One day in 1960, the archaeological staff officially excavated the tomb of Princess Tang Yongtai. This princess who died at the age of seventeen, her name was Li Xianhui. Her father is Tang Zhongzong Li Xian, and her grandmother is the famous Wu Zetian. In Li Xianhui's tomb, we found that the tomb system was magnificent, and the unearthed cultural relics were very rich.
It not only provides important clues for the study of the history of the Tang Dynasty in China, but also enriches the shape and specifications of the tombs of the Tang Dynasty in China. Why is there such exquisite cultural relics in the tomb of a seventeen-year-old princess, and why is her tomb upgraded to a "mausoleum"?It all started with her father and her grandmother.
Mausoleum of Princess Yongtai).
During the excavation of Princess Yongtai's mausoleum, there was another unexpected gain, that is, a skeleton was found in the burial chamberThis skeleton is in the same age as the tomb, and who will be the owner of this skeleton?
Yongtai princess Li Xianhui is Li Xian's seventh daughterHistorical records record that she has a beautiful appearance, "making the flowers of peach and plum inferior to them".Moreover, Lord Li Xianhui is also very smart, and it can be said that he is deeply liked by Li Xian. At that time, Li Xian was already the crown prince, if there was no accident, Li Xianhui would take his father's liking, marry a good family, and maybe be able to go through his life smoothly.
It's a pity that an accident appeared, and this accident was no one elseIt is Li Xianhui's grandmother, that is, Wu Zetian. Li Zhi set up Li Xian as the crown prince, but Wu Zetian didn't think like this in his heart, after Li Zhi's death, Wu Zetian quickly deposed Li Xian, and then renamed Li Dan as the emperor and regent himself.
Li Xian was deposed as the king of Luling and was imprisoned by Wu Zetian. What about Li Xianhui?Her fate will only be more lonely, at that time Li Xianhui's brother Li Chongrun, who was later Prince Yide. Li Chongrun was originally the emperor's grandson,After his father Li Xian was deposed, Li Chongrun's official office was also abolished by Wu Zetian, and he was demoted to a concubine.
After that, Li Chongrun was also imprisoned, Li Xian and Empress Wei were both moved to Fangzhou, and after the combination, Li Xianhui's husband and Li Chongrun were close, and the current situation was turbulent, and Li Xianhui may have been deposed at this time. So a little princess, who was favored by thousands of people, fell into the quagmire all of a sudden.
Later, Wu Zetian did not re-establish Li Xian as the crown prince until 698 AD, and Li Chongrun became the king of ShaoLi Xianhui was named the lord of Yongtai, and was given a marriage to marry Wu Yanji. Wu Yanji is the son of King Wei, and the two are also a good match, and Li Xianhui was only 16 years old this year.
Network**) Li Chongrun and Wu Yanji have a close relationship, and Wu Zetian's male favorite Zhang family brothers were very favored at that time, Li Chongrun and Wu Yanji saw it in their eyes and were indignant. So they privately discussed how the Zhang brothers were arbitrary, and some people said that Li Chongrun and Wu Yanji disobeyed the Zhang brothersWu Zetian was furious when he learned of this, so he ordered Li Chongrun and Wu Yanji to be killed.
On the third day of the ninth month in 701 A.D., they were killed by rods. At this time, Li Xianhui didn't know what was happening in the court, and when the news from the palace came on the second day, she was pregnant and scared immediatelyIn the end, he died of exhaustion and dystocia at the age of 17. For this favorite daughter and son, after Li Xian ascended the throne, he was also renamed "Princess Yongtai" and "Prince Yide" respectively. ”
Li Xianhui).Therefore, Li Xianhui is also the only princess in Chinese history whose tomb is called "Ling", which is comparable to that of an emperor.
In 1960, the state began to excavate the tomb of Princess Yongtai;It lasted until 1962. This tomb is the largest Tang tomb found since the founding of the People's Republic of China, which shows that Li Xian must have spent a lot of thought. The whole area is more than 6,000 square meters, and it is a typical slope earth cave brick chamber tomb.
Brick chamber tombs).The tomb has a tomb passage, five passages, six patios and corridors, and eight toilets, as well as the front and rear burial chambers. On both sides of the tomb, there are serious and majestic, large-scale murals, divided into male and female attendants, and at the same time, a large number of Tang Sancai figurines, terracotta figurines, porcelain and so on have been excavated in the courtyard.
The scattered cultural relics add up to more than 1,000 pieces, especially the unearthed Tang Sancai figurines, which let us once again feel the charm of Tang Sancai. These figurines are delicate in shape and very bright in color, which perfectly shows the ceramic technology of the Tang Dynasty at that time. The frescoes in the tombs,It also makes us feel as if we are in the scene and see the real appearance of the Tang Dynasty.
excavated terracotta figurines).
The epitaph of the tomb ** soil records the life of Princess YongtaiAnd the epitaph also records the real reason for her death. "The pearl tire destroys the moon"., which means that Princess Yongtai died of dystocia. There have always been speculations before, thinking that Li Xianhui was poisoned by Wu Zetian, and some said that he was strangled to death by Li Xian.
After reading the epitaph, we also knew the cause of Princess Yongtai's death. The whole tomb is surrounded by walls, and the burial chamber alone is 16 years deep7 meters, in the burial goods also found the tomb beast, warrior figurines, etc., as well as unearthed gold, jade, etc., not to sigh the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.
frescoes).Princess Yongtai died in childbirth at the age of 17, which was so painful。It's hard to imagine how sad a woman expecting to give birth must be when she suddenly learns that her brother and husband have been killed with a cane. At that time, Wu Zetian covered the sky with one hand, even if she was her own son, she would be killed, let alone these emperor's grandchildren.
Princess Yongtai and Prince Yide can only enjoy their true honor after Li Xian regains the throne. Judging from Li Xian's behavior, he should like his children quite muchIt's a pity that he didn't have a chance to resist, and neither did his children.
Mural painting of the mausoleum of Prince Yide).
On the sixth day of the excavation process, experts suddenly found a robbery hole in the tomb of Princess Yongtai, which made them sigh, could it be that this tomb has lost a large number of cultural relicsThe experts followed the inspection and found a skeleton in the tomb near the robbery caveThere was also an axe next to the bones, and even a large number of artifacts scattered around.
Who could this person be?Some people say that this person is Song Zhimin, Song Zhimin and Li Xianhui secretly fell in love, but later Li Xianhui was demoted, and the two parted ways. Hearing the news that Li Xianhui died in childbirth, Song Zhimin was in unbearable paindecided to sit in the tomb and accompany Li Xianhui all the time.
The story is very touching, and it also leads to his wide circulation, and even many people really think that this skeleton is Song Zhimin, and he and Li Xianhui do have a personal relationship. So what's really going on?In fact, this story is fake, this is just a made-up love story.
Based on the detection and excavation of clues, experts basically determined that this was a robbery cave in the five dynasties or the early years of the Song Dynasty. And this skeleton should be the tomb robber's uneven distribution of the spoils, and the last person was hacked to death, so he stayed in the cave like this. There were so many gold, silver and jewels scattered next to the bones of this tomb robber, but it was a pity that he was not blessed, and in the end he only had the fate of a tragic death.
Interior of the burial chamber).
Cheng Linan. There is no fragrance for ten miles, and the destruction of the pearl fetus is sad"Birth canal abnormalities"[j].2011(1):4.