The fertilization time and method of direct seeding rice are crucial to promote the growth and development of rice. Below we will introduce the fertilization time and method of direct seeding rice in detail.
1. Fertilization time.
Basal fertilizer: Before direct seeding rice, basal fertilizer is applied to provide sufficient nutrients for seed germination and seedling growth. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical fertilizers. In general, 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 20-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 10-15 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per mu.
Tillering fertilizer: During the growth process of direct seeding rice, the application of tillering fertilizer can promote the occurrence of tillering and increase the number of panicles per unit area. Generally speaking, tillering fertilizer is applied immediately after the seedlings return to green, and 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied per mu.
Ear fertilizer: The application of ear fertilizer can promote the development of panicle and the formation of grains, and improve yield and quality. Spike fertilizer is generally divided into flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-preserving fertilizer, which are applied in the panicle differentiation stage and spikelet differentiation stage respectively, with 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 5-10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu.
Grain fertilizer: The application of grain fertilizer can prolong the functional period of leaves, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and promote grain filling and maturation. Grain fertilizer is generally applied after rice heading, with 3-5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 5-10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu.
Second, fertilization methods.
Spreading: Spread the fertilizer evenly on the field, and then carry out ploughing or rotary tillage to make the fertilizer and the soil mix thoroughly. This method is suitable for the application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers.
Strip application: Dig a ditch or hole in the field, apply fertilizer into the ditch or hole, and then cover the soil. This method is suitable for the application of chemical fertilizers and can reduce nutrient loss and volatilization.
Spraying: Fertilizer is formulated into a solution and then sprayed on the plant or field surface by a spraying device. This method is suitable for liquid manure or solid manure that needs to be sprayed.
3. Precautions.
The amount of fertilizer should be appropriate: the amount of fertilizer should be reasonably adjusted according to soil fertility, climatic conditions, rice varieties and other factors to avoid excessive fertilization leading to seedling burning and environmental pollution.
Fertilization should be uniform: When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be evenly spread on the field to avoid too much or too little local fertilization, which will affect the growth and development of rice.
Fertilization should be combined with watering: water in time after fertilization to promote nutrient absorption and utilization. At the same time, watering can also regulate soil temperature and humidity, which is beneficial for the growth and development of rice.
Fertilization should pay attention to environmental conditions: fertilization should be avoided under adverse weather conditions such as high temperature and rainfall, so as not to affect fertilizer efficiency and rice growth.
In short, the fertilization time and method of direct seeding rice should be reasonably adjusted according to local climatic conditions, soil fertility, rice varieties and other factors. In the process of fertilization, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate amount, uniformity, and combination of watering to ensure the growth and development of rice and improve the yield and quality.