Theme: The exploits of the five founding ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty and their profound influence on the Qing Dynasty. In the early days of its establishment, the Later Jin regime did not adopt a highly centralized political model of imperial power, but adopted the "Minister of Parliament model" in which the aristocracy participated in politics. The representative figures of this model are the five ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty and the four major Baylors. The five founding ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty included Gualja Fei Yingdong, Niu Hulu Eyidu, Dong E He Heli, Tong Jia Huerhan, and Jueercha An Feiyangu, while the four major beylors were Daishan, Amin, Mang Gurtai, and Huang Taiji, all of whom came from the Aixin Jueluo clan. These five ministers are known as the "Five Founding Ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty", and they have made indelible contributions to the establishment and consolidation of the Later Jin regime, and their achievements are outstanding. Among these five families, the Guerjia clan, the Niu Hulu clan, the Tong Jia clan and the Dong E clan became the powerful royal relatives of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing rulers also gave full recognition to the merits and contributions of the five ministers. The death of these five ministers adds to their praise. Hu Erhan and An Feiyangu died of illness due to overwork, Fei Yingdong and Eyidu died in the war, and He Heli died in the official office. These five ministers dedicated everything to the establishment and stability of the Later Jin regime, showing a spirit of loyalty and dedication.
After Fei Yingdong's death, Nurhachi felt very sad and personally held a wake for him. Huang Taiji posthumously crowned him as a righteous prince and worshiped him in the Taimiao. Emperor Shunzhi posthumously conferred on him the title of third-class duke, and Emperor Kangxi wrote his inscription. Emperor Yongzheng added the title of "Duke of Xinyong", and Emperor Qianlong promoted his prince to a first-class duke, and his descendants were hereditary. Emperor Kangxi called him "the meritorious ministers, the father of a generation". Niu Hulu Eyi died of illness in the army in the first year of the Apocalypse, and Nurhachi and Huang Taiji wept for him many times. Huang Taiji posthumously awarded him the title of Hongyi Gong, and highly praised him: "Loyal and brave to forget himself, have a beginning and an end, open up the territory, and make outstanding contributions." Dong E He Heli died of illness in the fourth year of the Apocalypse, and Nurhachi also personally mourned him and supported the coffin to weep. Huang Taiji posthumously named him a third-class son, and Emperor Shunzhi posthumously praised him as "docile" and made a stone record. Emperor Yongzheng named him "Yongqin". In general, the exploits of the five founding ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty will forever be recorded in the annals of history and played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Later Jin regime and the development of the Qing Dynasty. Their loyalty, dedication, dedication, and spirit of sacrificing life and death are awe-inspiring and have become models for future generations to learn from Xi.
Among Nurhachi's five ministers, Tong Jia Huerhan and Jueercha Anfeiyangu died in the third year of the Apocalypse (1623) and the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620) respectively. In order to express his respect for them, Nurhachi personally went to pay respects, and Emperor Shunzhi also paid tribute to Anfeiyangu and erected a monument to commemorate his exploits. And after He Heli's death, Nurhachi's emotions reached a peak, because it meant that his five ministers had all passed away one after another, which made him feel unacceptable. The death of the five ministers one by one made Nurhachi lose his close friends and comrades-in-arms, and also made him feel irreplaceable losses. He once had a very high opinion of the five ministers, believing that they could encourage loyalty, feudal territory, and always do their best to defeat the royal family. That's why Nurhachi is so upset. In contrast, the fate of the Big Four Baylor will encounter more twists and turns. They are the four sons and nephews appointed by Nurhachi at the beginning of the establishment of the Houjin regime, namely the Great Bel Dai Shan, the Second Bel Amin, the Third Bel Mang Gurtai, and the Fourth Bel Huang Taiji. However, the complete loss of the five ministers made the four Baylors lose the goal of checks and balances, and also made the four of them start to "fight with each other" within themselves. Compared with the five ministers, the ending of the four major Baylors is obviously even more unsatisfactory.
During the Mandate of Heaven, the status and power of the four Baylors were equal. However, in the sixth year of the Apocalypse, Huang Taiji became the second ruler of the Houjin regime with the support of the other three Baylors, and the status of the four Baylors began to diverge, and their fates changed accordingly. Among them, Dai Shan is the only Baylor with a happy ending. During the Huang Taiji period, he chose to support Huang Taiji, and when Huang Taiji "deposed the three major Baylors to discuss national politics", he took the initiative to withdraw from power, so he was able to spend the reign of Huang Taiji safely, live a quiet and glorious life, and was named the hereditary prince. Compared to Daishan, Nurhachi's second son, Daishan, can be said to be a lucky one. Because Huang Taiji finally had to adopt the means of "fighting in the same room", in order to maintain the imperial power, he could only leave a stigma. And the other three Baylor did not end as well as Dai Shan. Aixin Jueluo Amin was ordered by Huang Taiji to be imprisoned because of his unruliness and disobedience to the orders of the above, and finally died of illness in the confinement;Mang Gultai was stripped of his title and demoted to Dorobelle on charges of missing a fighter plane and being disrespectful, and eventually died of depression. He was also involved in the "rebellion case" of Mang Gurtai's sister Mang Guji and was posthumously stripped of his title.
As for his descendants, they were even deprived of their clan qualifications and demoted from yellow belts to red belts. In general, the ending of the five ministers and the three major beylers reflects the different ways in which Nurhachi and Huang Taiji handled the relationship between the monarch and the minister. It is important to emphasize that the Five Ministers and the Four Great Baylors represented the extreme state of "aristocratic politics" in the early Qing Dynasty. In the era of the supremacy of imperial power, this great shift in the form of politics was very important. However, this form did not last long and almost completely disappeared during the Kangxi period. This change in political form is indeed an important historical event, as it marks a major reform of China's political system. During this period, political power was no longer entirely in the hands of the emperor, but was dispersed into the hands of more nobles. However, this system did not last long and disappeared soon after.