Tang Baolin: The difficult process of the Chinese academic community to justify Chen Duxiu s name

Chen Duxiu (October 9, 1879, May 27, 1942).

Text |Tang Baolin is a researcher at the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Excerpt from "The Complete Biography of Chen Duxiu".

The resolution of the emergency meeting of the Communist Party of China (87th Conference) on August 7, 1927, the resolution of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China expelling Chen Duxiu from the party in November 1929, and the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party" adopted by the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in 1945 were three important resolutions that had a decisive impact on Chen Duxiu's fate. These resolutions, as well as other documents, speeches, articles, and "Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China" written by Hu Qiaomu, secretary of Mao Zedong, in 1951Chen Duxiu was given ten hats, which we call the "Ten Deadly Sins": the opportunist theory of the second revolution, right-leaning opportunism, right-leaning capitulationist line, the anti-Chen cancelist, anti-Soviet, anti-Gonggong International, anti-dang, counter-revolutionary, traitor, and traitor.

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978, some people in the academic circles took advantage of the opportunity of ideological emancipation and a little active political atmosphere to begin to break free from the shackles, think independently, and re-examine Chen Duxiu's thoughts and activities throughout his life with a scientific attitude, and found that none of the above charges could be established. In addition to the fact that the crime of "traitor" is completely false, some of them are the product of the "right to interpret theories" (i.e., "the king becomes the king and loses") of the power holdersOthers are the result of the "demonization" of dissenting opinions in the revolutionary camp. Therefore, from the standpoint of justice, this case is the largest unjust, false and wrongful case in the history of China. The circumstances of this investigation are briefly described below.

The collapse of the "May Fourth Theory of No Statement" and the "Theory of a Big Wrong Choice".

Regarding Chen Duxiu during the May Fourth and Party founding periods, in the early days of the founding of New China, the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China pointed out in a report on December 2, 1954 to **

Recently, the question of valuing Chen Duxiu's role before and after the May Fourth Movement has been repeatedly raised because it involves the compilation of historical discourses and materials related to the May Fourth Movement. The "Modern Chinese History Series" published by the People's Publishing House has a copy of "The May Fourth Movement," but because it was uncertain whether Chen Duxiu's article could be selected, it had to put the edited manuscript on hold for the time beingThe editorial board of China Youth once doubted whether Chen Duxiu's name could be mentioned in the history of the May Fourth MovementThe Marxist-Leninist Institute's editors of the history of the Chinese revolutionary press also encountered this problem. Recently, the Propaganda Department of the Wulong County Party Committee in Sichuan Province also wrote to ask: The Soviet Union burned all the articles and articles of the revolutionary traitor Beria, why did the book "Selected Materials on Modern Chinese History" published by Sanlian Bookstore also select the article "The Defense of the New Youth Crime Case" by the revolutionary traitor Chen Duxiu?”

It is not necessary to avoid mentioning him in the account of the relevant historical facts, and some of his influential ** may be selected from the relevant historical sources, but there should be appropriate criticism, or annotations explaining his role at the time and his subsequent acts of rebellion.

This proposal was actually influenced by Hu Qiaomu's "Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China". This book, as well as the "Lecture Notes on the History of the Chinese Revolution" (written by Hu Hua), which was widely used as a textbook in colleges and universities in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, generally do not mention Chen Duxiu, but only mention Li Dazhao, and some imitate Mao Zedong's practice, adding "Lu Xun, the main general of the New Culture Movement";When talking about the propaganda of Marxism before the founding of the party, he only talked about Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong, and did not mention Chen Duxiu. The "Handout" even said that in 1920 Mao Zedong "made ideological preparations for the establishment of a proletarian party in China".When it was written that the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China had to mention that Chen Duxiu was elected secretary of the ** Bureau, they also had to emphasize that "Chen Duxiu was not a good Marxist" and said that "he appeared as a Marxist but was in fact a petty-bourgeois revolutionary";Chen Duxiuzhi's election as the leader was due to "the naivety of the party when it was founded" and the "wrong choice" of the whole party.

In such a political and academic atmosphere, some scholars who studied the May Fourth Movement and the early spread of Marxism in China were criticized one after another because they could not evade Chen Duxiu's historical role in their specific expositions, such as Sun Sibai, Ding Shouhe, Peng Ming, and Lin Maosheng. In the "cultural dageming", it was criticized for "touching the flesh". Their "crime" is to "overturn the case for the traitor Chen Duxiu"!

wenge", China ushered in a new era of reform and opening up. In 1979, when commemorating the 60th anniversary of the May Fourth Movement and in 1981 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the party, domestic scholars held grand academic seminars and published a number of important articles. For example, General Xiao Ke, who is famous for his Confucian generals, said at the academic seminar on the 60 th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China

"Chen Duxiu's problem, it used to be a forbidden area, but now it is a semi-forbidden area, and it is said that it is a semi-forbidden area, and many people have been in contact with it in some aspects. But it's not comprehensive, it's not in-depth, and there are probably concerns. ”

If Chen Duxiu is not seriously studied, it will be one-sided in writing party history in the future. Not long ago, when I watched the documentary "Song of the Pioneers", I couldn't see the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth period and the most important figure in the founding of the party. In the footage of founding the party, it was Li Dazhao as soon as he appeared. However, 'Chen in the south and Li in the north' is a conclusive conclusion that conforms to historical facts. Li Dazhao is right as one of the main figures in the founding of the party, but Chen Duxiu should be the first. ”

He has merit. He was the commander-in-chief during the May Fourth Movement, and the whole movement was actually led by him. At that time, there was the magazine "New Youth", which was edited by Chen Duxiu. Some of the people who were alerted by this magazine and the May Fourth Movement joined the Communist Party. These people were greatly influenced by Chen Duxiu and a group of people around him, and it can be said that they gathered together to form the party. He created the party, and there is merit.

Document No. 13 is the public rehabilitation of Chen Duxiu's traitorous crime

On December 1, 1935, Kirov, who at that time was more prestigious than Stalin among the Soviet people, was assassinated at the Molny Palace in Leningrads. The case is still a mystery due to the fact that ** and the investigators ** were quickly eliminated. However, Stalin quickly seized the opportunity and carried out a great trial and purge of those who disagreed at different times in the past. At the same time, in order to cooperate with this frenzied movement of the Communist Party, Wang Ming and Kang Sheng (who returned to China in November 1937), who were the chief and deputy representatives of the CCP to the Comintern in Moscow at that time, successively framed Chen Duxiu as a traitor who received a monthly allowance of 300 yuan from the Japanese detective agency in the Communist Party's organ newspapers, the "National Salvation Times" in Paris, the "Liberation" in Yan'an, and the "Masses" and "Xinhua**" in Wuhan. This statement caused a big uproar at the time, and they asked Zhonggong to come up with evidence. Chen Duxiu also issued a statement to refute it and prepared to go to court. Later, due to the fact that *** did a lot of work, and Xu Teli came forward to mediate, coupled with the tense anti-Japanese war, Wuhan was quickly lost, although the matter did not go to court, but it has not been resolved. As a result, Chen Duxiu did not take off the hat of "traitor" on his head until ......he died

In the 1930s, when Wang Ming and Kang Sheng framed Chen Duxiu as a "traitor" and "traitor", people thought that Mao Zedong did not agree with this. Because, before Wang Ming and Kang Sheng returned from Moscow in November 1937, on April 25, 1936, the CCP ** headed by Mao Zedong issued the "Declaration for the Establishment of the Anti-Japanese People's Line of All Parties and Factions in the Country", in which the list of 40 parties and groups called for included the "Chinese Trotskyist League". In August 1937, when Chen Duxiu was released from prison, the first organ of the Communist Party of China "Liberation" also published "** welcomes and expects Chen Duxiu:" When Mr. Chen Duxiu regained his freedom, everyone was happy for Mr. Chen and hoped for ......(He) revived the spirit of the veteran soldier and joined the ranks of the revolution again. But after the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in September 1938 resolved the issue of Wang Ming's attempt to seize power, Mao Zedong did not dare to offend Stalin and inherited the mantle of Wang Ming framing Chen Duxiu as a "traitor".

In 1979 and 1980, while first justifying Chen Duxiu's May Fourth and the founding of the party, the academic circles boldly questioned the theory of "traitors". The author also published "A New Examination of Old Cases - On the Issue of Wang Ming and Kang Sheng Framing Chen Duxiu as a Traitor" for argumentation. The matter immediately attracted attention. In 1984, Document No. 13 of the Central Propaganda Department, "Notice on Seriously Paying Attention to Preventing Improper Propaganda of Chen Duxiu", finally clearly admitted: "In the thirties, Wang Ming and Kang Sheng falsely accused him of being a traitor to the Japanese, which is not true. In fact, Chen Duxiu's crime of "traitor" was rehabilitated.

The "** theory" is tantamount to a complete rehabilitation of "Chen Duxiu's opportunist theory of the second revolution."

Since Cai Hesen published The Nature and Future of the Chinese Revolution in November 1928, the leaders of the Communist Party of China and almost all mainland scholars regarded Chen Duxiu as an "opportunist second revolutionist", which was caused by two articles published by Chen Duxiu in 1923: "The Revolution of the Bourgeoisie and the Revolutionary Bourgeoisie" and "The Chinese National Revolution and All Social Classes". Because, Chen Duxiu clearly believed in the article: "After the success of the national revolution, under ordinary circumstances, it is naturally the bourgeoisie that holds power. In order to meet the needs of Stalin and the CCP to vilify Chen Duxiu, Cai took this view for granted and concluded that Chen Duxiu advocated a stage of capitalist development between the democratic revolution and the socialist revolution. Since then, mainland scholars have stopped seriously reading the original intention of Chen Duxiu's article, but have deliberately not mentioned that there is another sentence in Chen Duxiu's article immediately after Chen Duxiu's article: If there are special circumstances, "the extent to which the working class can obtain certain political power at that time depends on the extent of the working class's efforts in the revolution and the situation in the world", that is, the October Revolution after the February Revolution ......

After the reform and opening up, the planned economy was changed to a market economy, and at first the market economy was a surname"Society"Or surname"capital", the argument was fierce. ** Say, don't argue about this issue"Crossing the river by feeling the stones", do it first, and then talk about it, so there is"Socialism with Chinese characteristics"。Under these circumstances, in 2001, the CCP** published "A Brief History of the Communist Party of China" to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the founding of the CCP and the new edition "History of the Communist Party of China" (Volume 1) published the following year also stopped criticizing Chen Duxiu"Opportunist theory of the second revolution"Finish.

The new version of Mao Xuan has given up six"Counter-revolutionary crimes"allegations

Chen Duxiu was expelled from the party in 1929 and convicted of being a canceller, anti-dang, anti-gong, anti-Soviet, counter-revolutionary, and traitor, all because he had embarked on the road of integration with the Trotskyists......

The party resolutions all speak in general terms of his turn to the Trotskyists"Objectively""Went to the side of the counter-revolution"。In this way, intimidated by party discipline, no one raised objections. Decades have passed, and this has almost become an ironclad case. An important objective reason for this state of affairs is that from 1929, when Chen Duxiu began to come into contact with the Trotskyists, until his death, his political views, Trotskyist activities, and disputes with the Party were carried out in extreme secrecy among a small number of peopleHis political ideas and some of the most important reports on Trotskyist activities were also published in very small numbers of Trotskyist mimeographed newspapers, pamphlets, leaflets, and personal correspondence. These scarce materials were originally kept in the hands of a small number of Trotskyist cadres who remained on the mainland. However, on December 22, 1952, under the orders of the above, the whole country acted in unison to arrest all the Trotskyists and their sympathizers on the mainland, and then a nationwide campaign was launched, and all materials related to Chen Duxiu and the Trotskyists were thoroughly cleared and kept as top-secret files. As a result, the truth about Chen Duxiu's union with the Trotskyists was also blocked. "wenge"management, out of control, data exposure. In 1980 and 1981, when I was collecting materials from Chen Duxiu's later period, I saw these archives, and finally learned about Chen Duxiu's systematic advocacy and activities from the defeat of the Great Revolution in 1927 to his death in 1942, and at the same time learned about the entire historical process of the Chinese Trotskyism from its emergence among students in Moscow in 1927 to its collapse in 1952.

Subsequently, while using these materials to edit "Chen Duxiu's Later Research Materials", the author wrote "On the Relationship between Chen Duxiu and Trotskyism", which was published in the sixth issue of "Historical Research" in 1981 with a length of more than 30,000 words, which immediately attracted the attention and ...... of the academic circles

After the publication of this article, it aroused strong repercussions from two sides. In 1983, when commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the journal Historical Research, the article won the 1980 and 1983 Outstanding ** Award of the Journal of Historical Research, along with eight other articles.

However, the relevant documents present:"In recent years, some publications have published articles defending Chen Duxiu's mistakes......This is very inappropriate. I hope that all relevant publications will take serious care to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents in the future. "And noted"The case on his expulsion from the party and his Trotskyist activities cannot be overturned, let alone regarded as a figure in the party"。As a result, journals such as Historical Research stopped publishing articles on Chen Duxiu's research for a long time.

Because"He cannot be seen as a party figure"Therefore, among the 632 people in the 1st 50th volume of "Biography of Chinese Historical Figures" edited and published from 1980 to 1991, there is no Chen Duxiu. Chen was the main founder of the party and was re-elected as the party's top leader for five consecutive terms. Although it is not the longest, the number of re-elected terms is the most since the founding of the party.

At that time, the "Party History Materials Series" (1983 Vol. 3) published by the Shanghai People's Publishing House and the "Zhong ** Historical Materials" (1982 No. 2 Edition) edited by the ** Party History Research Office published two internal publications, which published a set of 56 full poems "Golden Powder Tears" written by Chen Duxiu in 1934 in the Kuomintang prison, as well as handwritten ink photocopying and annotations made by the famous scholar Chen Xulu, which were also said"It's inappropriate"。"Chinese Historical Materials" was forced to make a review for this reason. And the whole content of these 56 poems is to criticize the Japanese imperialist aggression and the corruption and crimes of the Kuomintang leading group in a playful and angry manner"Anti-gong"The colors are not ......

However, the academic community continues to follow the path of seeking truth and truth. In 1989, in accordance with the idea of "On the Relationship between Chen Duxiu and the Trotskyists", the author wrote the book "The Biography of Chen Duxiu -- From General Secretary to the Opposition", which was published by the Shanghai People's Publishing House"Counter-revolution"traditional view. In 1993, the Shanghai People's Publishing House published the three-volume Selected Works of Chen Duxiu, which also included 56 poems of "Tears of Gold Powder", as well as letters and articles in Chen's later years. In 1995, Times Literature and Art Publishing House published the most complete collection of Chen Duxiu's Poems, including "Golden Pink Tears", with detailed annotations. Written by the author in the Encyclopedia of China, published in 1989"Chen Duxiu"The entry, as well as the biography of Chen Duxiu written by the author in the 1994 series of "Biography of Outstanding Figures of the Chinese Nation" (10), have canceled the ten hats that the above traditional concepts have given to Chen Buckle. In 1994, in view of the majority of scholars' interest in the"Chen Duxiu cannot be regarded as a figure in the party"The strong opposition and dissatisfaction with this provision was finally put when the 51st 100th volume of the "Biography of Chinese Historical Figures" was published"Chen Duxiu"Listed as the first article.

In this way, the so-called combination of Chen Duxiu and Trotskyists is"Counter-revolution"In the minds of the majority of scholars, the charges have been overturned;So-called"Cancel the pie"with"Revolutionary traitor"and other crimes, nor can they be established.

Advocating a strategic retreat at the low ebb of the revolution cannot be regarded as such"Pessimistic and disappointed about the future of the revolution"；Oppose armed attacks on large cities under the circumstances"First seize power in one or more provinces", and then the ultra-left line that seizes power in the whole country is nothing"Cancel the pie"。Although it is a violation of discipline to speak about the party's system and standpoint, believe in Trotskyism, put forward and adhere to political ideas that are different from those of the party, and set up a small organization of the nature of the opposition, therefore, to enforce party discipline and expel him from the party, others have no right to beak it, Chen Duxiu also confidently admits that this is a fact, but it cannot be said that he is"Counter-revolution"。Therefore, this note of the ** Literature Editing Committee of the Communist Party of China does not mention the so-called again"Cancel the pie""Counter-revolution""Traitor"Crimes. As for the issue of anti-Gong Industry International, it is necessary to analyze the specific problems on a case-by-case basis.

Proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese revolution and the Chinese people, Chen Duxiu opposed this erroneous slogan"Oppose the Kuomintang's policy of misleading the country"and pointed out that no matter how the war broke out, it was fought on Chinese territory, and the victims were the Chinese people. Chen Duxiu's stance and opinion are obviously correct. The controversy over the Middle East Road issue was determined by Chen Duxiu at that time"Anti-dang, anti-Soviet, anti-Gong International"An important basis for his expulsion from the party should now be made clear and justice should be done.

If the skin does not exist, the hair will be attached

An important reason why Chen Duxiu's Trotskyist issue has been so complicated is that Chinese Trotskyism has been deeply branded"Traitors""Counter-revolution"The imprint. Therefore, in order to thoroughly understand this question, it is necessary to find out whether the Chinese Trotskyists are traitors and counter-revolutionaries.

The above-mentioned "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", published in 1951, commented on Mao Zedong"Counter-revolutionary Trotskyists"word, wrote:

The Trotsky clique, originally an anti-Leninist wing of the workers' movement, degenerated into a completely counter-revolutionary gang. In his report to the Plenum of the Communist Party of China in 1937, Comrade Stalin made the following statement on the evolution of this traitor group:"In the past, seven or eight years ago, Trotskyism was one of the ...... such political factions in the working classTrotskyism at the present time is not a political wing of the working class, but a gang of unprincipled and thoughtless assassins, saboteurs, spies, murderers, sworn enemies of the working class employed by foreign detective services. "

This was followed by the words that the Trotskyists were traitors and counter-revolutionaries after the combination of Chen Duxiu and Chen Duxiu. Since the thirties of the twentieth century, until 1991, Chinese Trotskyists have been defined in CCP documents on the basis of Stalin's statement and this commentary reviewed by Mao Zedong"Traitors""Counter-revolution"……

It was in 1988, the year when the Soviet authorities rehabilitated the Soviet Trotskyists, that at the request of Zheng Hui, deputy director of the Party History Research Office and editor-in-chief of the "Chinese Trotskyists", on the basis of the first draft of the 240,000-word "History of Chinese Trotskyism" that had been completed the previous year, I abbreviated about 10,000 words of "A Brief Discussion on Chinese Trotskyism" and published it in the first issue of "Chinese Historical Research" in 1989 ("History of Chinese Trotskyism" was published in Taiwan in 1994). The article cites documents, organ newspapers, leaflets, and pamphlets (most of which are mimeographed) published by the Chinese Trotskyists in those years, introduces the specific history of the Chinese Trotskyists, and actually denies all the above untruths, pointing out that not only the Trotskyists were when Chen Duxiu was the secretary of the Trotskyists"Anti-Japanese and anti-Kuomintang"Moreover, after Chen Duxiu's October 1932 ** and until the collapse of the Kuomintang in 1949, the Chinese Trotskyists were also anti-imperialist and anti-Kuomintang**, and their differences with the CCP were also differences of line within the revolutionary camp (although their line was wrong), not counter-revolutionary.

After the publication of this article, it attracted widespread attention. The Organization Department of the Communist Party of China, the Literature Editing Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Party History Research Office of the Communist Party of China all sent people to learn about the situation from the author. The second edition of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong, published in 1991, compared the Chinese Trotskyists with Mao Zedong in his article "The Tasks of the Communist Party of China in the Anti-Japanese Period"."Our enemies - Japanese imperialism, Chinese traitors, pro-Japanese factions"Put together the statement, made a note:

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Trotskyists advocated anti-Japanese propaganda but attacked the anti-Japanese national united front policy of the Communist Party of China. The equation of the Trotskyists with traitors was due to the erroneous assertion that the Chinese Trotskyists were associated with the Japanese imperialist spy organizations, which was prevalent in the Comintern at that time.

The bell must also be tied to the bell

Chen Duxiu is right-leaning opportunist"The problem is the most complex, so the academic community is the latest to set things right.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the top-secret archives of the Communist Party of China and the Comintern, which had been sealed in the past, were opened one after another. In 1997 and 1998, the systematic archives of the 1920 and 1927 years of the Communist Party and the Comintern guiding the Chinese revolution were translated and introduced to China, which immediately led to a revolution in the study of Chen Duxiu and the Great Revolution in Chinese academic circles. In 1999, Yang Kuisong, a researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, first used these archives to write an article entitled "Chen Duxiu and the Communist International", which was published in the second issue of Modern History Research that year, which was completely denied for the first time"Chen Duxiu is right-leaning opportunist"traditional notions. At this time, the author has also read the published archives, and my mind has been greatly shaken, and I have realized that the past is right"Chen Duxiu is right-leaning opportunist"Research and criticism have been deeply deceived and should be re-studied.

Coincidentally, in March 1999, in order to solicit opinions on the 1923 and 1927 partial revisions of the new edition of the History of the Communist Party of China, the Party History Research Office invited some scholars to hold a symposium for several days. The author was fortunate to be invited to attend the meeting, and at the meeting, he discussed Chen Duxiu's theory of the opportunist second revolution, the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, the Zhongshan ship incident, the three major opportunist concessions on the party affairs sorting case, Wang Chen's manifesto, and the failure to implement the Comintern to save the revolution"Urgent instructions"A series of major issues such as subversive opinions on traditional concepts were put forward, which aroused great interest among experts and scholars on the spot, and everyone had heated discussions and debates. Shi Zhongquan, deputy director of the ** Party History Research Office, who presided over the compilation work, said on the spot:"It is necessary to write Chen Duxiu as a positive character.

Subsequently, in December 1999, in order to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Chen Duxiu's birth, initiated by the Chen Duxiu Research Association, it was held in Beijing on an unprecedented scale in conjunction with 7 units, including the China Central History Society and the Party History Research Office"Chen Duxiu and the Comintern"Academic seminars, at which the archival materials of the Communist Party of China and the Comintern were again promoted. After the meeting, the Social Theory Department of the People's ** Society sent an article written by Yuan Ying, a well-known writer and member of the presidium of the Chinese Writers Association, entitled "Looking at a Cemetery -- Written on the 120th Anniversary of Chen Duxiu's Birth" to defend Chen Duxiu, titled "Chen Duxiu Should Be Written as a Positive Figure" and sent it to leading comrades in all provinces and cities across the country in the form of "Internal Theoretical Dynamics." Historical Research, an authoritative journal of history, published a long article entitled "Re-evaluating the Comintern's Line in Guiding the Chinese Revolution" written by the author....

In the blink of an eye, in 2001, the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, China held a series of grand commemorative activities and published very historical works. Among them, the "History of the Communist Party of China" co-written by the Party History Research Department of the ** Party School of the Communist Party of China organized by famous scholars, as a new party history textbook in the national party school system, has become another abandonment after the "Shanghai History of the Communist Party of China" compiled by the Shanghai Party History Research Office in 1999"Chen Duxiu's right-leaning capitulationist line led to the defeat of the Great Revolution"The definitive work on traditional ideas. The "History of the Communist Party of China" (Volume 1), which has been approved by the Communist Party of China and compiled by the Party History Research Office, absorbs new research results from the academic community and changes the history of the Communist Party of China"In violation of many wise instructions of Stalin's Comintern, the line of right-leaning capitulation was pursued"The reference to the traditional concept acknowledges that:"As a branch of the Comintern, the Communist Party of China is directly under the guidance of the Comintern. The Comintern and its representatives ......They don't really understand the situation in China, and they have given many wrong instructions and come up with some wrong ideas"；"In the face of the intensifying anti-Gong activities of the old and new rightists of the Kuomintang, the Comintern instructed the Chinese Communists to **: If the Communist Party struggles against the new rightists of the Kuomintang, it will inevitably lead to the rupture of relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, so it advocates compromise and retreat. The Comintern delegates in China also adhered to this view. The CCP could only carry out the instructions of the Comintern and let the idea of compromise and concession prevail within the party"。

In the civil sector, Chen Duxiu's research also has a broad foundation and great influence. In March 1989, some scholars in Beijing, Shanghai, Anhui and other places established the first Chen Duxiu Research Association, followed by Anqing, Hefei and Shanghai. Seven national academic seminars on Chen Duxiu were held, which directly contributed to the establishment of the Japanese Chen Duxiu Research Association, and a Chen Duxiu academic seminar attended by Chinese and Japanese scholars was held in Tokyo. Since 1993, under the difficult conditions of lack of funds, the Chen Duxiu Research Society has published three volumes of "Chen Duxiu Research Papers" that reflect the main achievements of Chen Duxiu's research, and since 1993, under the difficult conditions of lack of funds, the journal has not only provided a large number of precious historical materials, but also enabled the timely exchange of research results between Chinese and foreign scholars. All this has vigorously promoted the development of Chen Duxiu's defense work in unjust, false and wrongly decided cases, and expanded the influence of this work in society.

Naturally, there is still a lot of hard work to be done to truly restore Chen Duxiu's original historical appearance and proper historical status. In fact, on this issue, the debate is quite intense, and sometimes even regressive. Some of the party history treatises are also proposed"External causes work through internal causes"Statement, in the negative"Right-leaning capitulationism"At the same time, continue to keep"Right-leaning opportunism"hats. This shows that Chen Duxiu's"Correct the name"It is not yet finished, and comrades still need to work on it.