Rong Jinglan.
Ancient poems are the crystallization and essence of China's excellent traditional culture, and the ancient poems selected into the textbooks are all masterpieces that have been tempered and selected from the best. The study of these works will help students improve their proficiency in ancient Chinese and their language and cultural literacy. The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" requires the ability to recite ancient poems, and consciously improve their appreciation and aesthetic taste in the accumulation, perception and application. The teaching of ancient poetry in primary schools is of great significance for students to feel the breadth and profundity of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, enhance cultural confidence and aesthetic taste, and cultivate the emotion of loving the Chinese language and writing. So, how to skillfully teach ancient poems, lead students to understand the connotation of ancient poems and enter the broad and far-reaching excellent traditional Chinese culture?
Read the paintings. Feel the beauty of ancient poetry, language and writing.
Diverse recitation, feel the beauty of the rhythm of ancient poems. Ancient poetry is a model of traditional language art, which has been repeatedly tempered by poets, not only the language is concise, but also rhymed, the rhyme is harmonious, catchy, easy to read and remember, and it is very suitable for primary school students to read. Reading is a common means of teaching ancient poems, through the teacher's model reading, students' self-reading, group cooperative reading, teacher-student reading, teacher's introduction, the whole class reading, competition reading, performance reading and other vivid and lively different forms of recitation, so that students can read repeatedly with frustration and emotion, and "skin to skin" with ancient poems, walk through the poems, chew and chant, and feel the beauty of the rhythm of China's traditional language, so as to understand the content, theme and interest of the article, and achieve the purpose of natural recitation. For example, "Yonghuai of Mountain Village": "One goes to two or three miles, and there are four or five smoke villages." There are six or seven pavilions, ** ten flowers. This ancient poem is very poetic and full of charm, and for students who are new to numbers, it can especially arouse their desire to read, and through various forms of recitation, they can quickly memorize it.
Taste the words and analyze the words, and feel the beauty of the artistic conception of ancient poems. Because the ancients paid great attention to tempering words and sentences in poetry, the language of ancient poetry was concise, beautiful, and the semantics were subtle and profound. There are some poems that lie in a sentence, or even a word. If you can grasp these "poetic eyes" and chew them carefully, you will be able to outline your eyes, activate the whole poem, and teach your interest. For example, "Docking the Boat Guazhou" seems to be simple and straightforward, but in fact it has a profound meaning. In the process of teaching, I first asked with the word "only": Zhongshan and Jingkou are separated by several mountains, why does the poet say "only apart"?Savor the word "only", so that students can experience the poet's strong homesickness. Another example is Jia Dao's repeated study of the wording and consideration of the words "push" and "knock". There are many stories of ancient poetry creation in history, such as "two sentences and three years, one chant and two tears", and it is precisely because of this that many high-quality ancient poems have been tempered.
Painting with poems, feel the beauty of the color of ancient poems. "There are paintings in poems, and there are poems in paintings" is a major feature of ancient Chinese poetry. Therefore, when teaching, students can draw the content of the poem and visualize and concretize the language of the poem. Students learn poetry through painting, and appreciate the aesthetic conception of "poetry is a sound surface, and painting is a silent poem". The poems are transformed into paintings through children's creations, with green grass, fragrant wildflowers, light birds, quaint buildings, clear flowing water, falling dead leaves, and ......The children used the colored pens in their hands to interpret the ancient poems that we are familiar with. Poetry is pleasing to the heart, painting is pleasing to the eye. In this way, in the mutual conversion of pictures and words, students use their hands and brains, which not only enriches the image of poetry and writing, but also strengthens the understanding of ancient poetry and words. Adapting ancient poems into textbook plays, students become directors and actors, and turn poems into scenes according to their own ideas, and in order to write textbook plays, they will use their imagination to transform static language symbols into dynamic situational language. In the process of performing the script, the poetry and painting depicted in the poem are intended to be reproduced in the students' minds, guiding them to enter the artistic conception of the poem and better feel the dynamic beauty of the language and words of ancient poetry.
Appreciate the meaning of poetry.
Understand the philosophical beauty of ancient poetry.
In the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should guide students to analyze and taste the rich content of the poems through the poems, comprehend the strong feelings between the poet's allegorical words, and discover the meaning and implication of the poems from them, and understand the philosophical beauty of the poems. Such as Wang Zhilian's "Climbing the Stork Tower": "The day is at the end of the mountain, and the Yellow River flows into the sea. If you want to be poor, go to the next level. When teaching, let students feel the magnificent scenery of the motherland's thousands of miles of rivers and mountains depicted in the poem, and then guide students to understand the profound philosophy of "only by standing high can we see far" contained in the description of the scenery. There are also ancient poems that are lyrical and emotional, with reason in love and affection in reason. The phrase "mountains and rivers have no way out, and the willows and flowers are bright and another village" tells us that life will not be smooth sailing, and there will be many ups and downs, and only by not giving up can we hope to get out of the haze. Ancient poems have such magic, short words, profound philosophies, influence our lives, help us establish correct values.
Through poetry. Explore traditional Chinese culture and customs.
Through ancient poems, we can walk into the ancient history and lead children to understand the broader ancient culture and customs of our country. For example, the poem "Yuan Ri" selects typical folk customs such as setting off firecrackers, drinking Tusu wine, and changing new peach charms during the Spring Festival, which fully expresses the joyful atmosphere of the New Year in the Song Dynasty. In "Celebrating the New Year", the customs of the New Year are also mentioned: setting off firecrackers, pasting couplets, the family sits together to talk and laugh, eat Chinese New Year's Eve dinner together, keep vigil, and the children put on new clothes, compare and boast to each other, a happy scene. Students were originally more interested in the topic of the Chinese New Year and felt more, so it was easier for them to understand the poems and did not feel so profound. In the Dragon Boat Festival dragon boat race and eating zongzi in "Racing Poem", "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th" tells us the traditional customs of climbing high and planting dogwood.
Boji poems and texts are extended in recitation.
Extended Reading Task. The learning task group proposed in the 2022 version of the new curriculum standard puts forward clear requirements for the content and organization of Chinese courses. Big tasks, big situations, and big projects provide a big stage for students' language learning. When teaching "Silent Night Thoughts", the learning of "moon culture" is taken as the big task, and specific learning projects and tasks are designed, such as the characteristics of moon changes, the formation of lunar eclipses, the moon and religious culture, the moon and poetry culture, anecdotes about moon celebrities, the moon and the personality of gentlemen, etc., to form a learning task group about "moon culture". Through specific sub-tasks, students carry out project-based practice and **, deepen their cognition and understanding of "moon culture" in the task situation and practical experience, and teachers can collect ancient poems about the moon for students to read carefully. In the process of teaching ancient poems, we should seize the opportunity to appropriately extend and expand the reading area and increase the accumulation of ancient poems. For example, after learning "Gift to Wang Lun", Li Bai's farewell poems such as "Sending Meng Haoran to Guangling" and "Sending Friends" are introduced in a timely manner, and students are instructed to read and comprehend, taste and feel different parting feelings and different expressions.
Integrate ancient poems to stimulate interest. Reciting a large number of ancient poems can not only enrich students' language accumulation, but also improve students' humanistic quality. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage students to read a lot in a flexible way. We can consolidate the achievements accumulated by students' recitation through activities such as "One Poem a Week", "Ancient Poetry Ring" and "Flying Flower Order", so that they can continue to experience the sense of accomplishment of accumulating ancient poems and fully feel the fun of memorizing poems.
Integration inside and outside the classroom. The times call for the "big language concept", and the classroom opens a door for students, so that students can move from inside the classroom to outside the classroom, from the classroom to life, and enter a broader world of language. When teaching "Jiang Xue", we take the single article of "Jiang Xue" in class as an example, carry out extracurricular extended learning, and find and read ancient and modern Chinese and foreign poems, songs, and literary works about "Jiang and Xue".Carry out the "Jiang Xue Poetry Recital" and "Flying Flower Competition", and display the extracurricular reading results in class to stimulate students' interest in learning. The integration of in-class and out-of-class activities enriches students' poetry cultivation and implements the cultivation of core Chinese literacy in the context of "big language".
Author's Affiliation: Central Primary School, Chengguan Sub-district Office, Dongming County).