If you want to get a high yield of sweet potatoes, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:
First, the selection of land preparation
Sweet potato is a root crop, which has high soil requirements, so it is advisable to choose sandy loam soil with deep soil layer, loose soil and good aeration. Before planting, it is necessary to carry out deep ploughing and land preparation, the depth of ploughing is not less than 30 cm, and the soil quality should be fine and flat. This can increase the air permeability of the soil, improve the water retention capacity of the soil, and create a good environment for the growth of sweet potatoes.
Second, choose the variety
Choose sweet potato varieties that are suitable for local climatic conditions, have high yields, and are of good quality. Such as: watermelon sweet potato, Marisa, watermelon red, Xinjiang Hami sweet potato, mountain sweet potato, Tianmu Mountain small sweet potato, smoked potato No. 25, watermelon red sweet potato, etc. It is necessary to choose varieties with early maturity, high yield, strong disease resistance and other characteristics, which can improve the yield and quality of sweet potatoes.
3. Sow seeds at the right time
Sweet potatoes need the right temperature and climatic conditions to grow, and sowing seeds at the right time is the key to achieving high yields. During the suitable sowing period, it is necessary to sow seeds as early as possible, so as to take full advantage of the favorable climatic conditions in spring and promote the growth of sweet potatoes. At the same time, according to the local climate characteristics, the sowing time should be reasonably arranged to avoid affecting the growth and yield of sweet potatoes due to too early or too late sowing.
Fourth, reasonable dense planting
Reasonable planting density is one of the important factors for obtaining high yields. It is necessary to determine the appropriate planting density according to the characteristics of the variety and the state of soil fertility. Generally speaking, early-maturing varieties should be planted densely, and late-maturing varieties should be sparsely plantedDense planting should be done with good soil fertility and sparse planting with poor fertility. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the uniform distribution of plants to avoid the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and broken ridges.
Fifth, scientific fertilization
Sweet potatoes need sufficient nutrients to grow, and scientific fertilization is an important measure to improve yield. When fertilizing, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be reasonably matched according to soil fertility and sweet potato growth needs. On the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out in time to meet the needs of sweet potato growth. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer to improve soil fertility and soil structure.
6. Field management
Strengthening field management is one of the key measures to achieve high yields. It is necessary to carry out weeding in time to keep the soil loose and weed-free;Keep the soil moist by watering and draining it at the right timeDo a good job in pest control, and timely discover and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. In the late stage of growth, the old leaves and yellow leaves at the bottom of the plant should be removed in time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce nutrient consumption. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the operation of turning and lifting vines in a timely manner to prevent the vines from growing too vigorously and over-winding.
7. Harvest and storage
Timely harvesting and storage is an important part of ensuring the quality and yield of sweet potatoes. It is necessary to determine the appropriate harvest time according to the local climatic characteristics and variety characteristics. At harvest time, it is important to avoid damaging sweet potatoes and reducing yields. Before storage, unqualified potato pieces such as diseased potatoes, moth-eaten potatoes and damaged potatoes should be removed and dried. The storage environment should be kept dry, well ventilated and at a suitable temperature to delay the rotting and deterioration of potato nuggets.
In short, in order to obtain high yield of sweet potato, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of management measures from the aspects of land selection, variety selection, timely sowing, reasonable dense planting, scientific fertilization, field management and harvest and storage. Only in this way can we improve the yield and quality of sweet potatoes and bring better economic and social benefits to farmers.