A war of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam has created a relaxed external environment, the best international situation in 20 years, and a reform and opening up that has benefited the millennium. However, what many people don't know isThe war of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam is not just
A reference to the 1979 battle, which lasted only 28 days.
On the contrary, this battle is only the beginning of the round war on the Sino-Vietnamese border. In a broad sense, the self-defense and counterattack war against Vietnam actually refers to the decade-long "Sino-Vietnamese border war".
So why did the Sino-Vietnamese border war last so long?Was the self-defense counterattack war against Vietnam really fought in Vietnam?
Sino-Vietnamese border war).
In the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam,The Chinese People's Liberation Army basically annihilated the main force of the Vietnamese army in the north in just 28 days。And this has also caused many people to have the illusion that the Vietnamese army is in fact just a "force blown into the sky", and its actual combat effectiveness is not as strong as the legend says.
But is this really the case?In fact, as early as World War II, the Communist Party of Vietnam had been engaged in guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines with the Japanese army in northern Vietnam for a long time.
And after the end of World War II, the Vietnamese army fought one battle immediately afterWar of Resistance Against France。After France withdrew from Vietnam, the Americans came againVietnam WarIt's here again.
It can be said that the Communist Party of Vietnam is actually a group of small strongmen who cannot be defeated. ArguablyFrom 1930 to 1975, when the Vietnam War ended, Vietnam was almost never peaceful。And the army of the Communist Party of Vietnam is also an army with real combat effectiveness and faith, tempered in iron and blood.
Ho Chi Minh) 45 consecutive years of three wars and one guerrilla war, so to speak, so that three generations of Vietnam have spent their entire lives in war. It can be said that in Vietnam, as long as an adult can actually become a soldier with a gun
And during the entire Sino-Vietnamese border war, the Vietnamese army also caused great trouble to our army.
After the withdrawal of our troops from Vietnam on March 16, 1979, the Vietnamese army was not willing to defeat at all. In the same year, a large number of the main forces of the Vietnamese army began to assemble in the northern regions of Vietnam. andTaking advantage of the fact that our army returned to China to recuperate, it continued to encroach on the southwestern border areas of our country.
The reason for this situation is that the Vietnamese army believes that our army defeated the Vietnamese army only because our army attacked Vietnam by surprise, and at the same time it was clever in the choice of battlefields. If the Vietnamese army goes to war with our army on the southwestern border of our country, especially if it conducts guerrilla warfare, then our army may not be able to withstand the Vietnamese army.
However, our army was not unable to defeat the Vietnamese army in a skirmish, and in 1981, the Battle of Phaka Hill broke outOur army recaptured Phaka Mountain in one fell swoop, and the Vietnamese army counterattacked many times without success. What followed was the Battle of Kulin Mountain, the Vietnamese army lost another mountain, and the Vietnamese army even sent **1 to our army's position in order to recapture this place80,000 shells.
In 1984, our army launched the reconquest of Yinshan and Laoshan, which lasted for five years, and was basically completed in October 1989. The battle between the two mountains is also the most tragic battle in the Sino-Vietnamese border battle since 1979
It can be seen that the strength of the Vietnamese army at that time should not be underestimated, even if our army almost completely packed away the industrial resources of North Vietnam, but the Vietnamese army was still able to take out tens of thousands of shells in the battle of Kulin Mountain.
VisibleBehind the Vietnamese army back then, there was actually the support of "mysterious forces". At the same time, many people will also have a question: Why must our army "harden the village and fight a dumb battle" in the round battle between the two mountains?Why can't we outflank Vietnam and encircle the Vietnamese army in the Liangshan area?
Vietnamese Army) And this matter has to be talked about slowly.
A week before the start of the 1979 war against Vietnam, our country evacuated 300,000 border residents。However, these border residents are not border residents of Guangxi and Yunnan. Rather, they are border residents in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Xinjiang. At that time, these regions were bordered only by two of our neighbors, Mongolia and the Soviet Union, both of which were close allies.
Soviet Army) at the same time,China's four major military regions of Xinjiang, Lanzhou, Beijing, and Shenyang have assembled 30 group armies and are ready for war at any time. You must know that in the self-defense and counterattack war against Vietnam, we only dispatched the strength of nine group armies. So who are our 30 armies in the north defending against?
The answer is simple, the defense is none other than the moody "Red Emperor" Brezhnev and his cluster of red armor.
And the Soviet Union at that time was indeed readyAn army of millions could move south to China at any time, Brezhnev also did not mind recreating the "pomp" of the Manchurian Campaign. At the same time, in the waters of the South China Sea, waves have also begun to rise again. More than 10 ships of the Soviet army have always wandered in the South China Sea.
At the same time, a large number of officers and men of the Soviet Navy began to be stationed in Vietnam, especially in Cam Ranh Bay in southern Vietnam, and the Soviet Navy even far surpassed the South Navy. These naval officers and men are ready to enter the waters of the Beibu Gulf and use missiles to strike China's southern region when the Sino-Vietnamese border war further expands.
And in the Far Eastern Primorsky Naval District, the Soviet marines were also conducting large-scale naval landing exercises. And the targets of these Soviet troops are China's Bohai Bay region, Shandong Peninsula, and Liaodong Peninsula are all within their intended targets, and even the last line of defense in front of the heart of our country, Tianjin, is in danger.
Visible whenWhen Brezhnev was, indeed, ready, while waging the war in Afghanistan, "teach a hard lesson" to China. So what was the reason why the Soviets failed to do so in the end?
Soviet armored forces).
Because at this time, in the South China Sea, it was not only the Soviet Red Navy. The USS Constellation, an aircraft carrier of the US Navy's Pacific Fleet, and its formation, are also in the waters of the South China Sea. WhileThese US navies did not threaten China together with the Soviet Navy, but came to "protect" China.
The "Constellation" even came earlier than the Soviet Navy, as early as 1978, on December 6, the "Constellation" had already arrived in Southeast AsiaThe purpose was to ensure that the Soviet Union would not further expand the Sino-Vietnamese border war。So why were the Americans able to know this in advance?
Because Tang Gong visited Singapore on November 12, 1978, and Tang Gong also had several hours of in-depth exchanges with Lee Kuan Yew, a famous "political broker leader", and the main topics of conversation revolved around the Soviet threat and China's punishment of Vietnam. Therefore, Lee Kuan Yew actually knew for a long time that China's bottom line for Vietnam was Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia.
Constellation).Lee Kuan Yew knew this, which is equivalent to Carter** knowing this. So in December 1978, when Vietnam made a move on the border with Cambodia, the U.S. military was already ready in Southeast Asia. But the only thing Lee Kuan Yew and Carter don't know is when China will do it.
In order to clarify this issue, but also to establish diplomatic relations with China. In February 1979, Carter invited Deng Gong to visit the United States. However, what Carter never expected was thatDeng Gong was waiting for this opportunity.
**Visit Singapore).
In fact, Carter** was quite angry about this, and when he met with Deng Gong, he couldn't help but roar: "Have you really thought about it?"There is a possibility that a world war will break out because of this!”
ButDeng Gong said: "We are not soliciting the opinions of the US side, but in the spirit of friendship, we have notified the US side in advance." ”
Carter could only pinch his nose and admit it, andOrdered that the US Navy must stop the Soviets in the South China Sea。But since we have chosen to ask the Americans for help, we must also respect some of the opinions of the Americans. Carter ** wants us to "discipline" Vietnam for no more than a month, preferably no more than a month, which also objectively limits the scale of the war.
It's not necessarily that we don't want to play a little more comprehensively, a little more perfectly, but only 28 days in time. After 28 days, we will have to withdraw our troops from Vietnam as demanded by the United States, and of course the United States has also demanded that Vietnam withdraw its troops from Cambodia. WhileIf we do not withdraw, then the good diplomatic situation we have established with the West will be in vain.
Carter) So why does the White House demand that we have to withdraw our troops within a month?Is it really because we don't want a world war to break out?Of course notThe Americans knew too well that if they showed their intention to intervene, then the Soviet Union would never be able to directly invade China, as the Cuban Missile Crisis had already demonstrated.
So what exactly are the calculations of the Americans?In fact, the reason is also very simpleIf our army directly and completely takes Vietnam, then it is very likely that the Soviet Union will really give up Vietnam, and it will not continue to aid Vietnam.
However, if Vietnam and our country always maintain a low-intensity war, it will undoubtedly be the most suitable for the United States.
Vietnam will be completely brought down, and our country and the Soviet Union will continue to suffer losses because of this war。The late 70s and early 80s were the peak of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. And at that time, it was still a situation of "the Soviet Union attacking the United States and defending", so the United States needed all forces to help itself lose the Soviet Union, soNaturally, the United States does not want the Sino-Vietnamese border war to end as soon as possible.
**Visit to the United States) Aren't the top leaders of our country aware of this?On the contrary, Deng Gong is too aware of this. If the United States wants our country to go at the pace they envisioned, thenFirst of all, we need to help China economically, and at the same time, we need to open up high-tech fields to China, at least to a certain extent.
Because our country is not South Korea or South Vietnam, we do not need to rely on the United States for our own border conflicts. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, our northern threat has been largely mitigated. Then if the United States still wants us to fight Vietnam, then it must give us benefits.
SoWe can also gain certain benefits by maintaining a low-intensity war against Vietnam, and it is not that we are being used by the United States. And as long as the Soviet Union has not collapsed, then the United States must give us a good face every day. Otherwise, we will not be able to "teach" Vietnam another hard way, and the Soviet Union may not support Vietnam. In fact, the United States has asked us for this matter.
**Visit to the United States) A year before the Soviet Union, the Sino-Vietnamese border war ended. On the one hand, because the Soviet Union was about to collapse, Vietnam lost its biggest supporter. On the other hand, because for all parties,There is no need for this war to continue. Vietnam has also been completely exhausted to the last trace of national strength because of the two-mountain round war, and it is really impossible to get over it if it doesn't stop.
So if we change the perspective and put the perspective on Vietnam again, we will have a question, that isVietnam is already so miserable, why is it still unwilling to take the initiative to cease fighting?
In fact, at that time, Vietnam was already difficult to ride a tigerThe battle between the two mountains is not something that Vietnam can stop when it says stop, otherwise why would Vietnam gradually decline in the Soviet Union and still refuse to stop the war with China. In April 1982, Deng met with Romania's supreme leader, Ceausescu.
At that time, Deng Gong said that there could be a truce between China and Vietnam, butChina has only one condition, and that is that Vietnam must withdraw unconditionally from Cambodia. But Cambodia at that time really didn't mean that Vietnam could withdraw if it said it could withdraw. At that time, Vietnam had already established a puppet regime in Cambodia, and at the same time, due to years of perverse behavior, the Cambodian people already hated the Vietnamese.
If the Vietnamese army withdraws directly, then the Cambodians will even dare to sneak attack the Vietnamese border. On the other hand, at the same time as the battle of the two mountains, the Thai-Vietnamese border war was also going on at the same time. If Vietnam withdraws, Thailand will inevitably follow the example of the Laotian civil war, once again prop up "pro-Thai forces" in Cambodia and then attack Vietnam across the border
So Vietnam can't easily withdraw its troops from Cambodia, and if Vietnam doesn't withdraw its troops, China will really hit you. And at the end of the eighties, the international situation gradually became clearVietnam's "Indochinese dream" is no longer realisticOn the contrary, relations with neighboring countries have gradually recovered. In 1989, the last 200,000 Vietnamese troops withdrew from Cambodia, and the following year, the head-on clash between the two mountains officially ended.
Lee kuan yew. **Decision-making on the inside story of the self-defense counterattack war against Vietnam[J].Friends of Party Members and Cadres, 2008(8):2Self-defense counterattack war against VietnamZhao Yan. What did the Soviet Union do during the war of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam?[j].China Story: Documentary, 2012(12):5