Statue of Tao Yuanming. posted a sentence in the circle of friends: Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan.
Someone commented: I really want to be like Tao Yuanming, planting chrysanthemums, watching the sunset, growing vegetables, drinking wine, and writing poems, but I am afraid that I will not be able to live in this life, and I can only regard it as a dream.Seeing this, I chatted with a friend privately and sent him a message: When Tao Yuanming really went back to plant chrysanthemums, he was already forty or fifty years old, and before that, he went out to be an official five times, all because his family was too poor to open the pot, and he had to become an official.
In the poem "Drinking", it says: "In the past, I traveled far away to the corner of the East China Sea. The road is long and windy. Who did this trip?It seems to be driven by hunger. Plunge into the camp and have a little more than enough. I'm afraid this is not a famous plan, and I will return to idleness."The meaning is probably that I used to run around in order to make a living, all because of the pressure of life, devoted myself to the eunuchs, and after a while, I had some money in my hands, and I also felt that I didn't like this kind of life, so I resigned and went home to stay.
So, every time I felt that I couldn't continue my life, I went out to be an official for a few days, and earned a little capital in life, so I resigned and went home.
Every time I think of this, I feel that such Tao Yuanming is very close to us, as if he is an old friend, like many people around him, he will be helpless for life, and he will compromise on life, when he has no money, he will go out to work, earn a little money, and start drinking and composing poems, such Tao Yuanming is not the hermit who is far away from us.
Tao Yuanming is a very "sincere" person, he can be an official for life, and he will resign because he is not happy, he does not pretend, only to be his true self. Although he was also a secular layman when he was young, and in order to live, he had to do things he didn't like again and again, but he went out to be an official, mostly not for himself, but for his family.
Tao Yuanming was born in the Wei and Jin dynasties, it was a chaotic period, when the Cao family was called the emperor, the Sima family was a man with his tail between his legs, and then Sima Yi waited for more than 40 years, and finally waited until the Cao family was no longer good, he didn't do anything, but his son took the throne and became the emperor himself.
During the Wei and Jin dynasties, to put it simply, it was chaos. But at that time, the literati were particularly stylish.
In Chinese history, the more chaotic the period, the more prosperous the culture. This is true of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the same is true of **.
Probably the outside world is in turmoil, so let's find a piece of spiritual peace!
Ji Kang, who struck iron in the Wei and Jin dynasties, was one meter nine tall, and when he was killed, he also played a song of Guangling San, and said after playing that from now on, this song will never be done.Later generations called it Guangling extinction.
The literati of the Wei and Jin dynasties, "true celebrities, self-styled", they walked into the bamboo forest, just like Wang Wei said: sit alone in the secluded grate, play the piano and howl. The world is very chaotic, but the backbone of cultural people is very hard.
Seven sages of the bamboo forest.
In 1927, Mr. Lu Xun proposed a word in an article, called Wei and Jin demeanor, and Tao Yuanming is the representative of Wei and Jin demeanor.
Tao Yuanming doesn't like to be an official, he only likes mountains and rivers, but he is the queen of the wang family, and his great-grandfather Tao Kan is a legendary figure.
At first, Tao Kan was very good at fishing in the village, so he got a fishing county official from the imperial court. Tao Kan likes to read, often hanging books on the horns, but later, he abandoned literature and martial arts, achieved great success, was invincible, had a high military status in the imperial court, and his power was rising day by day.
The image of his great-grandfather had a great influence on Tao Yuanming, and he also had a desire to serve the country as an official in his heart.
He became an official five times and resigned five times, which has become a good story. But the only thing that most people talk about is the last time, when he resigned from the position of Pengze County Commander, and said the words that have been passed down through the ages: I don't bend my waist to the township fist children for five buckets of rice.
When he was a teenager, Tao Yuanming, although he had the ambition of a career, what he really liked was the pastoral life, planting his own land every day, just enough to eat, reading books every day, writing articles when he had time, and reciting poems and songs.
He traveled everywhere, but it was precisely because of these travels that he was tired of the life of the eunuchs, however, Tao Yuanming was the blood of Confucianism in his heart, although he hated it, but he still thought about the Qi family ruling the country and leveling the world.
Although he tried when he was young, he refused to enter the office, probably because he had seen too much intrigue in officialdom and was disgusted in his heart.
Later, one day, in a good mood, he wrote an article "Leisure Fu", which was his dowry to his wife Wang, but later it reached the eyes of Wang Xizhi's son Wang Ningzhi, who greatly appreciated Tao Yuanming's talent.
So, Tao Yuanming's career began with this article, and with his own talent, he got a position in the state sacrificial wine.
Tao Yuanming was hesitant, but in troubled times, sometimes the family is hungry, watching his wife follow him and not living a good life, and then look at his mother, she is also old, it doesn't matter if she suffers, but she can't let her mother and wife suffer with you.
After thinking about it, I decided to go to this state festival bar.
At that time, Tao Yuanming was 29 years old.
But being an official is not a worry-free thing, especially for people like Tao Yuanming, who are not here, it is even more torture.
Not long after becoming an official, he had a conflict with the assassin history at that time.
It didn't take long for Tao Yuanming to stand it, he resigned decisively and went home, feeling that he was still comfortable at home. The reason for his resignation may also be because the official is too young, and he is unwilling to do it, after all, his great-grandfather is so great, and he can't be too shabby to be an official.
Not long after, the state asked him to be the chief bookkeeper again, but Tao Yuanming, who had just come out of the officialdom, how could he agree, he refused.
After resigning and returning home, Tao Yuanming lived a quiet life for a while.
He planned to turn his home into a farming and reading home, studying while ploughing the land, away from the eunuchs and officialdom.
My mother is also getting old, and I and my wife can take good care of the elderly at home and let her live for a long time.
However, how could Tao Yuanming have thought that bad luck would befall his wife.
His wife, Wang, died.
The Wang family entered Tao Yuanming's house a few years ago, and the Tao family was dilapidated at that time, but the Wang family relied on Tao Yuanming's love for Tao Yuanming and the obedience of ancient women, and Tao Yuanming's lips and teeth depended on each other and never gave up.
She takes care of the household and everyone in the house.
Follow the example of the peasant woman in the village and go to the field to farm.
The death of his wife was a huge blow to Tao Yuanming. Looking at the young children, looking at the old mother, what can Tao Yuanming do, in such a troubled world, life is originally a sin, even in a peaceful and prosperous world like this, no one dares to say that life is easy, dare to do the home of cultivating Longmu.
There was no way, he could only go out again to be an official.
Before going out to be an official, he remarried Zhai, after all, the children in the family still need someone to take care of, and the old mother also needs someone to take care of them.
Actually, he doesn't hate being an official, but he hates the kind of officialdom that wants to bow his head and change his style of acting.
Tao Yuanming is a very selfish person, and he regards his personality as more important than anything else.
In the second year of Longan, Tao Yuanming once again became an official.
He heard that Huan Xuan was good, ambitious, and could have a career. It happened that at that time, Sun En rebelled, and Tao Yuanming wanted to follow Huan Xuan and write a book to assess the rebellion, which is the highest ideal of Confucianism, governing the country and leveling the world.
But soon, Tao Yuanming discovered that Huan Xuan was very ambitious, and his goal was not only to pacify the world and suppress the rebellion.
But Tao Yuanming's ideal in his heart was to support the world, not seize the world, he found a reason to resign and go home.
This resignation stayed at home for another two years, and later Huan Xuan rebelled and was assessed by Liu Yu.
Tao Yuanming, who was forced by his livelihood, was sent to the capital at the beginning of the fourth year of Long'an.
A year later, Tao's mother died, Yuanming returned to his home to mourn, and at the end of the three-year period, Yuanming came out again with the concept of "forty unknown, not fearful", and joined the army as the general of the town army, Liu Yu.
At this time, he wanted to show his ambitions for the official, but after he became an official, he still missed the countryside, "his eyes are tired of the river, and his heart is missing the mountains and rivers".
He has lived in officialdom for a long time, and it has been more than ten years since he first came out, and he has already seen through the life of officialdom, and he really has no intention of being nostalgic, so he resigned again and went home.
This time, he made up his mind that he would never be an official again.
However, fate always plays tricks on people, Tao Yuanming, who made up his mind not to be an official anymore, soon had no choice, his family really couldn't hold on, he had no choice but to go out to be an official again, this time he made the Pengze County Order.
The imperial court gave him three hectares of land, and he said: all the sorghum is planted for winemaking, but later his wife tried his best to oppose it, so he had to allocate 50 acres to plant rice.
However, it didn't take long for the county to send inspectors. At that time, a subordinate told Tao Yuanming, "My lord, you have to dress neatly and come to greet them respectfully."
When Tao Yuanming heard this sentence at that time, he said, how can I be a dignified man, how can I bend my waist to the children in the township for five buckets of rice, so he resigned again and lived in seclusion, left the officialdom he didn't like, and since then he has been studying and farming at the same time.
This time, he had only been an official for 83 days, and the sorghum in the field was not yet ripe, so he left.
As he left, he wrote his famous homecoming.
If you return, the countryside will not return.After this departure, he never entered the officialdom again in this life.
That year, he was forty-one years old, and after many years of running around in officialdom, he had long since become tired of his heart. At that time, he finally saw his heart clearly and saw through life.
Back in the countryside, he changed his name to Tao Qian. It means that the potential people will no longer be officials.After returning home this time, he didn't have any thoughts about his career anymore, not disappointed, but really tired of it.
fell into the dust net by mistake and went for thirty years.The first half of my life was constantly changing between career and ploughing, and forty years have passed in a flash, and there are several forty years in my life.
But fortunately, Tao Yuanming finally realized: "Realize the past, and those who know the future can be chased." The past is immutable, and the future can still be pursued.
The days after returning home, although it are hard, but at least it is what I like. He farms, but he is also absent-minded, leaving early and returning late every day, but the weeds are more lush than bean seedlings.
"Morningside is desolate, and he returns with the moon and lotus. The road is narrow and the grass is long, and the evening dew stains my clothes. "Planting beans in the south of the mountain, the grass is full of beans and seedlings".However, Yuanming enjoyed himself, writing poems, farming, and educating his son.
Wrote the famous poem "Blame Son":
The gray hair is covered with temples, and the skin is not solid.In short, the years are long, it is worth waiting, and sometimes when you are tired of farming, you will ask a few people to drink together. When he was drunk, he said to his friends, "I am drunk, and I am going to sleep, so go back."Although there are five boys, it is always difficult to write and write.
Ah Shu is twenty-eight, lazy so there is no match.
A Xuan Xingzhi learns, but does not love literature.
Yongduan is thirteen years old, and he doesn't know six and seven.
Tongzi hangs nine years old, but looks for pears and chestnuts.
His approach, even the farmers in the village couldn't stand it, came to him with a wine jug, and said to him, my lord, you don't belong here, in this world where the world is turbid, why do you want to be high alone, you are wronged, conform to the world.
But Tao Yuanming said: The nature is difficult to change.
What nature?His nature is: he loves the hills and mountains.
Tao Yuanming, who lived in the second half of his life, really lived as Tao Yuanming, picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, and leisurely seeing Nanshan.
When you are drunk, you don't realize that there is me, and you know that things are precious. Lingering fans, there is a deep meaning in the wine.
To live is to live a reckless life. He finally lived as the hermit in our hearts.