Staphylococcal disease.
Staphylococcal disease is mainly an acute septicamic or chronic infectious disease of chickens caused by Staphylococcus aureus. There are many types of clinical presentations. Chicks tend to show acute sepsis, middle chicks tend to be acute or chronic, and adult chicks tend to be chronic.
Pathogens: Typical staphylococci are round or oval, often single, paired, or grape-shaped, gram-positive. Staphylococci are widely distributed in nature, such as air, soil, water, dust, etc. Staphylococci exist in the feathers, eyes, face, mucous membranes and intestines of poultry, and calcium bacteria are also microorganisms in poultry hatching, breeding and processing environments.
Epidemic characteristics: A variety of birds are sensitive to staphylococcus. Chickens of all ages can be invased, and eggs are susceptible to flocks between 40 and 80 days of age. The occurrence of this disease is mostly related to the injury of **, all factors that can cause skin shield and mucosal damage, such as winged horns, broken beaks, stinging vaccines, mesh spur scratches and sprains, pecks, etc., may be the cause of the disease, and chick umbilical cord infection is also more common. In addition, when the chicken wind is very sad, it is often due to secondary infection, which leads to the outbreak of the disease. Chickens with acute septicaemia mostly die within 1-5 days.
Clinical Symptoms: Chicken necropsy lesions:
1.Some sick chickens only see the inner side of the wings, wing tips, head or tail ** formation of hemorrhage, erosion and inflammatory necrosis of different sizes, the course of the disease is longer, the local dryness is red or dark purple, **
2.The body surface of staphylococcal sepsis chickens is more moist and edema, and the feathers in the corresponding parts are easy to fall off, and they are easy to touch when they are touched. **The color is bluish-purple or dark purple, and some exudate accumulates under the skin, and there is a fluctuating sensation when touched.
3.Incision of the edema site** shows a variable amount of purplish-red fluid under the skin, and the thoracic and abdominal muscles are bleeding and hemolytic.
4.Some sick chickens have no obvious changes, but there are different amounts of red gel-like edema fluid in the chest, abdomen or inner thighs. Some diseased chickens have swollen toes and are black-purple.
5.The liver becomes brittle, with hemorrhagic spots and white bad spots, and this type is the most severe and the loss is greatest. Splenomegaly and hemorrhage, or white bad spots, and liquefaction of the spleen parenchyma in severe cases.
6.Staphylococcal infection in newborn chicks can cause omphalitis due to umbilical cord infection, and they often die within 1-2 days. Pathological changes can be seen in the enlargement of the abdomen, redness and swelling around the umbilical foramen, and red exudate under the skin.
7.Staphylococcal arthritis occurs more often in adult chickens and broiler breeders during the rearing stage, commonly in the tarsal joint. The sick chicken limps or cannot stand, lies on the ground, the joints are swollen and painful, and there is red exudate under the skin.
8.Other types of diseases can also be seen clinically, such as edema dermatitis, thoracic cyst, foot pad swelling, vertebral osteomyelitis, staphylococcal ophthalmitis, etc.
Prevention and control measures:1Pay attention to the ventilation of the poultry house, keep it clean, avoid crowding, and have proper lighting. Disinfect the coop frequently.
2.Eliminate the factors that cause chicken trauma, keep the cage, net, poultry house smooth and flat, and ensure the quality of the litter. The cage should be overhauled frequently to prevent damage to the chicken paw pad.
3.Doing a good job in chicken pox immunization is a drug prevention and control measure for the prevention and control of this disease.
4.Antibiotics have a certain effect on the disease, and those who have the conditions should do a drug susceptibility test and choose sensitive drugs to use.
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