The two ruins of "Tantan Dangdang" and "Wanfang Anhe" are located in the west of the Old Summer Palace, and both belong to one of the forty views of the Old Summer Palace. 2002 In 2004, the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics (now the Beijing Municipal Institute of Archaeology) conducted archaeological surveys and excavations on these two sites, and compiled all the archaeological results into the "Tantandangdang, Wanfang'anhe Site Excavation Report" (compiled by the Beijing Institute of Archaeology (Beijing Institute of Cultural Heritage). Beijing: Science Press, 20238）。The book describes in detail the shape and structural characteristics of the "Tantan Dangdang" site complex and the foundation site of the goldfish pond, as well as the main building of the "Wanfang Anhe" site, the foundation site of the "Swastika Zixuan Palace", and summarizes the historical evolution of the two sites, and classifies and dates the unearthed artifacts. In order to fully understand and understand the history of the Old Summer Palace, and further do a good job in the protection of the cultural relics of this large site, it provides a physical reference material with scientific value. 
In 2002, in order to formulate the "Detailed Regulations for the Archaeological Excavation and Protection of the Old Summer Palace Ruins", we carried out archaeological surveys on 30 of the 40 scenic sites of the Old Summer Palace, and the Tantan Dangdang Ruins were included in the survey sites. The archaeological survey of the Tantandangdang site began on March 4 and ended on March 24, 2002. The excavation of the Tantandang ruins,The results are fruitful and there are many bright spotsIt provides an important reference material for a comprehensive understanding and study of the history of the Old Summer Palace, and on this basis, to further understand and investigate the history of the Old Summer Palace, and to better protect and utilize the ruins of the Old Summer Palace. among othersThe structure and use of the goldfish pond site and its Taihu stone rockery were clarifiedThe summary of this article is as follows.
Forty scenes of frank and open.
Tantan is one of the forty views of the Old Summer Palace。It is a garden attraction with the theme of fish raising, fish feeding and fish watching, and is one of the nine islands around the lake. It is connected to the Xinghua Spring Museum in the north, the ancient and modern Ru in the south, and the rockery as the screen in the east, and the shore of the back lake. The plane shape is roughly in the shape of a trowel, about 115 meters long from east to west, about 100 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of about 10,000 square meters. The ground of the site is relatively flat, only in the northeast corner and the west along the lakeshore, leaving artificially stacked low earth hills.
Map of the location of Tantandang, Wanfang'an and ruins.
The ruins of the goldfish pond are located in the northern half of the Tantandangdang ruins. The north side is close to the revetment of the ruins and the Bilan Bridge, the east and west sides are screened by rockeries, and the south side is opposite to the Suxin Hall, the half-acre garden and the main hall of the Huai Hall.
The goldfish pond that remains to this day is the structure of the site after being rebuilt and expanded in the Qianlong period. The overall plan shape is rectangular and consists of three fish ponds in the shape of an inverted "pin". Thing length 6875, north and south width 448 meters, surrounded by granite strips of stone masonry.
Style Lei "Tan Tan Swinging Territory Drawing" drawing.
The National Library of China's Rare Books Collection Style Lei, Row Shelf No. 024-2, drawn about the Qianlong period).
The two fish ponds on the north side are side by side, both are rectangular, the specifications are the same, and after measurement, the inner wall of the pond is 31 long from east to west76, north and south width 1694, deep 302 meters. The one on the west side is located in the northwest in the overall layout of the goldfish pond, commonly known as the northwest pond;The one on the east side is located in the northeast of the overall layout of the goldfish pond, commonly known as the northeast pond.
The plane of the fish pond in the south is in the shape of "concave", the scale is relatively large, its east and west sides are flush with the east and west sides of the northeast pond and the northwest pond in the north, and the total length of the inner wall of the pond is 6924. The width from north to south is 257, deep 302 meters, its size area is more than the area of the Northeast Pond and the Northwest Pond combined. This large fish pond on the south side is commonly known as the South Pond.
In the middle of the three fish ponds, there are five open halls. Between the Northeast Pool and the South Pool, between the Northeast Pool and the Northwest Pool, and between the Northwest Pool and the South Pool, there is also a passage connected with the Guangfeng Jiyue Open Hall.
The goldfish pond has been severely damaged, and the remaining ruins are: Pond Bank;Retaining wall;Rammed soil;Pile timber foundation;Channel;culverts;Northwest corner of the square pavilion site;The remains of the curved ruler-shaped verandah and the square pavilion piles in the northeast corner;Bottom protection;Fish;Taihu Lake stone rockery. A total of 11 items.
甃, pronunciation: zhòu, originally meant to be a wall of a well built with brick, stone or pottery well circles. It is also said to dig wells. Yuku, that is, fish well. In his poem "Twelve Songs of Garden Scenery and Goldfish Pond", Yinzhen has the sentence "The land becomes a swastika, and the water is poured into the fish" (see the Qing Emperor's Imperial Collection, Volume 26, page 296);In the Qing Dynasty's "Southern Tour Ceremony", there is a sentence in the description of Hangzhou's "Yuquan Fish Leap" that "the stone is the pool".
In this archaeological excavation, 6 fish ponds were revealed in the goldfish pond of the Tantan Dangdang site. The goldfish pond has a total of 6 fish ponds, numbered fish 1 6. Around the fish, or on the south or north side, there are rockeries made of Taihu Lake stone and bluestone (bluestone is used in the lower part, Taihu Lake stone is used in the upper part) for the fish to swim and play in it. Number: Taihu Lake Stone Rockery 1 No. 6.
Flat and cross-sectional view of the goldfish pond at the Tantan Dangdang site.
All six of these fish are dug under the bottom of the pond. The wellhead is all made of granite stone masonry, the wall of the well is built with blue bricks and white mortar, and the bottom is surrounded by cypress wood octagonal well frame, and the octagonal cypress well frame is directly located on the sand and gravel layer. As a result, the bottom of each fish is sandy. The diameter of the wellhead is 28～4.25 meters from the wellhead to the bottom of the well depth of 09～1.4 meters. There were springs in the sand layer at the bottom of the well, and spring water continued to emerge upward. Because the sand layer at the bottom of the well is connected with the ground air, the well water is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is conducive to the fish to avoid the cold and heat in the pond.
In the historical documents and related illustrated materials, there has never been a record of a fish in the Tantan Dangdang Goldfish Pond, and no one has ever heard that there are fish in the Tantan Dangdang Goldfish Pond before. It was not until this archaeological excavation that it was discovered that there were originally 6 fish pots in the site, and the structural characteristics, uses and functions of the fish pots were clarified. At the same time, the shape and structure characteristics and functions of the six Taihu Lake stone rockeries built on the top of the fish and matched with the fish are also clarified.
Tantan Dangdang Ruins No. 1 Yuzhen and No. 1 Taihu Lake Stone Rockery, cross-sectional view
No. 1 Fish Pond: It is located on the east side of the No. 2 passage and No. 4 culvert of the Goldfish Pond, and is adjacent to the curved ruler-shaped verandah and the remains of the pile-type square pavilion in the northeast corner of the Goldfish Pond. The opening of the fish is 2 from the surface of the goldfish pond pond shore3 meters. The plane of the fish is round, with a diameter of 28. Deep 135 meters. The mouth of the fish is made of granite step stones chiseled into arcs, and the steps are 07～1.2. Width 04～0.7. The thickness is about 014 meters. Under the step stone is a wall made of green bricks and white plaster, and the size of the green bricks is: 24 cm 115 cm 55 cm. The wall is 111. Thickness 0115 meters. Under the brick wall is a sleeper, which is surrounded by 8 sleepers to form an octagonal sleeper circle that is approximately circular, which is used to strengthen the foundation and prevent the wall from sinking. Sleepers are 155, width 015. Thickness 01 meter. Sleeper rings sit on a sandy bottom. No. 1 Taihu Stone Rockery: Its location is close to the north side of No. 1 Yuzhen, which is the supporting facilities of No. 1 Yuzhen, and is built with Taihu Lake stone. The plane is circular as a whole, with a diameter of 5 meters. Due to the destruction, the rockery is 1About 3 meters. There is a piece at the top that is 1 long9, width 112. Thickness 055 meters of bluestone members;The component is built in the rockery, and there is a stone groove in the middle, and the stone groove is 1 long2. Width 06. Deep 035 meters. There are residual traces of white ash in the trough, and this trough should be a component used to place the sword-shaped mountain stone.
Archaeological remains show that although the six Taihu stone rockeries built on top of the fish are different in appearance and shape, they all have branch waterways in the middle, which is consistent. Among the 6 rockeries, only the No. 1 rockery was destroyed, and the shape of the original branch waterway was not very clear, and the remaining 5 rockeries were originally equipped with branch waterways in the middle. Among them, there are 4 rockeries on 2 5, all of which are equipped with three branch waterways of the three-pronged type;The No. 6 rockery is equipped with four branch waterways of the four-pronged type. Set up a branch waterway in the middle of the rockery, its purpose and functionYes: Fish can be allowed to enter and exit freely between the fish pond, rockery and goldfish pond, creating more and larger activity space for fish;It can allow the fish to take refuge in the branch passage of the fish or rockery in winter and summer, playing the role of keeping out the cold or heat, and providing a more favorable environment and space for the fish to survive and move.
The design and construction of 6 fish ponds and 6 Taihu stone rockeries in the foundation site of the goldfish pond are exquisite in craftsmanship and ingenuity. The middle part is equipped with the open hall of Guangfeng Jiyue Hall, and the northwest pool and the northeast pool are respectively equipped with a group of important core supporting buildings and scenic spot buildings, such as curved ruler-shaped verandahs, square pavilions and pile-type square pavilions. The area of the goldfish pond accounts for half of the total area of the Tantandang site. There is no doubt about itThe Goldfish Pond is obviously the theme building and the core building in the Tantan Dangdang Scenic Area.
Compared with the 1933 Beiping Municipal Public Works Bureau's "Actual Survey of the Situation Map of the Yuanmingyuan Changchun Garden Wanchunyuan Ruins" drawn by the Tangtan Dangdang ruins plan, the archaeological excavation results fill in 23 gaps in this map. The excavation of six cylindrical fish bowls in the goldfish pond is one of the gaps.
This article is excerpted from the "Report on the Excavation of Tantandang, Wanfang'anhe Ruins" (compiled by Beijing Institute of Archaeology (Beijing Institute of Cultural Heritage). Beijing: Science Press, 20238) A book, with deletions and modifications, and the title is added by the editor.
Beijing Cultural Relics and Archaeology Series. Field archaeological report of Beijing Institute of Archaeology;No. 48).
isbn 978-7-03-076162-0
Editor in charge: Wang Lei.
The two ruins of "Tantan Dangdang" and "Wanfang Anhe" are located in the west of the Old Summer Palace, and both belong to one of the forty views of the Old Summer Palace. 2002 In 2004, the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics (now the Beijing Institute of Archaeology) conducted archaeological surveys and excavations at these two sites, and compiled all the archaeological results into this book. The book describes in detail the shape and structural characteristics of the "Tantan Dangdang" site complex and the foundation site of the goldfish pond, as well as the main building of the "Wanfang Anhe" site, the foundation site of the "Swastika Zixuan Palace", and summarizes the historical evolution of the two sites, and classifies and dates the unearthed artifacts. In order to fully understand and understand the history of the Old Summer Palace, and further do a good job in the protection of the cultural relics of this large site, it provides a physical reference material with scientific value.
This book is suitable for researchers engaged in archaeology, ancient architecture, history and other majors, as well as teachers and students of colleges and universities in related majors.
Editor of this article: Liu Sidan).
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