Over the past 40 years, reform and opening up has become the engine of China's sustained and rapid development and the source of inexhaustible power. Reform and opening up has brought great changes to China and brought benefits to the Chinese people. The impact of reform and opening up on China's economy, society, and culture, people's ideology, and even their way of life is huge and far-reaching, and it is also unprecedented. In agriculture, the same is true.
As an agricultural administrator who grew up in the reform and opening up, I have experienced the whole process of agricultural reform and opening up. It is my honor and pride Xi to review the process of agricultural reform and opening up, summarize the achievements, look forward to the future, and share with you some of my feelings, understandings, thoughts and thoughts. I personally experienced the reform and opening up of agriculture
From a farmer, to a student at an agricultural university, to an agricultural educator, to an administrative ......For our generation, reform and opening up is not only a process of personal learning and Xi and growth, but also a process of witnessing and participating.
Generally speaking, from 1974 to 2021, I have experienced a phased transformation from dry farming and learning agriculture to managing agriculture and serving the "three rurals".
In the 70s of the last century, I was engaged in agricultural production in the 102nd Regiment of the Sixth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. In 1977, when the college entrance examination system was reinstated, I took the college entrance examination and entered the Xi of Beijing Agricultural University. In the ten years after 1982, after graduating from Beijing Agricultural University, I stayed on to engage in agricultural higher education management.
It should be said that the reform and opening up has provided me with new life choices and changed my life. Before the implementation of reform and opening up, there was a big gap between China and advanced developed countries abroad in terms of science and technology, management concepts, and vision. At that time, it was very difficult to see a foreign agricultural expert with your own eyes;It is even more difficult to find a foreign agricultural Xi material translated into Chinese, and the original English version of the agricultural material. Reform and opening up has opened a window and door to the world for China. Since the reform and opening up, more and more foreign Xi materials have been translated or directly introduced, and more and more foreign experts have come to China to give lectures, seminars, and engage in cooperative research.
As the only Chinese student, he took a group photo with his teacher and classmates during his Xi in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1988.
From 1988 to 1989, I went to the University of Hohenheim in the Federal Republic of Germany for a one-year Xi. This kind of overseas learning and Xi is all-round, which lays the foundation for my future participation in and responsibility for international cooperation and exchange in agriculture. Since then, I have gone abroad for many short periods to participate in international conferences, participate in multilateral and bilateral agricultural negotiations, and carry out research and investigation work on agricultural and rural economic development in many countries around the world, further accumulating work experience in international cooperation and exchanges in agriculture.
With more than 30 years of study and Xi and work experience, I am well aware of the importance of international cooperation and exchange in agriculture and the long way to go. Looking back on the more than 40 years of reform and opening up, and looking back at the more than 30 years of experience in participating in international agricultural cooperation and exchanges, I feel proud and proud.
Foreign agricultural exchanges and information exchanges are of great significance
I myself am a participant and beneficiary of the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, the opening of the country, and the implementation of the Xi of personnel exchange and further study at home and abroad.
As the most active factor in the productive forces, the impact of agricultural management and professional and technical personnel and information communication on China's agriculture is indirect to a certain extent, and sometimes it seems to be imperceptible, but it is very huge and far-reaching.
Inviting foreign experts to give lectures in China and sending agricultural management and professional and technical personnel abroad for further study and Xi have accelerated the cultivation and promotion of talents, and created a group of international agricultural science and technology talents and agricultural management talents with a global vision. At present, many academic leaders, influential experts and leading cadres at home and abroad in China's agricultural field have the experience of studying abroad for Xi. Intellectuals and technicians who have studied, trained, and lived abroad Xi play an important role in China's agricultural development.
The introduction of agricultural equipment and core technology, striving for international aid and foreign investment, continuously increasing the intensity and depth of agricultural international cooperation and exchanges, accelerating the introduction of advanced agricultural equipment and core technology, and striving for more international aid and foreign investment have always been an important part of China's agricultural opening up and exchange work. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has introduced more than 200,000 animal and plant germplasm resources and thousands of advanced and applicable agricultural production technologies. As far as the "948 Plan" implemented in 1994 is concerned, during the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, more than 3,500 new and appropriate agricultural technologies, more than 20,000 varieties and resources, and more than 500,000 breeding materials were introduced from more than 40 countries and regions, including planting, animal husbandry, and fishery. The introduced agricultural technologies and varieties have been widely popularized and applied in China and have produced huge economic benefits. Mulching cultivation, rice dry breeding and sparse planting, agricultural remote sensing, straw ammoniation, integrated pest control, mechanized chicken raising, cage fish farming, fruit and vegetable preservation and processing, etc., many of the technologies that seem to be common today were introduced through international agricultural cooperation and exchanges, or innovated and upgraded on the basis of introduction.
Participated in the General Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2018.
Through international cooperation and exchanges in agriculture, China has introduced a large number of advanced agricultural equipment for agricultural colleges and universities, scientific research institutions, production enterprises and management departments, which has improved China's agricultural education and scientific research hardware and improved the level of agricultural equipment. The introduction of technology, equipment, and varieties has played a positive role in speeding up China's agricultural scientific and technological progress and raising the level of agricultural productivity. In addition, digestion, absorption and innovation, the situation of relatively backward agricultural technology and insufficient reserves in China has been greatly reversed. According to expert estimates, due to the introduction of technical varieties, China's agricultural science and technology research and development time has been shortened by an average of 10-15 years, saving 30% and 50% of research and development funds.
Striving for international assistance and foreign investment is also an important part of international cooperation and exchanges in agriculture. In particular, in the early stage of reform and opening up, domestic agricultural input was seriously insufficient, and winning foreign aid and foreign capital was very important for speeding up comprehensive agricultural development and eradicating poverty. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2006, China's agriculture had won more than 3 billion U.S. dollars in gratuitous aid from international organizations such as the World Food Programme, the United Nations Development Programme, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and foreign countries, and more than 10 billion U.S. dollars in preferential and low-interest loans from international financial institutions such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the International Agricultural Development Organization. By the end of 2005, there were more than 16,800 FDI projects in agricultural utilization, with an agreement amount of $30 billion.
Since 1979, the World Food Programme (WFP) has been providing food aid and emergency assistance to China, and has implemented comprehensive agricultural development and disaster recovery projects through cash-for-work projects. By 2001, the World Food Programme had approved a total of 66 food aid projects in China, amounting to $900 million, or an average of $40 million to $50 million per year. The vast majority of these projects are located in poor counties at the national or provincial level, covering 200 counties and benefiting more than 30 million people. From 1980 to 2001, the International Agricultural Development Association approved a total of 16 comprehensive agricultural development projects in China, with a total amount of more than 400 million US dollars in preferential loans, which were mainly used for comprehensive agricultural development for poverty alleviation. This is a very important investment in poverty alleviation, especially in the 80s and early 90s of the 20th century.
In 2010, he met with Mr. Pisk, Chief Operating Officer of Syngenta Group Seeds.
The utilization of foreign capital in agriculture has also promoted the introduction of modern agricultural management concepts and models, cultivated a number of modern wholly-owned and joint-venture agricultural enterprises, and promoted the industrialized operation of agriculture and the export of agricultural products. In the mid-80s of the 20th century, the European Union's milk assistance projects implemented in 24 provincial capitals in China played a positive role in promoting the development of China's dairy industry, and then a number of large-scale dairy leading enterprises such as Mengniu, Yili, Guangming and Sanyuan came into being. Through the implementation of the World Bank-financed China seed commercialization project, and drawing on the experience of the seed industry management system and enterprise system implemented by developed countries, China has implemented the shareholding system transformation of seed companies, implemented the separation of seed administration and seed management business, and established a modern seed management and management system.
Help improve China's international influence and discourse power
Since the reform and opening up, China's agricultural foreign exchange channels have been continuously expanded, multilateral and bilateral relations have been deepened and increasingly institutionalized, and the intensity of participation in multilateral and bilateral international affairs in agriculture has been continuously strengthened, which has consolidated the foundation of China's international cooperation in agricultural economy, trade, science and technology, and improved China's influence in the international community and the right to speak in the formulation of rules for international cooperation and exchanges in agriculture.
The scope of bilateral cooperation in agriculture is expanding and becoming more institutionalized. Since the reform and opening up, China has established long-term and stable agricultural science and technology exchanges and economic and trade cooperation relations with more than 140 countries, and the exchange of high-level agricultural visits has been continuously strengthened, receiving and sending about 40 ministerial-level delegations every year, and receiving or sending a ministerial-level delegation every 9 days on average. China has jointly established agricultural cooperation committees or working groups with more than 50 countries, and bilateral agricultural cooperation has become more and more institutionalized and regularized. The institutionalization of bilateral relations and the strengthening of exchanges between high-level agricultural groups have enhanced mutual understanding, mutual respect and trust between countries, laid a good foundation for bilateral economic, trade, scientific and technological cooperation in agriculture, and expanded the influence of China's agriculture in all countries in the world.
Speaker at the General Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2015.
Multilateral cooperation and participation have been continuously strengthened, and China's influence and voice have been increasingly enhanced. International organizations are playing an increasingly important role in coordinating and resolving international hotspot issues in the field of food and agriculture, formulating international rules and standards, and managing and conserving fishery resources on the high seas and other transboundary resources. Since the reform and opening up, China has attached great importance to increasing participation in multilateral agricultural cooperation and exchanges, and has continuously improved the breadth and depth of participation. Up to now, China has joined all major international agricultural and financial organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Food Programme, the International Agricultural Development Association**, the World Organisation for Animal Health, the International Consultative Group on Agriculture, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, etc.
China joined the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 1992 and resumed the exercise of its legal rights in 2007. This is the result of years of hard work and the elimination of various factors. As a member, China has established stable cooperative relations with these international organizations and fully participated in the activities of these international organizations, which has greatly enhanced China's influence and voice in the formulation of international agricultural affairs and rules and standards. As a member of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), China actively participates in international cooperation on the prevention and control of avian influenza and other major animal diseases, and in 2005 successfully held the "International Financing Conference for the Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza", attended by nearly 700 representatives from more than 100 countries and more than 20 international and regional organizations, and the conference raised about 1.9 billion US dollars in grants and loans.
As a member of the World Organization, on the basis of comprehensive, systematic and in-depth research, we have actively and effectively participated in the agricultural negotiations of the World Organization, and through the joint efforts of other member countries of the World Organization, we have effectively exerted our country's influence and constructive role, promoted the construction of fair and market-oriented multilateral rules in the true sense, and ensured that the Doha Round of negotiations of the World Organization has truly become a negotiation to promote the development of all countries in the world, especially developing countries.
The trend of regional integration is increasing, and regional cooperation in agriculture is becoming more and more active. China actively participates in regional cooperation in agriculture under the "10 1" cooperation mechanism between ASEAN (10 ASEAN members) and China, the "10 3" cooperation mechanism between ASEAN and China, Japan and South Korea, the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation, the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
In 2002, a memorandum of understanding on China-ASEAN agricultural cooperation was signed, and in 2007, the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Agriculture Ministers' Meeting was held in Beijing. From 2002 to 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture held a total of 48 management and technical training courses for ASEAN countries, with a total of more than 800 participantsMore than 30 different types of cooperative demonstration projects have been implemented in ASEAN countries, covering ecological agriculture, edible fungus production, seed management, animal nutrition, information agriculture, animal disease control, potato yield cultivation and tropical crop cultivation technology. These agricultural cooperation have yielded good economic and social benefits and expanded the influence of our agriculture in ASEAN.
China's agricultural achievements and major contributions to world food security have been recognized by the international community, China's agricultural development and food security model has become a model for other developing countries Xi to learn from, and more and more countries have invited and asked China to send Chinese agricultural experts to other countries under the multilateral framework to share the experience of agricultural development.
*: China Rural Network.
Editor: Huo Ran.
Supervisor: **Wen, Xu Feng.
Submission email: wgsntg@126com