In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuchs and the Donglin party fought openly and secretly in the court, and they were on the same page. He flattered Wei Zhongxian, a member of the Donglin Party, who was once in power and was jealous of the people, and was degraded to the common people and was not reused. After the Qing Dynasty waved his army into the customs, he came immediately after hearing the order and took the lead in shaving his hair and moving to his clothes. He is good at figuring out the will of the government, he is favored, and he does have extraordinary skills. He is Feng Quan, a powerful minister in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, who once said, "One heart can do two masters, and two hearts cannot do one king".
Feng Quan, the word Zhenlu, on the third day of December in the twenty-third year of Wanli, he was born in a family of eunuchs in Zhuozhou, Shuntian Prefecture, Hebei Province, and his father Feng Shengming was the deputy envoy of Shandong according to the judge. In the forty-first year of Wanli, Feng Quanzhong, who was only nineteen years old, was selected as a scholar of the Hanlin Academy. It is "as vigorous as the sunrise, high-spirited youth". He was an official in the same dynasty as his father, and was known as "Little Feng Hanlin".
Wanli Emperor. In the first year of the Apocalypse, Feng Shengming, who was then the political envoy of Henan, left office without authorization and was dismissed by Henan Governor Zhang Ixu**. Because, at that time, Feng Shengming felt that the situation was unstable and there was a fear of great changes, so he wanted to ask for leave, but Zhang and I refused politely. However, Feng Shengming left his post without regard for his duties, and was arrested in May. According to the laws of the Ming Dynasty, Feng Shengming was sentenced to cane punishment and dismissed from his post as a citizen, and died soon after. Feng Quan also went home with his father at this time and was resigned.
In the fourth year of the Apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian went to Zhuozhou to offer incense, which made Feng Quan see the hope of returning to the court. He knelt beside the road and cried to Wei about the experience of being **, expressing his strong desire to hug his thighs. At this time, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was in full swing with the Donglin Party, and he also needed a powerful thug, and now Feng Quan came to vote, which was exactly what he wanted. Feng Quan was reinstated by Wei Guan, so he was grateful to Wei, comparable to "reborn parents", and of course he would uphold his will and show his teeth and claws for him.
Wei Zhongxian. In the party struggle in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, he wantonly framed and excluded the Donglin party, and in just one year, he was promoted to an auxiliary minister of the imperial court, a scholar of Wenyuan Pavilion, and became a hot figure in the eunuch party. He took advantage of the opportunity of Emperor Ming to listen to the scriptures and lectures, and presented the fake "Embroidered Elephant Liaodong Biography", which framed Xiong Tingbi to death, but still refused to give up, and set a trap to kill Xiong Tingbi's in-laws, Wu Yuzhong. In the sixth year of the Apocalypse, under the instruction of Wei Zhongxian, he compiled the "Three Dynasties Classics" to frame the Donglin Party. At this time, Feng Quan was like a fish in water, and he was already the leading figure in Wei Zhongxian's henchmen. The tree attracts the wind, and the man invites trouble. Because of his too arrogant performance, Feng Quan was jealous of Cui Chengxiu, who was also a eunuch, and slandered him, causing Wei Zhongxian to be estranged, and he was dismissed and lost his official position in April of that year.
Wei Zhongxian. In August of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Ming Xizong died, but Emperor Chongzhen, a young emperor, did not do things as sophisticated as he should at this age. As soon as he ascended to power, he began to work on the elimination of the eunuchs. Among the 129 people who were "confessed to the people for three years" because of their deceitful affair with Wei Zhongxian, Feng Quan was the second. Emperor Chongzhen reduced him to the crime of "Wei Zhongxian's party". Until the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Feng Quan was imprisoned in the name of "reverse auxiliary" and was never used.
Feng Quan. In the midst of internal and external difficulties, the Ming Dynasty fell. The Qing Dynasty gradually took control of Guanzhong, and in order to better rule the occupied Han areas, the Qing court began to recruit and use a large number of former Ming ministers, including Feng Quan. After receiving Dorgon's orders, he rushed to the regent's side without hesitation.
Although the Qing Dynasty occupied the world, due to the use of a large number of former ministers of the Ming Dynasty, the party struggle at the end of the Ming Dynasty was inevitably staged in the Qing court. In February of the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Wu Da of the Imperial History first wrote to Feng Quan, which opened the prelude to the continuation of the party struggle.
Wu Da listed his three major crimes:
1. Feng Quan was the righteous son of Wei Zhongxian, who took power and accepted bribes after Shi Qing, and once asked Jiang Huan for 30,000 taels of silver, and was allowed to be made an official, and his bad Xi did not change.
2. Even if his son was ordered to feast on the officials in the inner court, drink all day long, and take the opportunity to join the party.
3. "Votes are intended to be self-explanatory" and "make people afraid to welcome".
Wu Da provoked this, and the others couldn't get used to Feng Quan, so they joined the team one after another. Xu Zuomei, Wang Shoulu and Yushi Sangyun also wrote to impeach Feng Quan, and the most fierce one was Yushi Li Senxian.
Wu Da. On the one hand, he believed that the fall of the Ming Dynasty had a great relationship with the eunuch party to which Feng Quan belonged, and at the same time pointed out that he avoided the important and trivialized this time, and could not really find out the reason, but just blindly did a hasty matter.
He was "deeply worried" about this kind of treacherous misdirection of the country, and asked Dolgon to "stand up and kill him in the city", and sue Feng Quan for his crimes in the world!Li Senxian's words are a sign of the climax of this **.
Dolgon. Dolgon attached great importance to this party struggle that began at the end of the Ming Dynasty and personally conducted the trial in the Chonghua Palace. Feng Quan relied on Dolgon's favor and refuted the accusations against him one by one.
The results of the court interrogation were, first, that there was "no real record" in all the things impeached, and second, that "the old things of the previous dynasty should not be pursued inappropriately."
Dolgon believes that it was precisely because of the party struggle at the end of the Ming Dynasty that the demise of the Ming Dynasty was accelerated, so that the Qing Dynasty could achieve the final victory, and from the perspective of the Qing court, Feng Quan was a "hero". Also, when the Qing army entered the customs, Feng Quan took the lead in expressing his attitude and sincerely surrendered, which played a leading role, which made Dolgon very satisfied. In addition, Feng Quan is indeed very good at observing words and feelings, and he understands the thoughts of those in power very well. To put it simply, anything you can say can be said to your heart, the sweet one with a small mouth, ** without the same kind of lord, the average ruler can't stand this kind of "sugar-coated cannonball", and Dolgon is no exception.
On the other hand, Li Senxian, Xu Zuomei, Sang Yun and others of the "Donglin Party" either seized official positions or demoted their tunes. After this turmoil, Feng Quan became even more favored by Dorgon.
Donglin Party members. But there are unforeseen circumstances, no one expected that the regent would die in the seventh year of Shunzhi, and the fourteen-year-old Emperor Shunzhi was in power, so that everything took a subtle turn.
In Dolgon's time, the opposition could only hold back, and now that the regent is dead, there is nothing to fear. Under the leadership of Prince Zheng, exposing Dolgon's crimes and announcing his guilt also happened to hit Emperor Shunzhi's long-injured little heart, so he naturally would not let go of this opportunity to vent his anger. Dolgon's graves were exhumed and whipped, and his henchmen were dismissed, exiled, and even executed. In the screening of Han ministers, Feng Quan was ranked first, and Emperor Shunzhi severely reprimanded him for "losing the body of a minister" and "ordering Zhishi"!Feng Quan dismissed the official and went home.
However, once again, the god of fate patronized him. Since Feng Quan was deposed, Chen Mingxia, who replaced him, was convicted and executed, which made Emperor Shunzhi's understanding change somewhat. Chen Mingxia was the head of the Han bureaucracy in the central and southern part of the Qing court at that time, and Ning Wanme and Liu Zongzheng accused Chen Mingxia of colluding with friends and disrupting power without authority.
Emperor Shunzhi. At this time, Shunzhi felt that Feng Quan was "unremarkable", and "known to be talented and learned" and "proficient in political affairs", so he ordered the Ministry of Officials to recruit Feng Quan to return to the dynasty. After Feng Quanguan was reinstated, he was deeply trusted by Emperor Shunzhi, but the concept of excluding southern Han officials did not change, so the situation of southern Han officials ten years after Shunzhi was more related to him. The nature of the country is easy to change and difficult to change, this kind of behavior has been deeply rooted in the bone marrow, there is no way to change it, of course, it is also related to the political environment, it is a kind of mutual creation, and it is difficult to speak alone.
Feng Quan was by the emperor's side until the thirteenth year of Shunzhi, because of his advanced age, he returned to his hometown after being invited, but Emperor Shunzhi still took good care of him, and still held the original title and the scholar of the Zhonghe Temple. Until Kangxi died at home in November of the eleventh year, at the age of seventy-eight.
Throughout Feng Quan's forty-one years of Jinshi in Wanli to the thirteenth year of Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty, he retired and went home, and in the process of these forty years (including the time to go home after resignation), most of the party struggles were regarded as "serious things", and there were few other achievements, which can be said to be "not worth mentioning". However, he can be trusted by those in power, and this is indeed his extraordinary ability. Adapting to the situation is his magic weapon. It is also because of this that he is too invested in this area, and then people will not give him the name of "talented but not virtuous".
Emperor Qianlong. Only through the precipitation of history can we truly discover the brilliance of a person, especially those who have an impact on history. After Feng Quan's death, until the 54th year of Qianlong, he thought that he "disregarded the name and festival, served in two dynasties, and after being subordinated, he had no merits to be disciplined", and the nickname "Wen Min" was revoked by decree. For Feng Quan's merits and demerits, after so long, the coffin was finally closed.