Underwater surveying is a key step in the planning, design, construction and management of underwater engineering, involving a variety of measurement methods and techniques. This article will explain the whole process of underwater measurement in detail, including preparation, measurement implementation and data processing, so as to help readers better understand and apply underwater measurement technology.
1. Preparations.
Adequate preparation is required before underwater measurements can be made. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the purpose and requirements of the measurement, determine the measurement range and measurement depth. Secondly, it is necessary to choose the right measuring instruments and equipment, including underwater acoustic wave sounder, GPS locator, compass instrument, etc. At the same time, it is also necessary to organize and train the surveyors to ensure the smooth progress of the surveying work.
Second, the implementation of measurement.
1.Positioning measurements.
When making underwater measurements, positioning measurements are first required. Positioning measurement can use GPS positioning, optical positioning, radiopositioning and other methods, depending on the measurement accuracy and range. Among them, GPS positioning is a more commonly used positioning method, which has the advantages of high precision, wide coverage and easy operation.
2.Bathymetry.
Bathymetry is one of the most important aspects of underwater surveying. Through bathymetry, the depth information of the bottom of the water can be obtained, so as to understand the underwater topography and landform. Bathymetry is usually measured with an acoustic sounder. The acoustic sounder calculates the propagation time of the sound wave under water by emitting the sound wave and receiving the echo, so as to obtain the water depth information.
3.Orientation and attitude measurements.
Direction and attitude measurement is an important part of underwater surveying. The position and attitude information of the measuring vessel can be determined by means of orientation and attitude measurements. Among them, the direction measurement can be measured by a compass, and the attitude measurement can be measured by a gyroscope.
3. Data Processing.
Once the underwater measurement is complete, the collected data needs to be processed and analyzed. Data processing mainly includes data screening, data transformation, data modeling and other links. Through the processing and analysis of data, a three-dimensional model of underwater topography and landform can be obtained, which provides reliable data support for underwater engineering planning, design, construction and management.
Fourth, summary. Underwater surveying is one of the key steps in underwater engineering, involving a variety of measurement methods and techniques. This paper analyzes the whole process of underwater measurement in detail, including preparation, measurement implementation and data processing. By understanding the whole process of underwater surveying, we can better apply underwater measurement technology and improve the planning, design, construction and management of underwater engineering.