At 23:59 on December 18, 2023, 6Level 2**. As of 16:00 on December 20, ** has killed 134 people, injured 968 people, and 13 people are missing.
It is one of the main natural disasters that threaten human life and health, and it is neither sudden nor possible. China is located in the world's two major belts - the Eurasian belt and the Pacific Rim belt surrounding, destructive frequently, is one of the most serious disasters in the world, according to relevant statistics, in the past 15 years, China's average annual number of people due to the number of people is about 4,580, resulting in an average annual economic loss of about 13600 million yuan.
There are many factors that can be divided into direct factors and indirect factors. Directness is caused by the collapse of the building, the vast majority of people indoors, some are directly killed by the destruction of components, and some die of suffocation or excessive blood loss for a long time because they cannot be rescued in time. According to statistics, 90% of the personnel are caused by the collapse of the building, so the structure and quality of the building are important factors in determining the number of people.
Indirectness includes panic caused by the warning before it is issued, as well as panic caused by fire, severe cold, infectious diseases, landslides, rolling rocks, mudslides, and sudden illnesses after the occurrence of the alarm. In particular, the mudslides triggered by ** either directly buried buildings or buried villages, causing large-scale human beings**.
In addition, improper shock absorption is also an important factor that causes some unnecessary, the most typical is to jump off the building desperately, the consequences are either death or injury, which is absolutely undesirable shock absorption method. **It can also cause some medical accidents, such as power outages that interrupt key equipment such as respirators to save patients, resulting in the death of patients. Some heart patients are frightened and die, or some diseases are accelerated to death, which is called "related death".
* The time, place, and magnitude of the earthquake are called the "three elements". *The degree of human harm caused by disasters is the result of a combination of these three factors.
According to statistics, in addition to the epicenter in the sea area, no man's land, sparsely populated areas, deserts, swamps and other areas, in the past two decades, China's mainland China, 70 to 7At level 9, the average number of deaths is about 22,665 and the number of injuries is about 22,553, with a ratio of nearly 1 to 16.0 to 6Level 9**, with an average of about 16 deaths and 1,058 injuries each time**, with a fatality ratio of about 1 to 66;5.0 to 5On a level of 9**, an average of about 2 people were killed and 87 injured each time**, with a fatality ratio of about 1 to 44.
The average number of deaths in grade 6 is 8 times that of grade 5, and the average number of deaths in grade 7 is more than 1416 times that of grade 6The average number of injuries in grade 6 is more than 12 times that of grade 5, and the average number of injuries in grade 7 is more than 21 times that of grade 6. It can be seen that the greater the magnitude, the more average **.
Generally speaking, spring and autumn are less harmful than winter and summer, because spring and autumn are less likely to cause epidemics than summer, and although winter is not easy to cause epidemics, due to the cold weather, freezing to death and frostbite can also cause serious injuries.
According to relevant statistics, it was found that in the past 20 years, 70 to 7The time of the earthquake caused by the level 9 ** is mainly at 1 a.m. and 3 a.m., and the number of ** people in these two periods accounts for 95% of the total, followed by 4 p.m., accounting for 3% of the total, and the proportion of other periods is lower;In 60 to 6Among the 9 levels, the highest number of fatalities** occurred at 5 a.m., followed by 6 a.m., with deaths accounting for 0 percent of the total05% and 003%。The most injured** incident occurred at 6 a.m., followed by 11 a.m.
As can be seen from the above data, the largest number of *** people occur between 0 and 6 a.m. This is because during this period, the vast majority of people are resting indoors, and in the case of complete relaxation and defenselessness, personnel are the most vulnerable, so the number of people at night is much greater than the number of people during the day.
The occurrence of grade 5 or above in China's interior is mainly concentrated in the four major provinces and regions in the west, namely Xinjiang, Yunnan, Qinghai and Sichuan, and there are relatively few other provinces. The distribution of intensity and frequency of China's mainland has a tendency to gradually weaken from west to east. In addition, if it occurs in cities and densely populated areas, it will be catastrophic**Occurs in uninhabited areas, sea areas or sparsely populated areas, even if the magnitude is large, there is basically no or **few. In general, the magnitude is large, the average is large, and the magnitude is small, and the average is small.
At present, it is not possible to accurately predict, and the emergency rescue work after the occurrence is particularly important, and the rescuers in the emergency rescue quickly, accurately and as soon as possible arrive at the extreme earthquake area is the premise of the rescue work, because only in this way can the life rescue be carried out in a timely manner, or as soon as possible, as soon as possible, as much as possible to rescue the buried life and reduce the number of personnel.
The data shows that the buried people were rescued within the first day after the earthquake, and the survival rate was 81%;Rescued within the next day, the survival rate was 53%;Rescued on the third day, the survival rate was 367%；Rescued on the fourth day, the survival rate was 19%;Rescued on the fifth day, the survival rate was 74%；Any later time, there is little hope of salvation. These data show that the sooner the rescue is carried out, the more people will be rescued and rescued, especially 72 hours after the earthquake.
Rescuers should quickly and accurately reach the extreme earthquake area, and the usual practice is that the experts and scholars of the rear command department determine the extreme earthquake area according to the data collected by the instrument, the calculation results and the original scientific research results in the area, and then dispatch rescue forces according to the distribution of the extreme earthquake area. However, this practice is easy to convey to the rescue teams in the case of smooth communication, but if the communication is not smooth or even interrupted, it is difficult to send rescue instructions to the rescue teams in time. At this time, it is necessary to assign professional and technical personnel to each team to use some basic geological knowledge to help accurately determine the location of the extreme earthquake area.
The practice of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction shows that no matter whether the forecast is made or not, whether the earthquake fortification is carried out or not, after the occurrence of destructive **, emergency rescue is a necessary action to save lives and reduce disasters. Timely, orderly and efficient emergency rescue has played a vital role in rescuing the victims and stabilizing the society.