Overview of whole-process cost control in construction project management.
The whole process of cost control is in the process of project implementation, for the whole project construction process for reasonable control, the staff should be familiar with all aspects of the project and the specific cost, the use of certain control methods to promote the project cost can be controlled within a reasonable range, and to ensure that the resources can be used to the greatest extent. In the process of carrying out the whole process of cost monitoring, the staff must strictly implement the relevant system standards, strictly implement the management of each link, the whole process of construction project cost control will have a certain deviation, if there is a mistake in any of the links, then it will have an impact on the follow-up work. Therefore, these problems must be avoided from the project decision-making stage to ensure that the cost control of the whole process can be effectively controlled.
The importance of whole-process cost management in construction projects.
The scale of the construction project is huge, the structure is complex, the capital occupancy rate is high, and it takes a long time span to complete, in the traditional cost control mode, it is difficult to fully consider the factors affecting the funds, and the situation that the cost exceeds the budget occurs frequently, resulting in a large amount of waste of funds, which is very unfavorable to the development of construction enterprises.
The application of the whole process cost control mode effectively makes up for the one-sided defects in the traditional cost control model, and accurately controls the use of funds to reduce the adverse effects in the process of capital use. The biggest role of the whole process cost control mode is to ensure that the capital investment is minimized within a reasonable range without affecting the quality of the construction project, greatly improve the income of the enterprise, reduce the actual cost of the project, and prevent the occurrence of the problem of cost exceeding the budget.
In recent years, with the increase of construction enterprises, enterprises have paid more and more attention to construction costs, and the whole process of cost control is based on this industry background and emerged a comprehensive cost control model. The use of this cost control mode will not have any impact on the function and quality of the construction project, and may improve the functional role of the construction project, maximize the utilization of resources, and reduce the waste of various resources. Nowadays, the whole process cost control mode has been widely used in the field of construction in our country, which is of great significance to the development of the industry.
Problems existing in the whole process cost management of construction projects.
1] The decision-making stage of construction projects is not scientific enough.
In construction projects, the decision-making scheme is the key link of the whole project to determine the main stage of the overall project total cost, so the decision-making scheme also affects the cost management objectives of the whole project to a certain extent, including the overall schedule of the project, the determination of the construction quality management cost and the maximum benefits. However, through the investigation and comparison of different projects, it can be found that many projects have unreasonable management objectives, resulting in more costs and more materials consumed in the process of project implementation. In addition, the budget submitted by the design unit usually pays too much attention to its own work experience, and ignores the law of market change, which ultimately causes the cost to be set with a certain blindness, making the decision-making stage of the entire project not scientific.
2] The main problems existing in the design stage of construction projects.
1) Heavy design, light economy. After years of project development practice in China, the design and planning stage has the greatest impact on the project cost, and the project design time accounts for one-third of the total development time, but its impact on the project cost is as high as seventy percent. Therefore, it is very important to control costs in the design stage, and the key to the success or failure of investment control lies in the design stage. Some design units still have the idea of emphasizing design and ignoring economy, one-sidedly pursuing design standards, and not systematically considering economy. In fact, when the design drawings are completed, some technical problems and cost problems are difficult to solve.
2) Lack of communication. The construction unit, design unit, construction unit, supervision unit, and other related units of the project usually come from different teams, in the implementation process of some engineering projects, due to the lack of effective communication, there is a certain gap between the design concept and the construction status, which ultimately causes the design effect to be unsatisfactory, the scale and cost of the project continue to increase.
3] Problems arising from the construction of the project.
Because of the characteristics of long construction period and large environmental impact, there are many uncontrollable factors such as the number of construction personnel, the status of machinery and equipment, and construction materials in this stage, so engineering construction has become the most difficult part of project cost management.
In order to reduce labor costs, some enterprises temporarily employ unqualified construction personnel, resulting in quality problems in the construction process, which may lead to rework in serious cases, which will affect the overall construction progress and affect the project cost; Problems such as the lack of detailed interpretation of drawings, chaotic construction processes, and unreasonable operation arrangements will also seriously affect the progress of the project during the construction process.
When there are problems such as construction changes, the supervisors fail to communicate in a timely manner, resulting in problems in construction quality, construction period and cost, which will invisibly increase the cost of construction and increase the difficulty of management.
In addition, the problem of construction materials and transportation costs will also have an impact on the cost of the project.
4] Problems in the completion of construction projects.
The completion of construction projects mainly includes the inspection and confirmation of the project quality and project effect, which is an important part of the high-quality delivery of construction projects. Many construction units lack attention to this link, which increases the complexity of project cost control. In addition, the completion statement of the construction unit generally has the phenomenon of fraudulent overcalculation, high set of fixed unit price, high set of fee standards, etc., to increase the project cost, which in turn makes the highest cost. In order to obtain higher project profits, some construction units will adopt the method of falsely reporting the project value and the required funds, which seriously restricts the high-quality and high-quantity development of the whole process of civil engineering cost control.
Effective measures to carry out the whole process of cost control in construction projects.
1] Project decision-making stage.
Whether a project can be carried out smoothly and completed, it takes a lot of preliminary time, funds and energy to demonstrate its feasibility, which requires in-depth research on the economic benefits, social impact, technical means and other aspects involved in the project, and also requires scientific and reasonable evaluation of the target cost of the project and the economic benefits of the enterprise after completion, and conducts a comprehensive assessment from the technical level, economic level, construction feasibility and other aspects, formulates a number of implementation plans in advance, and compares and demonstrates with each other. Integrate practical factors to select the most suitable engineering project and investment plan.
In view of the complexity of construction project cost management, in the project decision-making stage should be entrusted to a professional cost budget unit, more involved in the feasibility study stage, in the investment estimation and determination, investment benefit calculation, it is necessary to combine the project positioning, project management needs and other factors, so as to fully consider the comprehensive balance of project construction cost and project operating costs from the perspective of value engineering, etc., to provide good support and basis for the project plan to be selected and determined, and this stage should solve the needs of the owner. Use functional requirements and investment estimates to match the risk.
2] Survey and design, bidding and management.
1) Solve the problem that designers only bear technical responsibilities and do not bear economic responsibilities under the traditional design management mode, select the design unit through the quota design bidding, put forward the quota design requirements for the design unit, and avoid the risk of overestimation of the design budget estimate and design quality defects.
2) the implementation of the design of the general contractor: for the professional (such as steel structure, curtain wall, intelligent, fine decoration, etc.), the implementation of special design to deepen, the special design can be subcontracted by the general contractor, which is more conducive to the design of the general contractor of the advantages, when necessary to organize experts, hire professional design for review, optimization, coupled with the requirements of the limit design, can increase the pressure and motivation of the design general contractor, from the source to ensure the effective connection of construction and budget estimates.
3) entrust a professional engineering cost consulting agency to fully review the design drawings, as well as provide a reasonable cost control program, the owner unit can let the cost consulting unit play its own coordinating role in the design stage, establish contact with the design and construction unit, communicate with multiple parties, and convey the opinions of all parties in a timely manner, so as to ensure the accuracy, comprehensiveness and rationality of the estimate (budget), and reduce the problem of drawings.
Review the measures that can be taken to meet the functional requirements of the building economically:
Under the condition of satisfying functional and structural safety, the necessary structural design optimization is carried out to reduce the construction cost.
When determining the detailed design of the professional project, the node design, the matching of equipment and materials, material specifications and material loss and other factors should be fully considered, so that the main material loss rate, equipment and material matching are the best cost-effective, and the increase of unnecessary costs should be avoided; The selection of construction equipment should be in accordance with the design requirements, not only to fully consider the surplus capacity of the equipment, but also to avoid excessive excess capacity and high operation and maintenance costs, the selection and optimization of equipment through technical and economic comparison, and the use of value engineering theory for equipment selection if necessary.
To do a good job in the selection of main materials, it is necessary to choose mature construction raw materials, try to select general materials that are easier to procure, ensure the quality of materials, and should choose the most cost-effective raw materials, as well as according to different functional parts, distinguish different standards and grade positioning, in order to reduce costs.
4) When carrying out the design of the limit, the design unit must review the investment estimate in the early decision-making stage to ensure its reasonableness, and if it is found that the actual situation deviates from the expectation, it should contact the owner unit and the cost consulting unit in time to determine whether there are loopholes in each link, and if there is a problem, it needs to be dealt with and modified in a timely manner.
5) Only after there are incentives, the staff will be more passionate in the work, without affecting the safety and use, if the designer can choose new technology, methods, processes and materials, and can effectively control and reduce the cost of the project, they should be given a certain reward, in order to fully mobilize the design vitality of the design department, and then achieve the purpose of controlling the cost.
3] Cost control in the construction bidding process.
1) Formulate scientific and reasonable contract planning to eliminate the risk of multi-team coordination. In order to control the project cost, a reasonable contract structure can be constructed within the permitted scope of policies and regulations, and the project contract structure interface plan division table can be prepared
The projects that are highly professional or monopolized by the industry, and the general contractor needs to be contracted again, such as curtain wall engineering, elevator procurement and installation engineering, HVAC engineering, intelligent engineering, landscape engineering, lighting engineering, etc.
Carry out professional subcontracting of projects with insufficient depth of drawings, strong professionalism and close relationship with the general contractor, such as door and window engineering and professional engineering.
The brand, specification, material, etc. determine the best materials and equipment procurement items, and agree on the reference brand and procurement standards. Considering the construction period, divide the bids, reasonably distribute the risks, and form a partnership.
2) Reasonably determine the bidding reference price (maximum price): while meeting the relevant cost management regulations of the state, industry and locality, as far as possible to fit the market.
4] Cost control measures in the construction process.
In the process of engineering construction, the construction link covers more factors, and because it involves a wide range of projects, the amount of work is large, so it is difficult to control the cost of the project, and the management and supervision system and control process should be established and improved, and measures should be taken from the organizational, economic, technical, contract and other aspects, set up key control points, analyze the difficulties, pay attention to and strengthen the control in advance and in the matter, specific measures such as:
Strengthen personnel management and improve cost awareness; It is not only necessary to ensure that the quality of the project can meet the relevant requirements, but also to effectively plan and control the schedule; Before the purchase of materials, we should do a good job of full research and comparative analysis, and timely price recognition, to avoid the high set of materials across the period or the price is not timely, and the project price rises; While doing a good job in design optimization, the design change is strictly controlled, and the reason, possibility, necessity and impact on the construction cost are strictly calculated and demonstrated, and the implementation can only be implemented after approval and confirmation; In the negotiation and visa in the construction process, its independence and integrity must be carefully reviewed, and there shall be no vague words, and disputes at the time of settlement shall not be increased due to one less word or one more word; Reduction of construction costs through optimization of construction measures and plans.
By virtue of the detailed control of all aspects of the project, the problems existing in the construction process of the project are reasonably analyzed and solved, and the cost input is reduced under the condition of ensuring the quality of the project implementation, so as to realize the optimization of the interests of the enterprise and obtain more economic and social benefits. For example, in the construction of construction projects, the use of materials is strictly managed, and when the labor is arranged, enough space is left for adjustment, so that the use of materials and labor can be further optimized, and the cost can be reduced by reasonable matching of materials or cross-operation by manual labor, so that the construction project can be completed with quality and quantity. When carrying out cost control, it is inevitable that the role of adding up to a large amount can not be ignored, and the cost of the entire project can be greatly reduced by studying and analyzing each construction detail.
5] Completion and acceptance stage.
First of all, it is necessary to carry out a reasonable collection of cost data, including the details of various expenditures in the construction and the cost data, etc., when the project is managed at cost, it is necessary to collect and implement various cost-related data to ensure that the cost data has informatization, systematization and standardization, and the enterprise also needs to require the relevant staff to be familiar with all kinds of cost software and master the operation mode of the computer, and enter various information with cost management into the computer system to assist in management and standardize the work.
Secondly, the project settlement cost should be strictly audited, and the auditors need to maintain a serious and rigorous work attitude, and carefully review the changes and claims of the construction. Increase communication and exchanges between various units, deal with the difference between the budget and the actual price in a timely manner, and ensure the effectiveness of cost management countermeasures to further improve the project cost management.
Problems that need to be paid attention to in the whole process cost control of construction project management.
Reasonable adjustment of the relationship between quality and cost. The main purpose of the whole process cost management is to effectively control the project input cost and improve the economic benefits of the construction enterprise, so the relationship between quality and cost needs to be reasonably adjusted when the whole process cost management is carried out. Construction enterprises must not choose some unqualified materials in order to save cost input, or omit some construction steps in order to improve construction efficiency, which will lead to potential safety hazards in construction projects, and the existence of quality problems will also increase the difficulty of later maintenance, which in turn leads to the need to invest a lot of manpower, material and financial resources in later maintenance. Therefore, the whole process cost management of the design and construction stage must adjust the relationship between construction quality and cost, so as to ensure the benign construction of the construction project.
To sum up, it can be seen that in today's actual cost project management, the relevant construction subjects should realize that the reasonable control of the whole process of engineering cost can effectively improve the quality of the project, the utilization of engineering capital and other application advantages, and also need to face up to the problems in the practical application of the whole process of engineering cost in the preparation of construction projects, construction links, completion links, etc., and then continue to learn advanced and scientific cost management experience, combined with their own actual cost work, and constantly promote the development and progress of their own cost controlTo ensure that the whole process of cost management can be implemented with high quality and quantity in the project decision-making stage, construction preparation stage, engineering construction stage and completion acceptance stage of construction projects, so as to maximize the economic benefits of the project in the entire construction cycle.