11.16 million square kilometers of land in EuropeIn total, there are 44 countriesThe average area of each country is only more than 200,000 square kilometers, which is about the same as the area of China's provinces.
However, even though there are many countries in the European region, butHowever, there is a certain degree of unity in their culture.
Europe with many countries).
In terms of linguistic system, there are many similarities between Spanish and PortugueseEnglish and German are also very similar in the way they are pronounced and some of the phrases are formed. From the point of view of living habits:There are no undue differences between European countries. That's why they can form the EU as different countries and exist independently in the world.
So, there is such a saying in Europe,Why did Europe have the conditions to become a unified power, but failed to unify it, because they lacked a Qin Shi Huang.
StillThere is also an "alternative" on European soilAlthough this country is located in the center of Europe, their own European identity is highly insufficient, the language used is almost independent of the European system, and the living customs are fundamentally different from those of other European countries. This country isHungary
Hungary in the heart of Europe).
So how did Hungary, in the heart of Europe, become a "Europa orphan"?How is their historical evolution and today's development related and different from Europe?
Hungarians in the nomadic era).
The ancient history of Hungary can be summed up in two words – miserable.
Historians believe that the Hungarian nation was very unstable in the early days, and they were not only ruled by the Bulgars and Byzantines in turn, but even suffered from the enslavement of the Huns. To this day,There are also people who believe that the Hungarians are the ancient Huns.
Ancient Hungarians)
The Hungarian culture was not well preserved by the long-term slavery, and their language system was fundamentally different from that of the European powers in Central and West AsiaIt has always played the role of an outsider in Europe.
It was not until the 13th century AD that Hungary completed its transformation from a nomadic to a feudal state. But just as Hungary's development was on the right track, the Mongol army broke through Europe and Hungary was sackedMore than half of the population died fighting against the Mongol invasion.
At this point, Hungary was in a slump and no longer had its former glory. After the collapse of the Mongol dynasty, Hungary was only nominally unified, and the various lords in the country were divided, and the king remained in name only.
Bronze statue of the ancient Hungarians).
However, while Hungary is struggling to recover its economyThe Ottoman Turkish Empire, an emerging power in Europe, began its expansion and soon annexed Hungary outright。The culture of the Hungarians was once again fragmented, and their own development was even more difficult, and the whole nation was on the verge of extinction.
And this situation has lasted for hundreds of years.
Perhaps it is for this reason that Hungary today is somewhat repulsive to European culture. After all, the Hungarian nation came from West Asia, but Europe brought them only slavery and domination.
In 1848, the Ottoman Empire's long-term brutal rule completely ignited the national anger of Hungary, and they were not afraid of the power to raise the banner of revolution, but the Ottomans at that time were definitely regarded as a European power, and the Hungarian revolution was a useless move ...... in their eyes
Hungarian Revolution of 1848).
However, the Ottoman management realized from this revolution the inadequacies of its own policies. The Hungarian nation made up a high percentage of the population in the Ottoman EmpireIf they make a revolution every three days, it will be extremely detrimental to the development of the Ottomans.
Because of this,The Ottoman Empire decided to live in harmony with Hungary and established a dual empire, Austria-Hungary。On the surface, the Hungarians were given an equal footing.
The first thing the Hungarians did after gaining equal status in the Austro-Hungarian Empire was to carry out a policy of Hungarianization in the Transylvania region they administered, they relocated large numbers of Hungarians to a unified location to build a modern Hungarian language system.
Modern Hungary).
In addition to that,The Hungarians also stepped up their time to educate the Hungarian nation and culture, and strongly supported the national newspapers in the society at that time. This series of practices strengthened the Hungarians' self-identity to a certain extent, and also led to their status in Slovakia and Transylvania.
With the outbreak of World War I, a large number of Hungarians followed Austria-Hungary into battle, but in the end they were defeated by the Entente and lost the war. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed in 1918。Hungary seized the opportunity and established the modern Hungarian Soviet Republic.
However, Hungary, which was once united with Austria-Hungary, also had to admit defeat in the war, they were not only forced to cede a full 2 3 of the territory, but also suffered from economic exploitation.
Hungary defeated in World War I).
It's no exaggeration to say:European countries have done little good with Hungary。First, the Ottoman Turkish Empire brutally ruled the Hungarian nation for hundreds of yearsAfter Hungary was finally liberated, Romania, Czechoslovakia and other countries used the pretext of war to exploit Hungary with high intensity.
Judging from the historical evolution, how can Hungary, which has been humiliated by Europe, live in harmony with Europe?
After the outbreak of the Second World WarHungary established a Horti fascist regime through hatred of the countries of Europe。In the early stages of the war, they succeeded in regaining territories lost in World War I from countries such as Yugoslavia and Romania, and almost restored Hungary's glory.
Hungary during World War II).
However, the fascist forces were eventually defeated in World War IIHungary had to return all the recaptured lands. The territorial boundaries of modern Hungary were finally largely determined
The back-and-forth exchange of land led directly to a large number of Hungarian ethnic migrations: in Serbia at that time, the proportion of Hungarians was able to reach 4%;In Romania, the proportion of Hungarians is able to reach 7%;In Czechoslovakia, the proportion of Hungarians was even 11%.
Ethnic Hungarians outside Hungary).
In this way, his compatriots have become a minority in other countries, which makes it very difficult for Hungary to accept. But the wheel of history cannot be changedThey can only turn this regret into disagreement with the rest of Europe, and silently carry out it with the Hungarian culture that is independent of Europe.
In any case, the Hungarian nation, which has endured thousands of years of hardship, has finally entered the modern society smoothly and has become a member of Europe in the form of an independent country.
After the end of World War II, both Hungary and Romania became vassal states of the Soviet Union and became "one family". Romania quickly showed its sincerity, and they immediately introduced policies to better accommodate the Hungarian minority.
Hungary became a vassal state of the Soviet Union after World War II).
In the beginning, Romania and other countries educated the Hungarian minority in their own culture, and even regarded the Hungarian language and the Romanian language as official languages, showing great respect for HungaryHungarian culture has also seen a resurgence in Romania, the contradictions between the two countries seem to have been completely eliminated.
However, Hungary, having become a vassal state of the Soviet Union, felt a chill ......
It turned out,The political infiltration of the Soviet Union completely encroached on the upper echelons of Hungarian politicsThe Hungarian Workers' Party, which was in power at the time, admired the Soviet model very much, and copied and used the Soviet model completely regardless of its own national conditionsAs a result, Hungary's national development and its own economy have been seriously affected.
Hungarian events appeared in Time magazine).
Gradually, more and more Hungarians questioned the leadership of the Soviet Union, and they wanted to take the fate of the Hungarian nation into their own hands. From the death of Stalin in 1953,Hungary began a process of resolute "de-Sovietization". To do this, they do not hesitate to use violence as a means.
In 1956, a huge movement broke out in Hungary, in which they openly opposed the Soviet leadership and demanded more rights for the Hungarian nation. In the heyday of the movement,The Hungarians even destroyed the bronze statue of Stalin Square, and bloodshed ensued.
Hungarian October Incidents).
This movement came to be calledHungarian October Incidents).Later, the Soviet Union even directly sent troops to Hungary to violently suppress the movement. About 2,700 Hungarians were killed in the incident.
Seeing that Hungary has torn its face with its big brother, the Soviet Union,Romania and other vassal states of the USSR immediately changed their policy towards the HungariansNot only did they shut down most of the Hungarian radio and books, but they also stopped teaching the Hungarian language in general.
The Hungarians were very dissatisfied with the practices of Romania and other countries, but they had nothing to do with the powerful Soviet Union；The Hungarian minorities in Romania and other countries can only silently endure the cultural hegemony of these European countries, and miss their homeland in a foreign land.
The bronze statue of Stalin that was toppled)
On the eve of the collapse of the USSRRomania even carried out forced demolitions of Hungarian minorities, directly destroying 800 Hungarian villages and forcing them to live with Romanians.
However, tens of thousands of Hungarian minorities were so strong in their national identity that they not only did not cooperate with the Romanians, but even moved to Hungary en masse after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Angry Hungarians)
After reading this series of experiences of Hungary in modern times, who would not understand their independence from Europe?The ostensibly prosperous European culture did not make the Hungarian nation culturally and economically strong at allIt is a blind use of European hegemony to forcibly "assimilate" Hungary. And how can Hungary easily forgive Europe?
In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, and countries such as Hungary and Romania also ushered in real independence. Hungary accused Romania and other countries of treating the Hungarian minority differently, and Romania turned its head and scolded Hungary for meddling in its affairs
In addition to opposing Romania, Hungary also has a clear rejection of other European cultures, and their feud with the United States has a direct effect on the European Union, repeatedly opposed the mainstream proposals of the European Union, and even raised the desire to dissolve the European Parliament.
As we all know, the European Union was established under the guidance and promotion of the United States, and is mainly led by European powers such as Britain and France, while Hungary and these countries have a real feud
Hungary has a "feud" with European and American countries).
At the end of World War I, Hungary was partitioned as a defeated country, losing 72 of its territory and 64 of its population. It was the United States, Britain, France and other countries that forced Hungary to sign the defeated treaty!Therefore, Hungary has always looked at Europe unpleasantly, especially Britain, France and other countries that wear the same pants as the United States.
On July 23, 2022, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor made it clear in a speech:"Hungarians are not mulatto, and we don't want to be mulatto!”directly put Hungary and European countries on the table, so that many European countries could not come to power.
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban)
The attitude of the Hungarians shocked the countries of Europe very much, becauseHungary at that time was already a member of the European Union and should not have dealt with the political aspects with such a sharp national attitude.
In this regard, Romanian parliamentarian Alin Mitusa said on social platforms:"It is very dangerous to talk about the purity of nations in Central Europe. ”
Perhaps these Europeans did not understand the reason for the Hungarians' quest for national purity. The history of Hungary as a whole is extremely humiliating, although they have existed in Europe for thousands of years, butFor a long time, it has not been truly accepted by Europe, their own country was tragically divided, and the nation was enslaved ......
Hungary today).
With the blessing of such emotions, Hungary has grown into a country independent of European peoples and cultures, which is a historical necessity and a special existence.
Institute of Russian, East European and Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: An Analysis of Cross-border Ethnic Issues in Eastern European Countries: A Case Study of Hungarians. Russian, Eastern European and Central Asian Studies. 2013（03）There are complex reasons behind Hungary's "difference" in the EU. China Youth Daily, 2022-12-31
The Hungarian prime minister sparked anger over Europe's slamming of "ethnic mixing". Overseas Network, 2022-07-25