Regardless of whether the first field is advocating or declining, new energy storage will be an irresistible trend of the times.
About a few hundred years ago, most of the power needed by humans came from water, wind, and manpower.
After entering the modern industrial civilization, people have learned to use coal, oil, and natural gas to make their own power, and with the development and use of a large number of fossil energy, not only the resource reserves have been greatly reduced, but also the environmental pollution caused by direct combustion of fossil fuels is increasing day by day.
Then, people turned their attention back to the natural world. Wind power generation, solar photovoltaic power generation, and other renewable energy development were born as a result.
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), by the end of 2022, the global renewable energy generation capacity reached 327.2 billion kilowatts, with most of the growth coming from photovoltaics and wind power.
By the end of 2022, China's renewable energy capacity has exceeded 121.3 billion kilowatts, surpassing the installed capacity of traditional thermal power for the first time, of which, China's wind power and photovoltaic capacity is 7600 million kilowatts.
What level? China alone already has more than one-third of the world's installed renewable energy capacityChina has become the largest engine for the growth of renewable energy installed capacity in the world!
In order to achieve the "dual carbon" goal, China's wind and solar power generation capacity is estimated to reach more than 1.2 billion kilowatts by 2030. There is no suspense, and the installed capacity of new energy will continue to grow strongly in the next few years
In the field of renewable energy, China has become a powerhouse in wind and solar power.
In terms of power generation data in 2022, China's renewable energy generation reached 27 trillion kilowatt hours, accounting for 31 percent of the total electricity consumption of the whole society6%, of which wind power and photovoltaic power generation exceeded 1 trillion kWh, reaching 119 trillion kilowatt hours, accounting for 138%。
The wave of new energy transformation is coming, like the warm sunshine at dawn, or like the spring rain falling on the pearl.
The power system has undergone and will continue to undergo profound changes, gradually transitioning to a new power system characterized by a high proportion of new energy and a high proportion of power electronic equipment.
When it comes to this global transformation trend, in the face of such a huge incremental data, of course, there will be some objections, so it seems reasonable. The voices of opposition are nothing more than the long-standing problems of new energy power generation itself and the fact that the consumption situation is still severe.
However, this kind of problem is nothing in the face of solving the energy crisis and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.
Today, there is a strongly related technology that is considered to be the key to breaking the energy transition: new energy storage.
In March 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of New Energy Storage", clarifying that by 2030, new energy storage will be fully market-oriented.
What is the concept? By that time, the new energy storage will basically meet the needs of building a new power system, and will fully support the realization of the carbon peak goal in the energy sector as scheduled!
At the same time, it also means,In the face of the general trend, China is in great need of energy storage! The new energy storage must be completed and broken in less than 10 years!
Momentum: New energy storage is coming to the forefront
5,000 years of civilization gave birth to Chinese characteristics. Energy storage, for China, has a long history, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, there has been a "Lingyin", that is, used to store ice cellars, in the cold winter to chisel ice, ice storage, summer can be taken out to cool down the heat.
Zhou Li" records that "Ling people are in charge of ice (politics), ten years and two months, order to chop ice, three of its Ling", which is the original energy storage method in ancient China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's battery industry was monopolized by foreign countries in 1949. However, after the hard work of several generations of energy storage people, China's energy storage industry is thriving and changing with each passing day!
Especially after the "14th Five-Year Plan" dual carbon strategy was proposed, energy storage has become an important tool of the country and has been strongly supported by the state.
For many years, China's most mature energy storage method is pumped hydro storage. By the end of 2022, the installed capacity of pumped storage in China has reached 1600 million kilowatts, while nearly 200 million kilowatts of pumped storage power stations are carrying out preliminary survey and design work.
It's an exciting thing, but as it progresses on a large scale, the shortcomings are exposed.
Pumped hydro is heavily dependent on geography and can only be built where mountains and hills exist. And the upper and lower reservoirs should be located in close proximity, and there must be a high height difference.
Pumped hydro storage is not only costly to initially build, but also has a long development time. A 1.2 million kilowatt power station usually requires an investment of 6 billion to 8 billion yuan, and the development cycle is as long as 7 years.
After completion, it is usually not adjacent to the load center, and it is often necessary to transmit power over long distances, which increases costs.
It is important to know that in the case of rapid progress in wind and solar construction, the characteristics of high cost and long period determine that pumped storage cannot be matched in time. This is the hidden pain in front of pumped hydro storage!
In this context, after more than ten years of silence, new energy storage has taken off.
The so-called new energy storage refers to other energy storage technologies other than pumped hydro storage, including new lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, compressed air energy storage, mechanical energy storage, etc.
Diversified energy storage technologies have significant advantages in improving the flexibility of the power system, promoting the consumption of new energy, and ensuring the safety of the power grid, which is of great significance for promoting the transformation of China's energy structure and ensuring energy security.
By the end of 2022, 8.7 million kilowatts of new energy storage projects had been put into operation in China, an increase of more than 110% from the end of 2021, with an average energy storage duration of about 21 hour.
Driven by the dual forces of demand growth and technological progress, the application of new energy storage technologies in the power system has developed rapidly.
According to the statistics of the international energy network energy storage headlines, 26 provinces and cities have released the "14th Five-Year Plan" related to new energy storage, and it is initially estimated that 20 provinces and cities will complete a total of 54.85 million kilowatts of installed capacity. This is more than six times the installed capacity last year.
Metamorphosis: Growing through controversy
China's electric power industry began in 1882 (the eighth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty) when the first power generation was installed on Nanjing Road in Shanghai, and it has a history of 141 years.
In such a long history of electric power, there is no doubt that new energy storage is a young man, a very new thing, and it is still in the early stage of commercialization.
The earliest mention was traced back to the 2005 "Renewable Energy Industry Development Guidance Catalogue", which began to involve the strategic layout of the energy storage industry. It was not until 2010 that the development of energy storage was first written into the Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law, stipulating that "power grid enterprises should develop and apply smart grid and energy storage technologies".
Nowadays, energy storage has become the darling of the development of the times. However, due to the shallow development of the industry, many people have begun to worry about the economic and value problems it brings
Among this sentiment, the most influential is the opinion of Liu Jizhen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Academician Liu said clearly, "In the future, energy storage will play a role in the new power system with new energy as the main body, but the role is very limited." He also specifically mentioned that there is a huge disparity between the difficulty of storing electricity, the large amount of electricity flowing and the amount of storage that can be realized.
Being "poured cold water" shows that new energy storage has received widespread attention, and secondly, different voices are also a spur to the industry to a certain extent.
These are all controversies that the industry will inevitably experience when it matures.
In the history of more than 100 years of power development, the development of China's power industry is closely linked to the historical background and characteristics of the times, and the new energy storage at this time is also the call of the development of the times.
China's power industry has overcome all obstacles and completed the transformation from following the trend and striving to catch up, to keeping pace with each other and leading some of the roles.
Nowadays, the development of new energy storage is also experiencing the general historical law of industrial upward movement, from backward to advanced.
In terms of energy storage technology, the key technical indicators such as the cycle life and energy density of lithium-ion batteries have been greatly improved, the cost has decreased rapidly, and other new energy storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage technology have reached the world's leading level.
In terms of energy storage application technology, it has preliminarily mastered key technologies such as energy storage capacity allocation, energy storage power station energy management, and source-grid-load-storage collaborative control, and the core indicators have also reached the international advanced level.
In terms of the industrialization of energy storage equipment, the electrochemical energy storage equipment industry chain including energy storage batteries, battery management systems, power conversion systems, energy management systems, etc. has been preliminarily built, which has been at the international leading level. In terms of technical standards, it has initially established a standard system for power energy storage, successively issued 13 national standards, 35 energy industry standards, more than 140 group standards, and led and participated in 6 IEC and IEEE international standards.
Development in controversy, success in practice. This set of combinations punches down,Our new energy storage has entered a new period of rise
Value Leap: Technological innovation brings about key changes
The new historical development cycle will surely bring a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to the development of energy storage!
At this time, the "supporting role" of new energy storage is not only as simple as "new power system", but also bears the heavy responsibility of empowering the green earth!
After the hard work in the first two stages of "technical verification and demonstration application", the role of energy storage is changingA large network of a new power system is being formed, that is, the integration of "source, grid, load and storage".
For energy storage itself, it means that you must have the ability to reduce social energy costs, improve system efficiency, improve safety and reliability, and improve economy, so as to truly become bigger and stronger.
In this time window of the technology race, we will advance the research and development of the technology and the research on the social impact of new energy storage at the same timeImpressive progress has been made on the power supply side, the grid side, and the user side.
Energy storage on the power supply side refers to the energy storage system installed and connected to the power supply stations such as conventional power plants, wind power stations, and photovoltaic power stations.
The new energy power station is equipped with a certain scale of new energy storage, which not only smooths the output of new energy, reduces curtailment, and reduces the impact on the power grid, but also has the functions of supporting system peak regulation and frequency regulation, and suppressing broadband**.
In the spot market and ancillary service market, the use of joint operation of new energy and energy storage and reasonable strategies can reduce the economic penalties caused by deviation assessment. Especially for photovoltaic power generation, the evening peak output is zero, and energy storage can release part of the output.
In the development process of large bases such as "Shagehuang", energy storage can play an important role in ensuring supply and consumption. The allocation of new energy energy storage has become a major feature of new energy development.
Grid-side energy storage refers to the energy storage system directly connected to the public power grid, which is mainly responsible for ensuring system safety under fault or abnormal operation, improving transmission and distribution efficiency, helping peak regulation and frequency regulation, and improving the level of new energy utilization, and can also partially regulate the line power flow.
At present, there are "one charge and one discharge", "two charge and two discharge", "multiple charge and multiple discharge" and other modes for the peak regulation of the grid-side energy storage participation system, and the specific mode is generally selected according to the needs of local supply and demand balance.
Because the grid-side energy storage power station has the ability to regulate the active power in both directions, the rapid response of the power grid can automatically realize the primary frequency regulation of the regional power grid, and strengthen the ability of the regional power grid to provide emergency support for frequency. Grid-side energy storage can also participate in secondary frequency modulation, which is to use the energy storage power station as the control power source of the grid AGC.
In order to enhance the value of energy storage, in China, there are already Huawei Digital Energy, Sungrow, Kehua Digital Energy, Kelu Electronics, NARI Jibao, TBEA and other enterprisesIt already has the ability to construct grid-based energy storage technology
In other words, it can provide virtual inertia, improve short-circuit capacity, improve system strength, virtual power transmission, and achieve fast response in grid-connected scenarios. It can achieve black start in the microgrid scenario, which can be used for off-grid island microgrid, and can also be used as backup power supply and UPS uninterruptible power supply.
To give a straightforward example, the westernmost point of the Inner Mongolia power grid is the Ejina regional power grid, which bears the responsibility of the whole flag 11460,000 square kilometers, more than 30,000 people production and life power supply tasks. The power supply line is connected to the main network through a single-circuit 440-kilometer 220 kV line, and once the contact line is repaired or fails, the whole banner of Ejina will be without power.
In addition, the area has the characteristics of no conventional synchronous power supply, high proportion of new energy access, double random fluctuation of source and load, and poor power supply reliability.
The installed capacity of wind and solar new energy is 110MW, the maximum load is 70MW, and the average load is 35MW. At the same time, it is equipped with 2The 25MW 25MWh grid-based energy storage with 25 times the overflow capacity is a "source-grid-load-storage" integration project in the true sense.
The results given in the actual operation test are very beautiful! Grid-based energy storage has the ability to support a high proportion of new energy grids.
This project breaks the dependence of traditional power system operation on conventional rotating units, tests the ability of grid-based energy storage to support the frequency construction and voltage construction of wide-area power grids and the grid-connected of new energy, and tests the ability of grid-based energy storage to support the long-term operation of frequency and voltage regulation, frequency stabilization and voltage stabilization of wide-area pure new energy power systems.
At the same time, it also verifies the ability of the grid-based energy storage system to support the pure new energy power system to resist the impact of faults and maintain the stable operation of the system.
The multi-dimensional test shows that we have achieved phased results in the value transformation of energy storage technology.
Let's take a look at user-side energy storage, which refers to the energy storage system built in or adjacent to the user's internal site and connected to the user's internal system, mainly providing users with functions such as peak shaving and valley filling, and integrated operation of optical storage in a market-oriented manner.
At present, reducing energy costs through peak-to-valley arbitrage, reducing demand electricity charges, and participating in demand response is an important driving force for the development of user-side energy storage.
With the continuous advancement of the energy Internet and social and economic development, the upgrading of energy consumption methods and the diversification of energy demand will be another important driving force for the development of long-term user-side energy storage.
In remote or rural areas, the end grid of the distribution network is weak, and the overload is not considered in the planning and design stage, and the rapid "capacity increase" and power quality management of the distribution network area can be realized through mobile energy storage, so as to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network.
There are also some zero-carbon power plants that focus on counties or towns, configure new energy storage to achieve intra-regional consumption of power generation, and coordinate and balance internal energy, effectively reducing the impact and impact of distributed new energy and user loads on the power grid on a regional scale.
It is conceivable that the existence of new energy storage is not limited!
Energy storage headlines get a set of the latest data,Among the national teams, as of the end of October 2023, has 32 second-level units in the energy storage business, with a total of 173 energy storage power stations, * Machine size 4941MW 1178888MWh, the installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage accounts for more than 99%.
The new energy storage will play a very important role in China's construction of the future form of the new power system and the new business format of the energy Internet, which will inevitably affect the quality and efficiency of the energy transition and the clean and efficient development of the power system.
China's power industry is no longer what it used to be, will it be far from new energy storage becoming our real pride?