With the wide circulation of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the demise of Shu Han has been deplored by many readers who are familiar with the Three Kingdoms. Because Luo Guanzhong, the author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", followed the line of "respecting Liu and degrading Cao", but it is a pity that Shu Han, as the "just" side, failed to complete the unification of the Three Kingdoms. With the successive deaths of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and others, Shu Han finally went to the road of destruction, and thus the history of China entered a new chapter in the Jin Dynasty. There are many reasons why Shu Han came to the end of his rope, but the final result was that the later lord Liu Chan chose to surrender voluntarily, which was the opposite of his son. Liu Chen, the son of the later lord Liu Chan, tried his best to dissuade Liu Chan when he heard that Liu Chan was going to surrender, and finally committed suicide in the temple of Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty, so if Liu Chan listened to Liu Chen's words and refused to surrender, would Shu Han still perish?
The beginning and end of the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty in history.
In 263 AD, Sima Zhaobing, the de facto controller of the Wei state, divided into three routes and began a military campaign to destroy Shu. Before the Wei State began to destroy the Shu Han, Jiang Wei had already noticed the situation and reported it to the Hou Lord Liu Chan, hoping that the Hou Lord could send heavy troops to guard the military land, and the Hou Lord wanted to listen to the opinion of his favored eunuch Huang Hao, and under Huang Hao's ghost operation, he thought that the Wei army would not come, so the matter was over. However, Zhonghui effortlessly obtained the military stronghold of Shu Han Hanzhong Hanzhong, and Jiang Wei, who was forced to helpless, could only retreat to the Sword Pavilion with Zhang Yi, Dong Ju and others. Zhong Hui, who confronted Jiang Wei, failed to win the Sword Pavilion several times, and Zhong Hui had the idea of retiring due to lack of food and grass.
At this time, Deng Ai asked Sima Zhao to think that he should take advantage of the victory to pursue, attack him unprepared, and surprise him. Sima Zhao agreed to Deng Ai's request, and Deng Ai finally succeeded in smuggling through Yinping and rushing to Jiangyou, where Jiang You's Taishou Ma Miao chose to go out of the city and surrender. The Shu Han regime organized a final revolt, led by Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan to defend against the incoming army of Deng Ai. The final result is also known to everyone, the Shu army was defeated in the "Battle of Mianzhu", Zhuge father and son both died on the battlefield, and the Shu Han regime reached the moment of critical survival.
If Liu Chan does not surrender, will Shu Han perish?
According to the records of the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", when the Wei army attacked Shu Han on three routes, the number of people and horses in Deng Aibu was more than 30,000. In the military operation to exterminate Shu, Deng Ai's task was mainly to drag Jiang Wei, so Deng Ai's department inevitably suffered a lot of losses, and secondly, when Deng Ai smuggled into Yinping, his troops also had certain losses, and finally in the land of Jiangyou, there were also certain losses. Although Jiangyou was too guarded by Ma Miao to surrender, it was a helpless move under resistance. Therefore, before the "Battle of Mianzhu" was launched, Deng Aibu's men and horses were at most more than 20,000 people. The "Battle of Mianzhu" was a relatively tragic war, and Shu Han was transferred out of Chengdu because of the men and horses, so the men and horses of Zhuge Zhan's department were temporarily patched together and even prisoners who were amnestied by Liu Chan. As the commander, Zhuge Zhan, although his command ability is not good, he refuses to surrender. It can be deduced from this that the men and horses of Deng Aibu have changed from 20,000 elite soldiers to 20,000 relatively mixed troops.
So how many people are there in Chengdu about this matter?There should be only 10,000 people, after the failure of the "Battle of Mianzhu", some soldiers of the Shu army will definitely try their best to return to Chengdu, because they have their own homes there, plus the soldiers who are responsible for guarding Chengdu every day. With such combat power and Deng Ai's 20,000 remnants, there should be a fighting force. Because since Chengdu is the capital of Shu Han, there must be a certain amount of protection engineering, even if Deng Aibu attacks it, it will take some time, even if the city is broken, the lord can find a way to escape. As long as you wait for a while, the army of reinforcements is on the way, and when the time comes, we are trying to find a way to unite Eastern Wu, and the combined forces of Shu Han and Eastern Wu will definitely make Wei withdraw, because the army of Zhonghui has long been insufficient, and I am afraid that the alliance of Shu Han and Eastern Wu will not be able to break by relying on Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu alone.
Why did the latter choose to surrender.
According to relevant records: in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei accounted for 9 of the thirteen states in the world, with a population of 660,000 households and 4.5 million peopleShu Han accounted for 1, with a population of 280,000 households and 940,000 people;Soochow accounts for 3, with a population of 520,000 households and 2.3 million people. Wei only destroyed Shu Han, so it dispatched an army of 180,000, and the strength of Shu Han was only 100,000, so if Shu Han could avoid destroying the country this time, what about next time?Shu Han could not expect Eastern Wu to rescue him again and again. Secondly, Wei already had the ability to wage war against Shu Han and Eastern Wu at the same time, so Shu Han could only escape for a while, but sooner or later it would also perish. In the end, the scholar class of Shu Han had already had the heart to surrender to Wei, because Wei implemented the "Nine Grades Zhongzheng System", which greatly protected the interests of the scholar class, so Qian Zhou persuaded Liu Chan to surrender. From here, we can see that the interior of Shu Han is no longer a heart.
To sum up, it was a helpless move for the latter lord Liu Chan to choose to surrender, because the latter lord saw the situation clearly. The unification of the world by Wei is an unchangeable situation, and he doesn't want to resist to the death, because Liu Chan is not so bloody. So, if it is the role of the queen Liu Chan, do you choose to surrender or make the final desperate resistance?Welcome to follow, talk and laugh about history, and feel the charm of the ancients!
This article is based on "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", ** the reasons for the fall of Shu Han and the possibility of whether Liu Chan chose to surrender. Through a detailed historical narrative and analysis of various factors, the author shows the historical context of the fall of Shu Han, and at the same time thinks about the key decisions in history. Here's a review of the article:
First of all, the article gives a detailed explanation of the historical background, clearly depicting the beginning and end of the fall of Shu Han. Through the analysis of political, military, demographic and other factors during the Three Kingdoms period, readers can better understand the complex situation of the time. In particular, the actions of key figures such as Jiang Wei and Deng Ai are described, making the whole historical event more vivid.
Secondly, the article gives in-depth thought to whether Liu Chan chose to surrender. By analyzing the internal predicament of Shu Han, the external threat, and the attitude of the scholar class, the article reasonably argues the reasons why Liu Chan finally chose to surrender. This way of digging deep into the inner life of the characters and the logic behind them increases the reader's understanding of the decisions made by historical figures.
However, there are a few areas where the article could also be improved. First of all, for the reasons for Liu Chan's surrender, we can cite more historical sources or the views of historians to increase the authority of the article. Secondly, on the question of whether Liu Chan chose to surrender, other possibilities can be compared and discussed more fully, so that readers can have a more comprehensive understanding of the choice space at that time.
Overall, this article has a good performance in in-depth analysis of historical events and the inner motivations of the characters. Through historical restoration and reasonable reasoning, readers can better understand the reasons for the demise of Shu Han and Liu Chan's choice. At the same time, under the guidance of the question at the end, the article successfully aroused readers' in-depth thinking about the behavior of historical figures, providing a space for history lovers to think and discuss.
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