Land is an essential element of agricultural production. In recent years, in order to protect the black soil, the "giant panda in the cultivated land", Heilongjiang has continuously optimized agricultural technology and agronomic measures to make the black soil more fertile and build a solid "foundation of Lianfeng".
In 2023, Heilongjiang Province, the "North Warehouse", will continue to contribute to securing China's rice bowl: the total grain output will reach 1,5576.4 billion catties, stable at more than 150 billion catties for 6 consecutive years, to achieve "20 consecutive abundance", ranking first in the country for 14 consecutive years.
The weather is cold and frozen, and the land of the Northeast in December has been covered with thick snow. In the plot of the Longshu Modern Agricultural Farmers' Cooperative in Rocket Town, Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province, a high-horsepower tractor dragged a manure dumping truck roared past, and the fermented black manure was evenly scattered on the white snow in the cultivated land.
In the plot of the Longshu Modern Agricultural Farmers' Professional Cooperative in Rocket Town, Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province, the locomotive is throwing manure. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Teng.
Throwing manure is most suitable for winter operations, and the soil is not afraid of pressure when it is frozen and hard. Chang Gengguo, chairman of the Longshu Modern Agricultural Farmers' Cooperatives, stood on the ground, looked at the locomotive in operation and said that the manure throwing truck needs to be pulled by a high-horsepower locomotive, and the faster the speed, the more evenly it is thrown. Every summer and autumn, the livestock and poultry manure in nearby villages is collected for fermentation, and the use of manure is not only conducive to environmental protection, but also reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer used by the association.
Chang Gengguo said that the association has been planting potatoes with manure instead of chemical fertilizer for four years, and the soil conditions have changed greatly. "It used to be 'Bang Bang hard' when I stepped on it, but now it obviously feels much softer. Chang Gengguo introduced that after the soil becomes soft, the potato growth process is more evenly stressed, and the surface is smoother. ”
Soil erosion seriously threatens the soil fertility of the black soil, and the contour ring sowing of the friendship farm of Beidahuang Group has greatly reduced this threat.
In the past, when it rained heavily, the black soil was washed down the slope along the ditch, and no one wanted to plant anything. In the first management area of Beidahuang Group's Friendship Farm, grower Yu Diandong told reporters that the plot planted now used to be a "three-run" field of running water, fertilizer and soil.
Tang Cao Jiazi, Minister of Agricultural Development of Friendship Farm, introduced that since 2019, Friendship Farm has joined hands with the Northeast Institute of Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to carry out the research and development of "contour ring seeding" technology. "Through modern scientific and technological means, the sowing direction is realized to surround the hillside, conform to the contour line and form an angle with it at the same time, so as to slow down the migration rate of water and fertilizer. Tang Caojiazi said that after several years of practice, it has been found that compared with straight ridges, the "contour ring seeding" technology can reduce soil erosion by more than 30%.
The black soil is not lost, the soil is getting more and more fertile, and the average yield per mu of this land in the past is more than 1,300 catties, and it has exceeded 1,400 catties in recent years. Yu Diandong said.
To protect the black soil, it is also necessary to prevent excessive levels of pesticides in the soil. In Lishu Village, Lifeng Township, Huachuan County, Heilongjiang Province, Sun Zhenhua, the person in charge of the pesticide packaging point, is loading the collected waste pesticide packaging bottles into a small truck. Sun Zhenhua said: "Waste pesticide packaging bottles, bags, cans have a special person to come, once everywhere is the phenomenon of waste pesticide packaging is no longer seen, and there is no longer worry about residual pesticides polluting the black soil." ”
Sun Zhenhua picked up the littered pesticide packaging every time he saw it in the village, "It turned out that many people littered the waste pesticide packaging, but now everyone's awareness of protecting the black soil is gradually improving, and they will take the initiative to send it to me." Sun Zhenhua said that after the waste pesticide packaging is removed, it will be transported to a professional harmless chemical factory for disposal.
It is understood that Huachuan County has built 135 pesticide packaging sites, forming a grid full coverage system of counties, towns and villages, and the rate of waste pesticide packaging is more than 85%. (Reporter Huang Teng, Dong Baosen).