Summary of the basic knowledge of the fifth unit of the eighth upper language

The following content is compiled with reference to a variety of materials, sharing knowledge, passing on knowledge, and having fun. Lesson 18 "Chinese Stone Arch Bridge".1.About the AuthorMao Yisheng (1896-1989), formerly known as Yisheng and Tang Chen, was a native of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, a Chinese bridge expert and educator, and was known as the "father of modern bridges in China". He presided over the construction of the Qiantang River Bridge, the first railway and highway dual-purpose bridge designed and built by the Chinese themselves. He also participated in the design of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. He is the author of "History of Chinese Bridges", "Chinese Ancient Bridges and New Bridges", etc. 2. Expository knowledgeExpository writing is a literary style that objectively explains things, with the purpose of giving people knowledge, or explaining the state, nature, and function of things, or clarifying facts. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying facts are the two types of expository essays. Common illustration methods include giving examples, categorizing, listing data, making comparisons, drawing charts, defining, interpreting, analogy, facsimile, and quoting. Common description sequences are: chronological, spatial, and logical. Characteristics of the language: accuracy, rigor. Some are known for their plainness, and some are known for their liveliness. 3.Topic inductionTaking Zhaozhou Bridge and Lugou Bridge as examples, this paper specifically introduces the unique creation and immortal artistic value of China's stone arch bridges in design and construction, outlines the rapid development of the bridge industry in New China, and praises the wisdom and wisdom of China's working people and the superiority of the socialist system. Key wordsarc (hú) shape arch (ɡǒnɡ) bridge symmetry (chèn) 洨 (xiáo) river bridge pier (dūn) river embankment (dīn) mixed (hùn) concrete soil zhangzhou (zhānɡ) drink stream (jiàn) vivid (xiào) zhang 鷟 (zhuó) xiong span record damage simple admiration aggression prologue ingenious and brilliant head to ear unique.

Ingenious: Describe the skill dexterity, beyond the ordinary, there is no comparison. Head to ear: whisper to each other in your ear. Variety: Diverse forms. Vivid: The text describes the carving as very delicate and realistic. Shaw, similar. Unique: only this one;And there is nothing else to compare with. The description is very prominent. Lesson 19 "Suzhou Garden".

1.About the AuthorYe Shengtao (1894-1988), formerly known as Ye Shaojun, was a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu, a writer, educator and literary publisher. He is known as an "excellent language artist", and his representative works include the long story "Ni Huanzhi", the short story "Overcharged Three or Five Buckets", and the fairy tale "Scarecrow" and "Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes".

2.Topic induction

By introducing the picturesque characteristics of Suzhou gardens, this paper shows the superb level of Chinese garden art, praises the outstanding artistic creativity of designers and craftsmen, and the author's appreciation of Suzhou gardens. 

Adaptation to local conditions: Appropriate approaches are prescribed according to the specific conditions of different regions. Ingenuity: Originality and difference. Mountains: Mountains that overlap on top of each other. Pitching posture: The tall tree seems to have its head down, and the low tree seems to have its head raised, forming a graceful posture that echoes each other. Hollowing: Carving a pattern or text on an object that penetrates the object. And so on: all sorts of things like this. Ingenuity: There is another kind of ingenuity (mostly referring to creative ideas in literature and art). Discretion: Consider whether the matter, words, etc. are feasible or appropriate. Lesson 20 "The People's Heroes Are Immortal".1. Introduction to the Monument to the People's Heroes:In September 1949, the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference made a resolution to build a monument to the people's heroes in Tiananmen Square. The construction of the Monument to the People's Heroes received more than 200 design proposals, and in 1951, the National Day decided to focus on Liang Sicheng's design plan, and then synthesize the other three plans to build the monument. Construction officially began on August 1, 1952. The core of the monument weighs 100 tons, and is transported from Qingdao to Beijing, and the finished product is 147 meters, 29 meters wide, 1 meter thick, and weighs 60 tons. The stele body is composed of 413 pieces of granite, and the base of the stele is composed of more than 17,000 pieces of granite and white marble, with an area of more than 3,000 square meters. There are 10 huge reliefs embedded on all sides of the pedestal. The Monument to the People's Heroes stands in Tiananmen Square**, far away from Tiananmen Square, with the inscription "The People's Heroes Are Immortal", and the inscription on the back is drafted and written by ***.

2. New words.

瞻 (zhān) 仰 (yǎng) 矗 (chù) 立 laid (diàn) base.

造 (qì) wall 伟吉 (jì) 镏 (liú) 金 上溯 (sù).

五卅 (sà) immortal (xiǔ) 幅 (fú) 天堑 (qiàn).

皮 (xiāng) 嵌 (qiàn) 发髻 (jì).

Standing: Tall and straight.

Immortal: Vertical, passed down to future generations. Decay, wear out. It means that the glorious cause and great spirit will always be passed on and will not be erased.

Impassioned: full of righteousness, high spirits, emotional excitement, high spirits.

Be courageous: Be brave and keep moving forward.

Great feats: great feats. Abundant, abundant, prosperous.

Patrol: The police in the concession of the imperialists in the old days.

Yao Yao relative: Yao Yao, describing the distance. Far away from each other.

The wind is surging: surging, rising, rising. It is a metaphor for the constant emergence of new things, which is overwhelming.

3. Title: The main title of the article points out the topic of the article, and the subtitle points out the description object.

4. Theme induction:

This paper comprehensively introduces the Monument to the People's Heroes in spatial order, and expresses the infinite reverence and deep nostalgia of the broad masses of the people for the People's Heroes.

Lesson 21 "Cicada".

1.About the AuthorJean-Henri Casimir Fabre (1823-1915) was a French entomologist and writer. He is known as the "Homer of the insect world". Key wordsHustle (xiāo) 蚋(ruì) 臃肿(yōnɡ) 鳍(qí)Tu墁(màn) 蜣(qiānɡ) 窠(kē) 无无无意意(zhōnɡ) 求觅(mì 蚤(zǎo) Cymbal(bó) hustle: The sound is chaotic and unclear. Noisy, noisy, noisy. Gap: Gap. Leap: Jump. Smooth opening and closing: separate and fold unhindered. Indifferent: the heart is not moved at all;Not at all tempting. The main idea of the articleThe two parts of this paper mainly introduce the underground tunnels of cicadas and the process of molting young cicadas, describe the situation of cicadas laying eggs and the biological habits of cicadas when they hatch into larvae, reveal the dangers that cicadas may encounter at the beginning of their lives, and express their sincere admiration and sympathy for cicadas that have worked hard to get short-term joy. Lesson 22 "Dream Back to Prosperity".

1.About the Author

Mao Ning, a Chinese painting and calligraphy critic. Key words汴 (biàn) 梁 田域 (chóu) 跋 (bá) wade 漕運 (cáo) 舳舻 (zhú lú) grip 篙 (ɡāo) 肩接鸵 (zhǒnɡ) 組組絵 (zhǒnɡ) 組組組 (luò yì) 長不組 (rǒnɡ) 遒力 (qiú jìnɡ) 舳舻接: The end of the ship is connected. Stern, stern. Ship, bow. Spring cold material steep: material steep, slightly cold. Describe the cold of early spring. Busy traffic: The car is like flowing water, and the horse is like a swimming dragon. Describe the continuous lively scene with a lot of cars and horses. Shoulder to shoulder: shoulder to shoulder, foot to foot. Described as a lot of people and crowded. Constant streaming: Describe a lot of pedestrians, constantly coming and going. Vigorous: Powerful and powerful. Different forms: It refers to the different shapes, postures, and forms of many things, and each has its own characteristics. Through the elaboration of the structure and content of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, this paper introduces the life of Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty, shows a prosperous scene, affirms the cultural value and historical value of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, and is full of the author's praise.