Magical realismIt is unique to Latin AmericaLiteratureGenre, with its unique style and surreal narrative, has made its mark on the world literary scene. However, magical reality reveals more than thatLiteratureIt is also the "magical" history that really happened in the land of Latin America. Argentina, a power that rivaled the United States in the 20th century, is now in the middle of itEconomyThe quagmire of decay. This hundred yearsEconomyThe ups and downs are a story of glory and downfall.
In the 60s of the 19th century, Argentina decided to take agriculture and animal husbandry as the core development direction. Argentina is blessed with natural conditions, vast land and abundant water systems, making it a paradise for agriculture and animal husbandry. Argentina's agriculture and animal husbandry are booming, and the export rate has increased year after year, becoming the breadbasket of the world. Argentina's per capita GDP has surpassed that of traditional old capitalist countries such as France, Germany, and Italy for 43 consecutive yearsThe rate of economic growthIt is also higher than 6%. Wealthy Argentina began to focus on improving people's livelihoods, building infrastructure such as subways and improving literacy. Argentina became a model of prosperity in South America and is also famous in the world.
However, this magical splendor did not last long. Argentina is in a turbulent period.
1930 yearArgentina has experienced a series of military coups and has been mired in turmoil for more than a decade. Until 1946,JuanVeronComing to power became a **, ending this period of turmoil. VeronDoctrine became ArgentineEconomyPolicy.
VeronismPopulismAs the core, facing a series of problems. ArgentineEconomyHeavily dependent on exports, but due to the effects of the two world wars, Europe, as the main buyer, could no longer afford to import Argentine goods. Argentina is in a critical period of transformation from an agrarian to an industrial one, and new industries are needed to promote itEconomyIncrease. In addition, the national welfare of Argentina is gradually declining, and the discontent of the population is growing.
In order to solve these problems,VeronA number of measures have been taken. First, he promoted the industrialization of Argentina by nationalizing large industrial enterprises and public facilities. Secondly, in order to protect the development of domestic industry,VeronThe entry of foreign capital was restricted, and the import of foreign industrial products was prohibited. He also made great efforts to improve people's welfare, build infrastructure, provide housing for low-income groups, and raise the minimum wage.
However, due to the poor financial situation, in order to maintain large-scale investment and welfare spending,Veronhad to print a lot of money, which led to severe inflation. The people are rightVeron** The discontent is gradually increasingVeronUltimately**.
SuccessionVeronof the leaders are vigorously pushingLiberalismpolicy, turning state-owned enterprises into private enterprises, reducing public spending and increasing taxes. However, these measures have led to:EconomyThe rapid decline has once again aroused popular dissatisfaction.
ArgentineEconomyThe policy has always beenVeronisms andLiberalismThis extreme policy shift has intensifiedEconomyThe instability that has plunged Argentina into oneEconomyThe cycle of decay.
ArgentineEconomyThe problem was further exacerbated in the 90s of the 20th century. In 1991, Argentina introduced a program called "convertibilidad".Monetary policyto fix the exchange rate of the peso to the US dollar at 1 to 1 to stabilize itInflation rate。However, this policy led to Argentina'sIndustrial transformationStagnation,EconomyDevelopment remains dependent on agriculture and animal husbandry and exports. At the same time, the appreciation of the US dollar has had an impact on Argentine exportsEconomyGrowth has stagnated.
In this predicament, in 2001, Argentina erupted severelyEconomyCrisis. CreditCrisis, inflation,Balance sheetProblems such as imbalances erupted at the same time, causing Argentina to be on the verge of bankruptcy. ** Inability to pay both domestic and foreignDebtEconomyCollapse, social unrest.
In response to the crisis, a series of austerity policies were adopted, such as cutting public spending and increasing taxes. However, these measures have been further exacerbatedEconomyThe recession has brought more social discontent and **. Eventually, the suspension was announcedDebtpay, and dismantle the exchange rate of the peso with the dollar, resulting in the pesoCurrency depreciation。ArgentinaEconomyCaught in a vicious circle of deep recession and high inflation.
Argentina has gone from a magical pride toEconomyThe transformation of decay, which is a process full of drama and reversal. Argentina was once a model of prosperity in South America and the breadbasket of the world. However, due to a series of political andEconomyproblem, Argentina fell intoEconomyThe quagmire of decay.
The story is full of itMagical realismelement. ArgentineEconomyGlory and decay are like the reversal between fantasy and reality in magic. At the same time, Argentine'sEconomyThe ups and downs also reflect the "magical" history that really took place in this part of Latin America.
Magical realismNot just oneLiteratureGenre, it is also a critique and revelation of reality. ArgentineEconomyDecay is a reality, and at the same time a magical interpretation of Argentine history and reality. PassedLiteratureworks and artistic expressions, one can understand and think more deeply about ArgentinaEconomyups and downs and social changes, as well as in the context of globalizationEconomyproblems and social contradictions.