I don't know if you've ever heard of such a saying: ".Useless is a scholar
In ancient times, when the reading test was regarded as a golden rule, why did there be such a sentence?
So then again, who said that?And what is the last sentence of this sentence?
Useless is the source of the scholar", isHuang Jingren, a poet of the Qing Dynasty
Speaking of which, Huang Jingren, who has almost scolded all readers, is actually a very good reader.
Huang Jingren was born in 1749 in Changzhou, Jiangsu, and although he had a tragic childhood and was orphaned at the age of four, he showed an early talent for literatureAt the age of 15, he was already able to write poems and lyrics, is a famous local reading seed.
Later, Huang Jingren was even more because of his solid learning, and the university scholar who first proposed the theory of systematic populationHong Liangji, and known as "Changzhou Shuangjie".
It stands to reason that with Huang Jingren's early performance, he will definitely be a good seedling to study and become an official in the future!
But the truth isHuang Jingren failed to be admitted to the imperial examination in his life
And this poem "Miscellaneous Feelings", which relies on a useless sentence to be a scholar, was written by Huang Jingren, who was named Sun Shan in the 33rd year of Qianlong and lost his name in the imperial examination again, under emotion.
But in fact, there is another sentence in this poem:"Nine out of ten people are a hundred eyes".
What does that mean?
That is to sayNine out of ten people you've met in your life will only give you a white eye
In combination with the second half of the sentence and Huang Jingren's situation when he made this poem, it is really appropriate!
Think about those candidates who are also famous after the college entrance examination, you can understand.
The real meaning of these two poems is actually after the author felt the white eyes of his relatives and friends after his name fell to Sun ShanI feel that if these scholars can't get famous, they will be looked down upon, it is not the so-called uselessness of reading at all.
In fact, although Huang Jingren was not able to become an official in the imperial examination in his life, he still found an official position in the county government by relying on his real talent and learningIt can be regarded as a class leap to some extent
Don't underestimate the county Cheng, although he is only an eight-grade official, but for ordinary people, it is also the existence of the power of life and death.
It's a pity that Huang Jingren seems to really have nothing to do with being an officialNot long after becoming a county minister, he died of illness, aged 34.
In addition, Hong Liangji, who is known as Huang Jingren, has good official luck, when he was 44 years oldSuccessfully entered the company with the first and second place results, and was once very popular with Emperor Jiaqing.
It's a pity that later, when Emperor Jiaqing ordered that everyone could express the pros and cons directly and reform the disadvantages, Hong Liangji immediately stated the present in detail to the emperor's performerThe Qing Dynasty was corrupt, its armaments were loose, and its laws were strictand many other drawbacks.
As a result, Emperor Jiaqing was furious, and almost pushed the truth-telling Lord Hong out of the noon gate and beheaded him.
Fortunately, this emperor is really a soft-hearted lord, in addition to killing and killing Shen happily in this life, he also deals with other ** that is really the statue in the Buddhist temple, pure decoration.
Therefore, Hong Liangji was lucky to save his life, but alsoIt was sent to the Ili Chong Army in Xinjiang
After this change, Hong Liangji no longer had the intention of being an official, and honestly stayed at home for ten years and died.
Alas,One is that he did not meet a talent and died early in his prime, and the other had a stage to show his talents, but he met an emperor who was a pit man.
I really don't know how this pair of Shuangjie would complain about their respective experiences if they met in the Netherworld?
Having said that, I don't know if you've thought about itWhy is it that on the one hand, ancient China admired reading, and on the other hand, there were remarks similar to the uselessness of scholars and the misleading of scholars?
You know, in the Tang Dynasty, there was still a sentence".Rather be a centurion than a scholar"What's the deal!
Here we have to start with China's official election system, or the first-class examination textbook, or the rise and fall of Confucianism.
There are always people who like to think of Confucianism as a representative of traditional Chinese culture, butConfucianism has never represented Chinese traditionEven in the pre-Qin period, Confucianism was not the mainstream.
Why?The reason is simple, becauseConfucianism is too stupid。Lao Tzu said that Confucian scholars always like to pursue ancient rites, which is against the laws of nature.
To be honest, Lao Tzu's words were simply polite, and legalists like Han Feizi pointed out to the pointConfucianism is a group of pests who can only eat the old and have no courage to face change and reality!
Although this is extreme, it is actually true, because if you understand the pre-Qin, then you will find outAmong the 100 pre-Qin periods, it was the Legalists who could govern the country, whether it is the Wei State or the Qin State, or the later Zhao State, their strength is to follow the path of the Legalist to change the law and become strong.
Anyway, no one listened to Confucius.
So what are the characteristics of Legalism?Answer:Really
If the world is not ruled together, the country will be lawless.
The times have changed, so follow the change, don't be very limited by the previous framework, and the Legalists rarely like Confucianism like to set a lofty moral example, to promote the invisible and intangible, all by the education of one mouth.
They like something more tangible and visibleFor example, Shang Ying formulated laws and carried out law popularization work in the Qin State, so that the common people knew what they did to win awards and what things to be punished.
The rules are laid out one by one, and if you violate the law, you don't have to make any sense, and you will be done according to the law.
Of course, if you have made meritorious contributions, then the military merit knighthood system will start, and you will be rewarded for your great merits, and I will not talk about any lofty ideals for you, but I will tell you plainly that it will be beneficial according to my rules.
This is the reason why Qin, the only country that has not been influenced by Confucianism, was able to stand up to the Six Kingdoms
Don't talk about the royal banner of benevolence, righteousness and morality, I just want to ask you, what good can I do if I give you my life?
Of course, some people might sayThe fall of the Qin Dynasty was not because of the brutality of the LegalistsIs it?
I don't want to refute anything in this regard, because the fall of the Qin Dynasty is too big a question, and I can only say that if the Legalists are really that useless, then the Six Kingdoms that were pushed by the Qin Dynasty are even more wasteful?
If Legalism is really the study of calamity, then the kings of the early Western Han Dynasty, whether it is Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, or even Emperor Xuan of the Han DynastyWhy do you still follow the path of Legalism?
Even, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty once issued a letter to the superstitious Confucian prince".Whoever messes with my family in the world will be the prince"Emotion!
Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty was right in his apprehension, and the later Western Han Dynasty was really wrapped up by Confucianism, the sage Wang Mang, who ended his reign in a rather unexpected way.
It's just that after Wang Mang became the emperor, he really carried out a series of reforms in accordance with the political blueprint of Confucianism, and restored the Zhou rites and the Jingtian system that Confucianism never forgot...
Then, I played myself to the ground!
Wang Mang told us with a cruel realityConfucianism, you can do an education, but governing the country is really cheating
Scholars are useless, Confucianism misleads the country, and the best historical experiment has also been obtained.
It's a pity that the vested interests who have mastered the official career by relying on the Confucian classics will not care about this, so they will careConfucianism continued to prevail in the Eastern Han Dynasty, The result is that the Eastern Han Dynasty is really worthy of being called Han?
Needless to say, the Three Kingdoms era that we are familiar withThose Cao Cao and Liu Bei, who were slandered by Confucian scholars, have made some careers, at least able to resist external humiliation.
But after the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, a group of families who relied on Confucian classics to inherit the family butPlayed a chaotic mess through the ages！Once again, the lie of Confucian governance was completely shattered.
Therefore, by the time of the Sui and Tang dynasties, Confucianism was actually no longer welcomed, there was no way, your performance in governing the country before was really bad!
There are still a few successful cases of Legalism, and you Confucianism are all lessons of failure!
But do you think that's the end of it?
It's also helplessMany times we don't choose between good and better, but between bad and worse
Did the feudal rulers realize the disadvantages of Confucianism?
Of course they realized,But they had no better choice
Of course, it's not that there is no choice, but that you don't want to choose. This can be seen from the eight-strand text.
We always say that Baguwen marks the perfection of the imperial examination system, but it is alsoBaguwen ruined the last vitality of Confucianism and the image of scholars in the minds of the Chinese people.
Why?Because the eight-strand text is useless!
Ask a question, there is a lesson for you in the Bagu textHow to govern the peopleThe Learning?
No. Ask again, after reading the eight-strand text, you can knowHow to enrich the country and strengthen the armyIs it?
Not at all!Then what are you taking the Baguwen for?It's just to be an official, but after you become an official through Baguwen, you know what to doHow to be an official
The answer is no.
As a result, if you systematically understand the bureaucracy of the Ming and Qing dynasties, you will be surprised to find that in the Ming and Qing dynasties,Those county orders and prefects with big seals are often empty shelves, and the real work is the small officials below
And the most frightening thing is that this phenomenon is very prevalent not only locallyEven ** is the same
For example, during the Qianlong period, Fukangan, a general who still had a book on his head, went to the household department for reimbursement after winning the battle.
And guess what?The other ** naturally didn't dare to stop this top boss, butThe little official who looked at the treasury insisted on asking Fukangan for a filial piety, and Fukangan has no way to refuse.
Because if you don't meet the requirements of the little official, then you don't want to get a penny from your own household book.
Doesn't that sound a bit magical?
But this is the reality, the Jiaqing Emperor in the previous article once scolded:The ministers of the Manchu Dynasty are all corpses and vegetarians, and those who govern the world are also small officials!
So is a little official a scholar?The answer is no.
After the imperial examination, the little officials were beaten into the lower ninth rate, and they were not worthy of being ranked with the old men who were studying.
And then there was such a strange phenomenonThe officials who thought they were scholars had no administrative ability at all, and completely relied on these small officials who were looked down upon.
In this case, it is understandable that the reader has become a scolding word.