofei and others.
*From the web.
At that time, there were many students studying in France, and there were people in France and China who joined forces with ** students. But the brothers continued to complete their studies and achieved excellent results.
In the process, their minds also changed. They began to believe in Marxism from their previous a**ism ideology, and eventually embarked on the same path as their father.
When they were in France, they set up Chinese book and newspaper offices on the streets, ** socialist and communist books and periodicals, and actively propagated socialist ideas. Thanks to their excellent work, the two brothers joined the French Communist Party in 1922.
New Youth Magazine.
In 1923, the CCP decided to send Chen Yannian, Chen Qiaonian, Zhao Shiyan, Wang Ruofei and others to Moscow to study. This was a very good learning opportunity for the two brothers, as the conditions in Moscow were compared to the brothers' previous environment. Much better.
The two further deepened their studies in Moscow. During this period, Chen Qiaonian also participated in the translation of "The Internationale". Together with Qu Qiubai, Li Dazhao and others, he became one of the first people in China to translate the Internationale. Later, "The Internationale" was published in "New Youth".
In the autumn of 1924, Chen Yannian took the lead in returning to China and served as secretary of the Guangdong Regional Committee of the Communist Party of China, director of the Organization Department in Guangzhou, and director of the Propaganda Committee.
Chen Qiaonian continued his studies according to the organizational arrangement. It was not until the beginning of 1925 that he returned to Beijing and served as the head of the organization department of the Beijing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Both soon became members of the Chinese Communist Party. In June 1925, Chen Yannian, Deng Zhongxia, Su Zhaozheng and others led a general strike in the province and Hong Kong. This incident shocked China and the rest of the world, and also inspired the Chinese people, because it had brought a heavy blow to imperialism. With this blow, the revolutionary situation also began to develop in a favorable direction. The two men became increasingly important in the party, and the revolution went well.
But that's when the change happened. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek staged a coup d'état on April 12. Previously, the two brothers had made great efforts to cooperate with the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but at the moment everything came to naught.
Soon, Chen Yannian, Chen Qiaonian, Zhao Shiyan and others entered the list of those who were hunted down.
When Chen Yannian was worried that there was a problem with the materials left behind, he came back to deal with it, but was discovered by the enemy. After a desperate struggle, he still couldn't escape. On July 2, Zhao Shiyan, who evacuated first, was unlucky.
April 12 coup d'état.
Since Han Buxian really couldn't stand the torture of the enemy, he finally confessed the true identities of several people. However, due to the stubbornness of Zhao Shiyan and Chen Yannian, they finally angered the enemy, and finally executed them on July 4. Chen Yannian, who was unwilling to kneel, was hacked to death by the enemy.
Their mother was overwhelmed with grief and fainted. Although Chen Duxiu was very sad at this time, she was also at a critical juncture, and she couldn't stand up at all. In the end, Chen Yuying and her younger brother Chen Songnian dealt with Chen Yannian's funeral together.
But when the siblings went to the prison gate to ask for Chen Yannian's body, the prison refused to hand over the body, no matter how much they pleaded.
Stills from The Age of Awakening.
As soon as this incident came out, it shocked the whole country, especially Chen Duxiu's family. Chen Duxiu strengthened his determination to fight Chiang Kai-shek to the end. After Chen Qiaonian learned that his brother had been killed, he was even more grief-stricken and fell ill. But the struggle continued, and Chen Qiaonian was not depressed because of this, but strengthened his determination to fight the enemy to the end.
* Decided to transfer Chen Qiaonian to Shanghai to be with Chen Duxiu.
Unfortunately, the good times didn't last long. In 1928, Chen Qiaonian** was imprisoned in the Shanghai Detention Center.
**Attaches great importance to this matter and prepares to rescue Chen Qiaonian. At that time, he thought that the enemy didn't know what Chen Qiaonian looked like, so he decided to find someone to replace Chen Qiaonian. However, for such a life-threatening thing, it is very difficult to find people.
At this time, a man named Zhou Zhichu stood up and prepared to die for Chen Qiaonian. He was also a revolutionary who fought tenaciously and would rather die than surrender.
Just when everyone thought they saw a glimmer of hope, Zhou Zhichu's family couldn't stand it anymore. His father bribed Qian Dajun with a lot of money to save his son. This completely exposed Chen Qiaonian's identity, and all plans failed.
On June 6, 1928, Chen Qiaonian and others were executed in Shanghai. According to recollections, Chen Qiaonian shouted "Long live the Communist Party of China!" before he died”
In this way, the two brothers died in 1927 and 1928, respectively. After Chen's death, Chen Songnian asked the authorities for the body, but was still refused. Their bodies were thrown into the Huangpu River. The second sister, Chen Yuying, got it. Upon learning of this, he suddenly fell ill and hemorrhaged profusely, and eventually died at the age of 28.
Next, let's talk about Chen Qiaonian's descendants. Chen Yannian never married, leaving no children or grandchildren.
Chen Qiaonian has a wife named Shi Jingyi. Before Chen Qiaonian** was imprisoned, they actually had a son. However, Shi Jingyi was busy rescuing Chen Qiaonian at that time and neglected to take care of the children. Eventually, she became weak. The child died.
Then just when she thought she would never have another child with Chen Qiaonian, she suddenly found out that she was pregnant. This was also a comfort to Shi Jingyi at the time, but she was more worried about what she would do if the child was born. After all, since the death of the two brothers, the enemy has not relaxed the pursuit and ** of his family.
In the end, after discussing with ***, it was decided that Shi Jingyi would foster the child in Shanghai Freemasonry, while she went abroad to avoid the limelight. In this way, Shi Jingyi named the child Chen Hong after giving birth to the child. However, it didn't take long for them to get along, and she sent her infant child to Freemasonry. Unexpectedly, this farewell is forever.
Later, Shi Jingyi went to Moscow to study and met her second husband, but later he also died on the front line.
Shi Jingyi then returned to Chongqing and began to live alone. When she came back, she originally wanted to pick up her daughter.
At that time, Chen Hong was adopted by a Miao family of Freemasonry. However, due to the pressure of life, the child was sent to the family surnamed Chen again, but his whereabouts were never found.
Before Shi Jingyi died, she asked her brother-in-law Yang Xianru to help find Chen Hong, so they never gave up looking for their family.
After Chen Hong was adopted by the Miao family, he also changed his name to Miao Yu, and later was adopted by the Chen family. He also lived a hard life since he was a child. When he was less than 10 years old, he went to work as a day laborer in a landlord's house and was often abused.
Later, in order to support his family, Chen Hong also joined the New Fourth Army. After learning the truth about his origins, he also devotes himself to finding his biological parents.
Later, the Fujian New Fourth Army found that Miao Yu was very similar to the story of Chen Qiaonian's widowed daughter told in an article.
So he hurriedly found Yang Xianru. When he saw Miao Yu's **, he insisted that she was Chen Hong, because she looked like Chen Duxiu. However, Yang Xianru was too old to see her during her lifetime. After arriving in Miao Yu, it was the child born to Shi Jingyi and her second husband, and she later found Chen Hong.
When they saw Chen Hong for the first time, they decided that this person must be Chen Hong, because he was very similar to Shi Jingyi in both his appearance and walking posture.
This year is already 1994, Chen Hong is 66 years old at this time, and this is the first time she has seen her family in the real sense. When she learned that she was Chen Qiaonian's daughter, she was very surprised. But I quickly accepted this fact.
Then he found a way to contact Chen Songnian's relatives and let Chen Hong recognize his ancestors and return to his ancestors.
Soon after, Chen Hong, accompanied by his family, came to Chen Qiaonian's grave. Facing his biological father, whom he had never met, thinking of his experience over the years, Chen Hong burst into tears and cried: "Dad, I'm coming to see you." ”
This scene moved everyone present.
The details can also be seen from this incident. The social environment and the revolutionary situation at that time were fragmented. Whoever it is, it's a last resort. But no matter what, Chen Hong finally found his family. Unfortunately, Chen Hong has never met her biological parents in her life.