Although the two brothers were born differently, if they meet underground after death, they will definitely be able to see each other at first sight and talk about wine.
After all, these two are too miserable, as a typical example of a negative emperor, they are brought out to criticize every three or five times.
Among them, the story of the 纣 has been interpreted by various tricks in later generations, and even has become a popular IP more than 3,000 years later.
So what is "纣"?Legend has it that the Zhou people gave the last Shang prince Xin's nickname, of course, it is also said that the name was used by Emperor Xin during his lifetime, but it was slowly deteriorated by ugliness in later generations, probably like Qin Hui's "juniper" word.
Shuo Wen Jie Zi quoted the Zhou Dynasty to explain, "Cruel donation is said to be righteous." ”
Lü's Spring and Autumn Meritorious Fame" Henkel lure annotation: "The thief is tired and tired." ”
Cai Yong's "Dictatorship" recorded, "Residual righteousness harms goodness." ”
In short, we can know that "纣" is a big evil.
Why did the Zhou people belittle the king so much?
Although it is a very important aspect of the evil of the king, it is clear that there are also political considerations.
Do you still remember what was engraved on the jade seal of Qin Shi Huang?——Ordered by the sky, both longevity and eternal prosperity".
Similarly, the most important thing for King Wu of Zhou to replace Yin Shang was to obtain the so-called "Mandate of Heaven", otherwise his rule would have no legitimacy, and even if he conquered Shang land by force, it would be useless.
But where does Destiny come from?The Mandate of Heaven is a very magical thing, it cannot be created out of thin air, nor can it be seized by force, only if the original owner is gone, and the Mandate of Heaven will find a new master.
But the destiny is so good, how can people not want it?
There is no way, it can only be said that you misbehaved and violated the way of heaven, although you still want to keep the mandate of heaven, but the mandate of heaven no longer likes you.
Therefore, King Wu said at the pre-war mobilization meeting: "King Yin today is using his woman's words to cut himself off from heaven, so he will be punished by heaven today." ”
Fa Ge said: Your behavior shows that you don't want the mandate of heaven anymore, I just punish you for God!
After the battle of Muye, King Wu said: "Win a greater life, Ge Yin, and be ordered by Tianming." ”
Therefore, we can think that the legitimacy of the Zhou Dynasty is the evil of the king of Zhou.
Therefore, the worse the king is, the more righteous the king of martial arts will be.
In this way, King Su was hacked in the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years. Later, the Zhou Dynasty also died, but the king of Zhou still had to continue to be a target, why?Because Confucianism is prosperous in later generations, Confucianists all regard Zhou Gong as their spiritual ancestors, so can't they continue to be the king of the black dynasty?
King Wu had experienced the sins of several kings when he was mobilized before the war, and he said:
Now the Yin Wang Wei woman is using words, abandoning her ancestors to worship and not answering, and abandoning her family and country;The king's parents and brothers do not need to use it, but the many sins of the Quartet are worshiped or long, and they are believers and envoys, tyrannizing the people and treacherous to the Shang country. Today, I will give the punishment of the heavens. ”
To sum up, it is: the harem interferes in politics, does not worship the ancestors, appoints traitors, and harms the people.
But in the long history of countless faint kings and tyrants, looking at these crimes alone does not seem to be very "outstanding". If it is placed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, if it is simply worse, the evil deeds of King Su are really not enough, and he can't beat Master Liu to the south, and he can't compare to Gao Rengang to the north.
However, Confucius's ** Zigong said a fair word for the king.
Zigong said: "It's not good, it's better to be worse." It is a gentleman who is evil and is indecent, and all the evil in the world is returned. (Analects of Zizhang).
He said that the gang is actually not as bad as people say now, but it has been hacked for a long time, and it has become notorious, and everyone has put the bad things that no one claims on his head, and over time, it will get darker and darker.
Zigong's conclusion is: Let's not be too backward, people can lie flat and rot, but be careful, don't become the worst one at the bottom, otherwise, you will be like the king of Xu, who will inherit a lot of malice that does not belong to you.
This reminds me of the time when I was in the army, there was a comrade-in-arms recruit company who was not honest, the recruit was not allowed to smoke, but he repeatedly violated the precepts, and he could hide and hide during training, running five kilometers, he had to copy a trail, and often implicated us to be punished with him. Gradually, everyone had a very bad impression of him, and then there were some bad things in the company that we didn't know who did it, and we immediately thought that he did it, for example, some people's clothes were missing, and the money in the cabinet was less, and we sometimes wiped the gun in the platoon, and if it was found that the platoon he was in had not wiped the gun when he entered the warehouse, everyone instinctively assumed that he was responsible for wiping the gun.
For another example, in the world of "Family with Children", what objects in the house have been destroyed, do you think that there will probably be no unjust, false and wrongful convictions if Liu Xing is arrested and beaten first?
These are not true, but they are indeed the norm in history and in life.
So, it's okay to be rotten, but don't be the worst one, it's better to be a second fool than a big fool.
It is recorded in the Historical Records:
The emperor is quick to distinguish the disease, and he is very sensitive to smell;The material strength is outstanding, and the hand is fierce beast;Knowing enough to admonish, words enough to disguise wrong;The subordinates are capable, the world is high, and they think that they are all out of their own ranks. ”
It can be seen that the physical fitness of the king should be at the same level as Xiang Yu, and his intelligence can also crush the ministers, but his personality is too arrogant and arrogant.
In Sima Qian's relatively objective description, he was only a monarch who was fond of drinking and prostituting and building buildings, so he levied heavy taxes on the people, and also liked to kill people who disobeyed his will.
But none of this is fatal.
Mencius also said: "He has not been to Wuding for a long time, and his old family has been left behind, and there are still survivors of good governance;There are also micro-sons, micro-zhong, prince bigan, jizi, and glue - all sages - complement each other, so after a long time, they are also lost. Ruler land, it is also there;A people is none other than its ministers. ”
It means that the family background of the king is still very thick, and there are many capable ministers and officials, and it is not easy to destroy him.
But in the end, the king still lost the world.
I think the most important reason is that the king is too stupid and naïve, and he really thinks that he is the true son of heaven and the destiny of heaven.
Regarding the Mandate of Heaven, he actually believed it really!
When King Wen of Zhou was working quickly in the Great Northwest, King Zhou was not unaware, as mentioned above, he was assisted by many capable ministers.
A minister named Zui told King Wen of Zhou about the hidden danger, but King Zhou was so confident:
Isn't there a destiny??What can you do?”
I am the Son of Heaven, the destiny is with me, what else can he do?I have taken good care of the widow's ancestral Jiuding.
As mentioned earlier, the king of the Ring is extremely intelligent, can speak well, and those who have fought verbal battles know that if you want to become the king of the mouth cannon, one must be good at logic, and the other must have a strong knowledge reserve. Then the king of the Emperor must be clear about the history of his ancestors, and he should have a clear understanding of his behavior: Our ancestors have lived a lot of absurdity, although I am very bad, but with the protection of the mandate of heaven, I will not die of the country.
He didn't believe that Zhou could subvert himself at all, and he didn't see Ji Chang as an opponent at all.
To be honest, the king almost got past it, if it weren't for Jiang Ziya.
It is recorded in the history books: "Kill the prince Bigan and imprison the basket." King Wu will cut down, Bu turtle omen, unlucky, wind and rain. The princes were afraid, but the prince persuaded the king of martial arts, and the king of martial arts followed. ”
When King Wu was fighting, the divination showed bad luck, and the celestial phenomena were different, and King Wu, who also believed in the Mandate of Heaven, had basically given up, and it was Jiang Ziya who forcibly put King Wu on the chariot.
Oh, it turns out that wise men don't believe in Destiny, and they even play with the so-called Destiny.
If you stand in the perspective of the king, I have to sigh: This bad old man is very bad!
Many years later, Zhu Di, who was named Jing Nan and was actually a rebel, also encountered the same situation as King Wu, and almost had the same reaction as King Wu, and was almost put on the chariot like King Wu.
The History of the Ming Dynasty contains: "Cheng Zu then decided to raise troops. Suitable for the wind and rain, the eaves and tiles fell to the ground, and the ancestors changed color. Dao Yan said: "Xiangye. Flying dragon in the sky, from the wind and rain. Tile falls, will be easy to yellow also. 'The soldiers rose, in the name of Zhu Qitai and Huang Zicheng, and called the division of the people's troubles. ’”
Ming Chengzu Zhu Di decided to raise troops. coincided with the sudden arrival of the wind and rain, and the tiles on the roof fell to the ground, and Chengzu saw this color change. Dao Yan said: "This is an auspicious omen. The flying dragon is in the sky, and the wind and rain follow. The tile fell to the ground, which means that it will be replaced with yellow. Only then did Chengzu raise an army, in the name of killing Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, and his army was known as the "Division of Jingjing".
Dao Yan, that is, Yao Guangxiao, the black-clothed prime minister, like Jiang Ziya, is also a top master who plays with the destiny of heaven and manipulates people's hearts.
* What is the destiny of heaven, this emperor's surname is Zhu, and our fourth child is also surnamed Zhu, first kill to Nanjing, take the bird position, and then slowly discuss this destiny with God.
Therefore, we can say that King Su lost to Jiang Ziya, and Jianwen lost to Yao Guangxiao.
Jun is not seen, King Wu won the country, and Jiang Ziya was the first to be sealed;Yongle **, the first is Yao Guangxiao.