Overview of the construction organization design.
1.Concept of construction organization design.
The construction organization design is a technical, managerial and economic overall document that takes the construction project as the preparation object to plan and guide the whole process of the proposed project bidding, contract signing, construction preparation and completion acceptance.
2.The role of construction organization design.
The role of construction organization design is shown in the figure.
3.Classification of construction organization design.
The classification of construction organization design is shown in Fig.
4.Principles for the preparation of construction organization design.
The principles for the preparation of the construction organization design are shown in the figure.
Second, the general design of the construction organization.
1.The basis for the preparation of the general design of the construction organization.
The basis for the preparation of the general design of the construction organization is shown in the figure.
2.The main content of the general design of the construction organization.
1) Analysis of project overview and characteristics.
1) Project name, nature, scale, construction site, structure type, construction area, deadline requirements, total investment;The amount of installation work, the amount of work in the factory area and the living area;Equipment installation and its model, quantity;Production process and process characteristics;Application of new technologies, materials and complex procedures and other professional design profiles.
2) The requirements of the superior for the construction enterprise, the construction capacity, technical equipment level, management level and the completion of various economic indicators of the enterprise.
3) The situation of the construction, design and supervision of the project and other relevant units.
4) The construction conditions of the construction area, including natural conditions and technical and economic conditions.
2) Construction organization, general design, construction deployment.
1) Make arrangements for the overall construction of the project. First of all, it is necessary to determine the overall goal of the implementation of the project;According to the requirements of the overall goal of the implementation of the project, determine the reasonable procedures for the phased and batch construction of the project;Determine the start and completion time of the unit project;Determine the work plan for the independent or partial delivery of the project;Divide the project construction tasks.
2) Clarify the division and organization of construction tasks. According to the overall goal of the construction of the project, determine the objectives of the construction management organization, establish an effective organizational structure and management model, and formulate a feasible planDivide the engineering tasks of each construction unit, clarify the relationship between the contracting units, establish a unified organization and leadership organization and functional departments on the construction site, clarify the division of labor and cooperation between the units, divide the construction stages, determine the main projects and interspersed projects of each unit in phases and batches, and put forward control objectives and requirements such as quality, construction period and cost.
3) Prepare a construction preparation work plan. According to the construction development procedures and the main project plan, prepare the construction preparation plan of the construction project. Its main contents include technical preparation plan, material preparation plan, on-site preparation plan, human resources preparation plan, and capital preparation plan.
4) Formulation of the overall construction plan. In the general design of the construction organization, the construction plan of some major engineering projects should be formulated. These projects are usually buildings (or structures) that play a key role in the completion of the entire construction project with a large amount of work, difficult construction and long construction period, as well as special sub-projects with a large amount of work and an impact on the overall situation. The purpose is to prepare the technology and resources, but also to carry out the construction smoothly and the reasonable layout of the site. Its content includes determining the engineering quantity, construction method, construction process, construction machinery and equipment, etc. The determination of construction methods should take into account the advanced technology and economic rationality;The construction process requires that the reasonable lap of each type of work and each construction section be taken into account;The selection of construction machinery, should make the performance of the leading machinery not only to meet the needs of the project, but also to play its efficiency, in each project to achieve comprehensive flow operations, reduce the number of dismantling, installation, transportation, auxiliary supporting machinery performance should be adapted to the leading machinery, in order to give full play to the efficiency of the leading machinery. Among them, construction methods and construction machinery and equipment should be focused on organization and arrangement.
5) Determine the project development procedures. According to the requirements of the overall goal of the construction project, determine the reasonable procedures for the construction of the project to be carried out in phases and batches. The main issues that should be considered when determining the construction procedure are shown in the figure.
3) The basic requirements for the preparation of the general construction schedule: to ensure that the proposed project is completed within the specified time limit;Quickly realize the return on investment;Ensure the continuity and balance of construction;Save construction costs.
When compiling the general construction schedule, the projects of each delivery system should be listed separately according to the order of the phased and batch commissioning of the construction projects in the construction deployment, and the specific arrangements for each project should be carried out within the control period.
When the scale of the construction project is not too large, and the project of each delivery system is not very many, it can also be arranged not in the order of phased and batch production, but directly arranged the overall schedule. The specific steps for preparing the general construction schedule are shown in the figure.
4) Resource requirements plan.
1) Comprehensive Labor Requirement Plan. The labor demand plan is the main basis for organizing workers to enter the site, which is mainly used to allocate labor force and arrange living welfare facilities. The comprehensive labor requirement plan should include the following: the division of construction phases (periods);The total amount of labor in each construction stage (period);The name of the professional type of work required for each construction stage (period);According to the general construction schedule of the project, determine the labor demand plan for each construction stage (period).
The method of compilation is to summarize the number of workers required for each construction project listed in the general schedule by type of work, that is, the number of workers required per month (or quarterly, year).
2) The demand plan for main materials, components and semi-finished products. The following should be included: the division of construction phases (periods);The name and type of the main engineering materials and equipment required for each construction stage (period);According to the general construction schedule of the project, determine the main engineering materials and equipment requirements of each construction stage (period). The method of compilation is based on the engineering quantity of each building listed in the summary table of engineering quantities of various types of work, and the requirements of the main materials, components and semi-finished products required by each building are obtained by checking the budget estimation indicatorsThen, according to the general schedule, the requirements for certain materials in a certain quarter are roughly estimated, and the requirements for major materials, components and semi-finished products are prepared.
3) The main construction machinery demand plan. The following should be included: the division of construction phases (periods);The name, model and power of the main construction machinery required for each construction stage (period);According to the general construction schedule of the project, determine the main construction machinery demand plan for each construction stage (period). The preparation method is to determine the construction machinery required according to the type, quantity, and entry time of the construction machinery (such as excavators, cranes, etc.) determined in the construction deployment, construction plan and main project construction methods. Generally, the construction machinery demand plan can be obtained by summarizing the type, quantity and construction date of each construction project in the general construction schedule every day.
4) Funding requirements plan. Before the implementation of the project, only by making a preliminary estimate of the required funds can we make a reasonable plan for the financing and use of funds, balance the supply and demand of funds, reduce financing costs, and improve the efficiency of fund use. Its contents mainly include: ** cash inflow of the project;**Cash outflows from the project;Determine the shortfall or excess of cash for each period.
5) Construction master plan design.
1) The content of the general plan design of the construction is shown in the figure.
2) The principles of the design of the general plan of construction are shown in the figure.
3) The basis for the design of the general plan of the construction is shown in the figure.
4) The main points of the design of the general plan of the construction.
Introduction of off-site transportation.
When designing the general plan of the whole construction site, we should first start from the study of the transportation mode of bulk materials, finished products, semi-finished products, equipment and so on into the construction site. When a large number of materials are transported by water, the use of the original wharf and whether to add a special wharf should be considered firstWhen a large number of materials are transported to the construction site by road, because the automobile route can be flexibly arranged, the warehouse and processing plant in the field are generally arranged first, and then the introduction of off-site traffic is arranged.
Layout of warehouses and material yards.
It is usually considered to be set up in a place that is convenient for transportation, suitable for location, short transportation distance and safe and fireproof, and distinguishes different materials, equipment and transportation methods.
When taking rail transport, warehouses are usually laid out along the railway line and there is a sufficient front line for loading and unloading. If there is not enough loading and unloading front, transshipment warehouses must be set up nearby. When arranging warehouses along the railway, the warehouses should be set up close to the side of the construction site to avoid internal transportation across the railway;At the same time, the warehouse should not be set up outside the curve or on the ramp.
When water transport is used, transshipment warehouses should generally be set up near the wharf to shorten the stay time of the vessel on the wharf.
When road transport is used, the layout of the warehouse is more flexible. Generally, the central warehouse is located on the construction site** or close to the place of use, and can also be arranged at the connection close to external traffic. Sand, stone, cement, lime, timber and other warehouses or storage yards should be arranged near mixing plants, precast yards and wood processing plants;Materials directly used such as bricks, tiles and prefabricated components should be arranged directly near the construction object to avoid secondary handling. Industrial project construction sites should also consider the warehouse (or storage yard) of the main equipment, generally bulky equipment should be placed near the workshop as much as possible, and other equipment warehouses can be arranged on the periphery or other open space.
Processing plant layout.
The layout of various processing plants should be based on the principles of convenience of use, safety and fire prevention, minimal transportation costs, and no impact on the normal construction of decoration and installation projects. Generally, the processing plants should be concentrated in the same area, and most of them are at the edge of the construction site. All kinds of processing plants should be arranged in the same area as the corresponding warehouses or material yards.
Wood processing plants, depending on the workload, processing nature and type of wood processing, decide whether to set up a few temporary processing sheds in a centralized or decentralized manner. Generally, log and sawmill yards are arranged near special railway lines, highways or waterways;Timber processing plants should also be located near these lots;Sawn timber, finished timber, joinery processing and finished product stacking should be arranged according to the technological process.
Mortar mixing plant, for industrial construction sites, can be dispersed and installed near the place of use due to the small amount of mortar and dispersion.
Workshops such as metal structures, forging, welding and mechanics, as they are closely related in production, should be arranged together as much as possible.
Lay out internal transport roads. According to the corresponding location of each processing plant, warehouse and each construction object, determine the cargo transfer map, distinguish the main road and the secondary road, and carry out the road planning. When planning the roads in the factory area, it should be considered: reasonable planning of the construction procedures of temporary roads and underground pipe networks;Ensure smooth transportation;Choose a reasonable pavement structure.
Administrative & Living Temporary Facilities.
Temporary administrative and living facilities include offices, garages, staff lounges, boiling water rooms, kiosks, canteens, clubs, and bathrooms. In order to calculate these temporary facilities and construction area according to the number of workers on the site, the living base or other permanent buildings of the construction unit should be used as much as possible, and the insufficient part should be built separately.
Generally, the administrative room of the whole site should be at the entrance of the whole site to facilitate external communication;It can also be in the middle of the construction site, which is convenient for the whole site management. Welfare facilities for workers should be set up in places where workers are concentrated, or where workers must pass. The living base should be located off-site, 500 1000m away from the construction site. The canteen can be located inside the site or between the site and the living quarters.
Arrangement of temporary water and electricity pipeline networks and other power facilities.
When there is a water source and power supply that can be used, the water and electricity can be connected to the construction site from the outside, and the main pipes and main lines can be arranged along the main road, and then connected to each user. The temporary main substation should be set up at the place where the high-voltage power is introduced, and should not be placed in the center of the construction siteTemporary pools should be placed on higher ground.
When the existing hydropower cannot be used, in order to obtain power supply, temporary power generation equipment should be set up in or near the construction site center, and the main line should be arranged along the main road;In order to obtain water sources, surface water or groundwater can be used, and pumping equipment and pressurization equipment (simple water towers or pressurized pumps) can be installed in order to store water and increase water pressure;Then it is connected from the water pipe and the pipe network is arranged. There are three types of water supply pipe network at the construction site: ring, dendritic and mixed.
According to the fire protection requirements of the project, a fire station should be set up, generally set up near flammable buildings (wood, warehouses, etc.), and with unobstructed exits and fire lanes, the width of which should not be less than 6m, and the distance from the proposed house shall not be greater than 25m, nor less than 5m;;When fire hydrants are arranged along the road, their spacing shall not be greater than 100m, and the distance between the fire hydrant and the roadside shall not be greater than 2m.
The above arrangement should be drawn on the general plan using a standard legend, and the scale is generally set to 1:1000 or 1:2000. It should be pointed out that the above-mentioned design steps are not completely separated and carried out in isolation, but are interrelated and mutually restrictive, and need to be comprehensively considered and repeatedly revised before they can be determined. When there are several options, a comparison of options should also be made.
6) Scientific management of the general plan of construction.
1) Establish a unified management system for the general construction plan. Divide the scope of use and management of the general plan, so that the responsibility is assigned to the person, and the location, time and area occupied by materials, components, machinery and other materials are strictly controlled, and it is not allowed to pile up indiscriminately.
2) Implement unified management of public projects such as water sources, power supplies, and transportation. Roads and roads shall not be dug and cut off at will, and buildings and water and electricity lines shall not be demolished without authorization. When the project needs to cut off water, electricity, and circuits, it is necessary to apply, and it can only be carried out after approval.
3) Implement dynamic management of the general layout of the construction. In the layout, when the original plan needs to be changed due to special circumstances or circumstances that have not been received in advance, it should be coordinated according to the actual situation of the site and the unreasonable places should be corrected.
4) Do a good job in the cleaning and maintenance of the site, regularly overhaul various temporary facilities, and clarify the responsible departments and personnel.