Germanium is a rare metal with high value and high application, which has a wide range of applications in electronics, photovoltaics, aviation and military fields. However, due to the very limited reserves and distribution of germanium, germanium waste has become an important means to improve germanium utilization efficiency and protect the environment. In this article, the process flow of germanium scrap will be compared.
First, the ** and classification of germanium waste.
Germanium waste is mainly used in electronic waste, semiconductor industry waste, chemical production waste, etc. Depending on the nature and nature, germanium scrap can be divided into different types of scrap, such as circuit board scrap, transistor scrap, optical fiber scrap, etc.
Second, the process flow of germanium waste.
1.Pretreatment.
The pretreatment of germanium waste is mainly to classify, clean, crush and other operations of waste for subsequent separation and purification. Different types of germanium waste require different pretreatment methods.
2.Leaching.
Leaching is one of the important aspects of germanium waste**, the purpose of which is to dissolve germanium from the waste. Commonly used leaching methods include acid leaching, alkali leaching, and solvent extraction. Depending on the type and composition of the waste, the appropriate leaching method and solvent are selected.
3.Separation and purification.
Separation and purification is one of the key steps in germanium scrap**, the purpose of which is to separate germanium from other metal elements and purify it. Commonly used separation and purification methods include precipitation, solvent extraction, electrolysis, etc. Choose the appropriate separation and purification method according to the actual situation.
4.Smelting and ingots.
After separation and purification, germanium needs to be smelted and cast to obtain high-purity germanium ingots. Smelting and ingot casting need to be carried out at high temperatures and high vacuum to ensure the purity and quality of the germanium ingots.
5.Product processing.
The resulting germanium ingots can be further processed, such as pulling single crystals, producing optical fibers, manufacturing electronic devices, etc. The processed products can be directly used in various fields.
III. Conclusion. Germanium waste** is an important job that not only improves the efficiency of germanium utilization, but also protects the environment. By understanding the classification and classification of germanium waste, and mastering the process flow of germanium waste, we can better carry out the work of germanium waste. In the future, with the continuous development of science and technology, we can expect the emergence of more efficient and environmentally friendly germanium waste** technologies and equipment, which will make greater contributions to protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development.