Step 1: Determine the package production to the household
China's reform began first in the rural areas, and it was also the first in the rural areas to make breakthroughs. Among them, one of the most important measures is the implementation of the "household contract responsibility system" in the rural areas, which is gradually implemented and is also a great creation that belongs to the peasants of our country alone.
Specifically, it is a form of responsibility system in which peasant families are the basic units and contract land to villages or groups for agricultural production. This format can mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and is very flexible.
As a matter of fact, as early as the late 50s and early 60s, the agricultural production responsibility system of "guaranteeing production to households" appeared in some rural areas, but unfortunately the "life expectancy" was very short, and it came to an abrupt end before it could play a role.
In 1958, after the emergence of the people's commune, it gradually became the mainstream, and this form of unified management and management completely deprived the vast number of peasants of their enthusiasm and initiative.
As a result, agricultural output has not only failed to rise, but has also been declining year by year. So much so that by 1978, there were still more than 100 million people in the country who did not have enough to eat. Many farmers are anxious to change this situation, especially in Anhui and Sichuan.
On November 24, 1978, that night, in Xiaogang Village, Pineapple Commune, Fengyang, Anhui Province, 18 peasants who had been tortured by famine broke into a "forbidden area" in a dilapidated and low thatched house. These 18 peasants secretly convened a meeting to determine the lump sum guarantee, which is mainly to try out the "package production to households" and "package production to groups."
This move seems to us to be a very trivial matter, but in 1978, it can be said to be an act of "defying the world's condemnation".
In October 1979, Xiaogang Village was freed from hunger, and piles of golden shovels of grain were drying on the threshing floor. According to statistics, the total grain output of Xiaogang Village reached 66 tons that year. How impressive is that? These 66 tons are equivalent to the total grain output of Xiaogang Village in the five years from 1966 to 1970!
After the secret of Xiaogang Village was spread, it also caused a lot of heated discussions, but Xiaogang Village withstood the huge pressure and survived. It was Xiaogang Village that withstood the pressure and completed its food self-sufficiency in 1979, and also handed over public grain to the state for the first time, which was something that Xiaogang Village never dreamed of.
In the face of tremendous practical achievements, it only took one year for Xiaogang Village to undergo earth-shaking changes, which also stimulated other areas. All of a sudden, Xiaogang Village has also become a model demonstration area of agriculture in the country, and many places have followed suit, and while arousing heated discussions, the "breakthrough" has also begun in the countryside.
When the "package production to the household" was faced with many obstacles, he stood up and made an important speech on May 31, 1980, supporting the "package production to the household".
At the critical moment of choosing at the crossroads, Deng Gong's conversation broke the inherent rigid concepts of some people, and they also began to think about it.
When a lot of achievements have been made, it is time to give it a "name".
On January 1, 1982, a document was officially issued, affirming the "double package system" and promoting it throughout the country.
Step 2: The vigorous development of township enterprises
With the widespread implementation of the household responsibility system, a large number of rural surplus labor force has also appeared, and therefore, it has also laid a labor foundation for the emergence of township and town enterprises.
In order to further invigorate the rural economy, in January 1985, China issued the "Ten Policies on Further Invigorating the Rural Economy." The promulgation of this policy marked the second step in the reform of the rural areas.
The main content of these 10 policies, in a word, is to speed up the development of the rural commodity economy, especially to readjust the economic and industrial structure of the rural areas. For example, the 30-year-old system of unified purchase and distribution of agricultural and sideline products has been abolished, and the control over agricultural products has been gradually relaxed, and big guys can trade freely.
In addition, there is another major change, that is, the agricultural tax has been changed from the previous tax in kind to a cash tax.
Objectively speaking, these ten policies have greatly promoted the transformation of the rural economy, that is, from self-sufficiency to socialization and commercialization.
In the process of this transformation, the emergence of rural enterprises is a great harvest that was completely unanticipated in the rural reform. Let's put it this way, the state was also crossing the river by feeling the stones at that time, and it did not expect that the economic model of township enterprises would appear in the countryside.
Deng Gong frankly said that the "township enterprises" that have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain have invigorated the rural commodity economy, and this is not the credit of the state or the idea of the leaders, but the creation of the masses themselves.