Original author: Wu Junshen
Note!!! Unauthorized shall not be allowed**!
In 2011, the "Xu Weili Document" (hereinafter referred to as the document) was recovered from the tomb robbers by Zhejiang **, and this important national treasure entered the public eye. The document has a total of 17 volumes and more than 40,000 words, recording the professional career of Xu Weili, a civil servant in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is equivalent to a personnel file. The documents show that Xu Weili's evaluation over the years is quite eye-catching, with 31 years of experience and a total of 11 promotions, which can be described as a promotion.
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Xu Weili Records Bai Yi Huang "Southern Song Dynasty".
Longitudinal 395 cm, 348 wide2 cm.
The tomb of Xu Weili in Wuyi County was unearthed in the collection of Wuyi County Museum.
The workplace in the Southern Song Dynasty is generally assessed every three years, and those with excellent results will be promoted. What is the secret of Xu Weili's continuous promotion?
BeginnersYear 1221-1228.
Xu Weili (1202-1254), whose name is Jingzhi, was a native of Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province. "Xu Weili's Epitaph" records:
Xu Weili) is less under the knee, encourages learning, and does not occasionally use ......
Xu Weili was trained by his father (Xu Bangxian) since he was a child, and he devoted himself to studying and laying the foundation for the imperial examination. In the sentence "Zhishiqi is not used occasionally", "branch" refers to the imperial examination, and "not evenly" is (learning) failed to be used, indicating that Xu Weili finally failed to embark on the road of entry into the imperial examination. In the list of Jinshi in the Wuyi County Chronicle of Xu Weili's hometown, there is no record of his imperial examination. To sum up, Xu Weili did not enter the workplace through the imperial examination.
Xu Weili's epitaph source network.
In the fourteenth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1221), at the age of 19, he was awarded the title of "Chengwu Lang", and he started as a "Beijing Dynasty official". The Song Dynasty was divided into "Beijing Dynasty Officials" and "Candidates". In the Song Dynasty, there were many people who were qualified to be officials, but there were few actual jobs, resulting in a situation where there were more monks and fewer porridge. "Prospects" need to be sponsored by others and wait in line for vacancies. The Beijing Dynasty officials only need two ** to recommend, but the selection of people requires five ** guarantees. Compared with the officials of the Beijing Dynasty, there is too much bitterness in the selection of people, and Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe once used "(the selection of people) are all hard work, destroying the spirit, being served by people, and there are few servants", describing the selection of people in order to obtain the protection of others, and whispered and flattered in every possible way.
If the Southern Song Dynasty is compared to a company, the officials of the Jing Dynasty are equivalent to the management trainees of the headquarters, who are well taken care of and are the seeds of reserve cadres. The selection of personnel is equivalent to the employees of grass-roots business units, and the posts and responsibilities are fixed, and the performance is valued and the training is despised. They are both newcomers, but their futures are different.
The starting point is so high, not because Xu Weili is talented, but because he relies on "door shade". Before his father's death, he was the official to the prefect of Lin'an, which was equivalent to the mayor of Hangzhou. With the help of his father's achievements, Xu Weili did not participate in the imperial examination and entered the workplace directly. This type of entry is called door shade.
Xu Weili was not willing to take a shortcut. Because since the implementation of the imperial examination system in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the world has paid more attention to the best people who were born in the examination and despised the shade of the door. The scholars who fought out with a knife and a gun in the examination room, with their true skills, will enter the phase, glorify their ancestors, and have a brighter future.
Xianglin Wave Han Tu (detail) Anonymous Southern Song Dynasty.
Collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei.
Moreover, the upper limit of the Song Dynasty's door shadow officials was generally low. Of course, meritorious people need to be taken care of, but the merit of their fathers is not equal to their talent. Those who are shaders start from the grassroots level, and it is difficult to reach the height of their elders after exhausting their lives. For example, Xu's father once visited flowers in high school, and it only took ten years to become the mayor of Lishui City, and he was an official residence. Xu Weili has been an official for 30 years, and he only has six grades. Chen Zao, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote seven unique poems "He Lin Ziwang Two Uniques" to talk about the difference between the door shade and the imperial examination:
Persuade the monarch not to sigh that there is no official, how can the door shade be as difficult as it is.
Who is willing to take the eunuch path as the second, and the jade step will be called well.
The word "second" indicates that in the poet's mind, the shade of the door is not the right way in the workplace. "Roll call" means that after the scholar is admitted to the Jinshi, the emperor will be named one by one in the court, showing the meaning of the protégé of the Son of Heaven. All in all, the imperial examination is the right path and fast lane for the workplace in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Xu Weili also studied Confucian classics hard in his early years, and he was young and wanted to copy his father's career path. It's a pity that my father and brother died one after another, and the family is in danger of declining. In order to recover the decline, Xu Weili took advantage of the family's shadow to move towards the workplace. Xu Weili was both fortunate and unfortunate to take the first step in the workplace.
At the same time as getting the undertaker, Xu Weili obtained three positions, namely "Lin'an Prefecture Grain Institute", "Loading and Unloading Gang Transportation" and "Zhencheng Warehouse", serving in Lin'an "Grain Yard", participating in material transportation and warehousing and storage, and belonging to grassroots professional cadres.
West Lake picture Source: Southern Song Dynasty "Xianchun Lin'an Zhi".
Xu Weili started with the shade of the door, and the work content is trivial and meticulous, complex and complicated. His father, Xu Bangxian, started his family with the imperial examination, and he could talk about the country's affairs and help the people through the state. Xu Weili took a shortcut, and in exchange, he had to start from the grassroots chores.
It is easy for beginners who have just entered the workplace to make mistakes and affect promotion. In the first ten years of Xu Weili's work, it was smooth and stable, and there was steady progress. What's his secret? It turned out that the official rank of the Song Dynasty was easy to obtain, but the position was difficult to find, although Xu Weili had a position, he needed to be unemployed at home and wait for the notice. Xu Weili's record white paper records:
In May of the 14th year of Jiading, it was planned to be supervised by the Lin'an Grain Institute.
In February of the third year of Baoqing, the superintendent of the Lin'an Prefecture Grain Institute arrived to hand over the ministry.
From the fourteenth year of Jiading (1221), Xu Weili obtained the position, and in the third year of Baoqing (1227), Xu Weili officially took up his post, with a five-year unemployed period in between. During the period of unemployment, Xu Weili has been studying to enrich his knowledge, practice his skills, and prepare for employment. In the epitaph written by Xu Weili to his wife, there is a sentence after the newlywed, "(the wife) is comprehensive and dense, and all rice, salt, baskets, and baskets are hidden and careless". The wedding time of Mr. and Mrs. Xu coincided with the unemployed period. The trivial matters inside and outside the family were contracted by his wife, and Xu Weili had enough time to study to make up for his own shortcomings. His act of cherishing time and devoting every bit of time to learning is the consensus of the Song people. Many literati in the Song Dynasty had works of persuasion, and Zhu Xi was one of the representative figures, who once wrote "Occasional Success" to encourage young people
Young people are easy to learn and difficult to learn, and every inch of time is indispensable.
I didn't feel the spring grass dream of the pond, and the sycamore leaves in front of the steps have autumn sounds.
Xu Weili's wife Lin's Zhizhi rubbing piece Source: Chinese Calligraphy Magazine.
Zhu Xi used his own experience to tell the importance of learning, and hoped that young people would cherish their time and learn when they should study. Xu Weili seems to have heard the advice of his predecessor Zhu Xi, and devoted himself to further study, hoping to avoid detours in the workplace.
In the third year of Baoqing (1227), Xu Weili officially went to work in the grain institute. Xu Weili's work involved three departments, namely the Jiedu Judge's Office, the Liangzhejiang West Road Pacification Division, and the Lin'an Army. For newcomers, the more departments there are, the more difficult it becomes. Lack of ability, attitude to make up, documents record, at this time he was conscientious, not late, not early, not leave, successfully completed the challenge of the first job. Xu Weili was also recognized by colleagues in the department, passed two annual assessments, and was transferred and promoted.
Xu Weili's promotion this time not only has two years of work achievements on the surface, but also five years of independent learning. At this time, the secret of his career promotion is to study hard, have a good attitude, and add a little luck.
Show your edge1229-1247.
In the second year of Shaoding (1229), Xu Weili was sent to Wu County, Pingjiang (Suzhou) Prefecture to serve as the county leader, which was equivalent to the second-in-command of Wu County and was in charge of the economy. During his five years in Wu County, he focused on economic development and tax collection, achieved excellent results, passed three annual evaluations, and was promoted to a higher rank. The document records the evaluation as follows:
No reward for performance; 1. Have not asked for leave; One has never been out on a mission; As soon as he became an official, he was a missionary of the Yuan Department, because he should be rewarded and forgiven, and he was allowed; 1. The criminal law should not be tested; 1. Never conducted an investigation or posthumous filming, and sat down after living on official business and punished the case, and went to the official to surrender and be released, etc.; 1. From the twelfth day of the first month of the fourth year of Shaoding to the end of the eleventh day of the first month of the fifth year of Shaoding, the summer tax autumn seedling rice, the summer and autumn two materials service money, the Changping summer tax autumn seedlings, the official rent money rice, etc., and the number of reminders within the provincial limit; During his term of office, he never borrowed money and rice from Changping Yicang.
Pingjiang Tu rubbing, Suzhou Inscription Museum.
Xu Weili did not ask for leave or go on a business trip, but conscientiously did a good job in tax collection and achieved KPIs. In addition to economic affairs, Xu Weili appears to have been involved in the trial of the case and has performed well. "I have never borrowed money and rice from Changping Yicang", which shows that he does not take advantage of the public and has good workplace ethics.
In the first year of Duanping (1234), Xu Weili was promoted to the magistrate of Liyang. Zhixian is a watershed moment in the workplace. Previously, he served in a specific department, in charge of the "line". The magistrate is the head of a county, and he must be responsible for the whole county, and he is in charge of the "face". Xu Weili coordinated the overall situation for the first time, trembling, and did not dare to relax in the slightest. In addition to the change of responsibilities, the assessment indicators have also changed, and there were up to seven indicators on the file before, but there were thirteen indicators in Liyang's tenure, almost doubled. The requirements are also stricter, and they need to be accurate to the point of a penny and a spoonful of rice. From the comments in the document that "it has been sufficient, see that there is none", he did a great job in Liyang and successfully completed the KPIs. He was also responsible for more things, according to the document:
Chengtong Naolang, Xinchaquan Zhijiankang Prefecture Liyang County, in charge of persuading farmers to camp fields, and archers are in charge of the army.
Xu Weili was a civil official who was in charge of the economy in Wu County, so it was natural and appropriate to be in charge of persuading farmers to run farms. Xu Weili took the civilian line, and the "military official" was a military position, and this appointment seemed very sudden. After all, Xu Weili had no experience in the army, and the Song Dynasty emphasized literature and suppressed martial arts, judging from the word "concurrently", the military was a secondary position.
KPIs follow the "28 Principle", which means that 20% of the key tasks account for 80% of the performance evaluation. From the sentence "the supervisor advises the farmers to run the fields", Xu Weili's work focus is obviously on agricultural production, and the management of the archers and soldiers should be ranked behind. The people take food as the sky, and even if Xu Weili focuses on agriculture and ignores the martial arts, his superiors generally will not give bad reviews. On the contrary, if Xu Weili manages the army well, but delays the agricultural time, he will inevitably be badly evaluated and considered to be indistinguishable from priority. Therefore, ordinary people will pay close attention to agriculture and slack off on the military. However, Xu Weili not only did a good job in production, but also did a good job in the team, and a bowl of water was level. This caution and responsibility brought unexpected surprises to Xu Weili.
At that time, the garrison in the Zhenjiang area mutinied, and the rebels soon spread from Zhenjiang to Liyang. Xu Weili was in danger and gathered people in the county to discuss methods. In the end, it was decided that Xu Weili would lead the militia to guard the traffic arteries, strengthen public security in the county, and stabilize the situation. Through the correct response, Xu Weili quickly settled the situation in Liyang.
How Xu Weili trained archers is no longer available today. However, Xu Weili was able to quickly control the army in a crisis, not mutiny, and quickly stabilized the situation in the county. These things show that Xu Weili has a certain military talent and can firmly grasp the military heart. His talent in this area may be related to his family background. The ancestors of the Xu family traveled south and north to make a living in business. In ancient times, there were many risks in doing business, and merchants would travel in groups to keep each other warm. This kind of unity and cooperation gene flows in Xu Weili, so that he can better organize the team and win the trust of his subordinates.
Zhao Kuangyin of the Song Dynasty relied on the military generals "yellow robes" to build the country, and he has always been very defensive against military generals and implemented the national policy of "emphasizing literature and suppressing military force". Literati generally only know poetry and songs, but do not understand military affairs. Xu Weili was able to overcome his inner fear, calmly deal with the crisis, and finally turned "crisis" into "opportunity", and then was transferred to the official court in Lin'an, the capital, to focus on training.
Song Anonymous Song Taizu seated statue in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
In the third year of Jiaxi (1239), Xu Weili received an order. Documentary:
Zhun Shangshu Province Zazi, the commission sent to the west of Zhejiang to mention the criminal division, to obtain the Pingjiang Mansion million east and west two warehouse books, one by one to check the income and expenditure in the number, the committee has no fraud, except for the five days limit, to ensure the Ming Shenshang Book Province.
The "Provincial Document" is the document of the central provinces, which is equivalent to the current ** document. The meaning of the provincial document is very clear, that is, Xu Weili is required to inspect the income and expenditure of the local official warehouse in Suzhou, compare the account books, and check whether there is any fraud. "The schedule is limited to five days", indicating that the time is tight, the task is heavy, and the text is full of solemn and tense atmosphere.
Suzhou's economic status in the Southern Song Dynasty was equivalent to that of today's Shanghai, or even surpassed that of Shanghai. Because Suzhou is not only an important fiscal and tax area, but also a large grain production area. Xu Weili's past work experience in Wu County, as well as the family's business tradition, may be the reason for the appointment.
Prosperous picture of Gusu (detail) Xu Yangqing.
Collection of Liaoning Provincial Museum.
This audit was very sudden, and someone may have secretly reported that there was a problem with the official warehouse in Suzhou. Judging from the subsequent situation, Xu Weili should have found some problems in the account books, and reported them impartially, which was retaliated against by some personnel. Xu Weili has a certain psychological expectation that he will suffer setbacks, and his wife has also used the language of "you do not live up to your duties, and you will not regret your duties" to encourage him to stick to his heart and serve the country and the people.
His loyalty to ** was also echoed. He was originally a grassroots **, and the appointment was in charge of the three provinces of **, and he didn't need the emperor to look at it. After all, there are too many grassroots **, and the emperor has no time and energy to manage. But Xu Weili seemed to have entered the emperor's field of vision with this move. Documentary:
Zhun Shangshu Province Zazi, the ministers said that they would be sent together with the outside. On June 25, the three provinces were "followed" by the same holy decree.
This text appeared a month after the Suzhou warehouse was cleaned up. The phrase "the three provinces are under the same holy decree" indicates that the change of Xu Weili's position must be approved by the emperor.
In the eighteen years from the second year of Shaoding (1229) to the twelfth year of Chunyou (1247), Xu Weili went all the way from the second-in-command of Wu County to complete the transformation from local to **. Looking back, the secret of his promotion is closely related to the courage to take responsibility and the persistence of sticking to the political bottom line.
Courage allows him to make accurate decisions in critical moments, test his background, make colleagues and superiors trust, and make a name for himself in the workplace. Loyalty made him not afraid of offending people, and counted the accounts in Suzhou according to the first requirements, which also allowed him to gain the trust of the emperor, and since then he has the biggest backer in the workplace.
Carrying a heavy responsibility1248-1254.
In the eighth year of Chunyou (1248), Xu Weili served as the governor of Xinzhou, which is equivalent to the current leader of Shangrao City, Jiangxi. At this time, Xu Weili could wear a red official uniform and enter the ranks of middle-level managers. As the position increases, so does the responsibility. Soon after, he encountered a big challenge - the land of warp.
"Meridian boundary" is to measure and count the actual land in various places, as the basis for collecting taxes. Similar to a census,** land is measured every few decades. Before the border, there was no tax on newly cultivated farmland. **Through the meridians, rectify the real estate tax register, expand the finances, and better perform their own functions.
However, in the process of crossing the border, the interests of all strata of the local community will be harmed. From the wealthy to the yamen officials, to the common people, they will obstruct the action of the meridian for their own interests. Therefore, the meridian boundary is a chore for the local **. Xu Weili's sense of responsibility made him choose to faithfully implement the country's policies, overcome all difficulties, and act impartially. Although Xu Weili has a wealth of local work experience and is good at dealing with people from all walks of life, he is still hindered. It is recorded in "The History of the Song Dynasty and the Biography of Mu Zicai":
Xinzhou Shou Xu is a courtesy to pursue the strict meridians, and uses the spine cane to urge the school, and the hungry people gather into chaos. Zicai said on the top, set up the warp boundary, and said the ceremony.
Mu Zicai accused Xu Weili of being rude, torturing and persecuting the people of Xinzhou, and handing over the money and grain owed in the past, causing the starving people to revolt. Mu Zicai's complaint was passed, and Xu Weili left Shinshu gloomily. However, Mu Zi is a native of Sichuan, and he can't fight with Jiangxi Baganzi, and Xu Weili faithfully implements national policies, why should he **? Whether it was commissioned by some locals is unknown today. However, there may be the influence of the Shinshu gentry behind it.
Fortunately, ** knew the reason, and comforted Mu Zicai on the surface, but in fact, he did not demean Xu Yuli at all. Not only did he not demote his position, but Xu Weili was also promoted. Documentary:
In September of the 10th year of the reign of Zhun Chunyou, the province of Kuri Shangshu was revealed: the investigation of the Xinzhou Xu Ministry was cultivated, and on September 15, the three provinces were ordered to be reappointed by the same holy decree.
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Xu Weili Records White Seal Paper" Southern Song Dynasty.
Each volume is 36 longitudinal1 cm, 185 wide5 cm.
The tomb of Xu Weili in Wuyi County was unearthed in the collection of Wuyi County Museum.
* In the name of "ministry practice", he was transferred from the court to the court doctor, and he was promoted to a higher rank. The words "by holy decree" indicate that this promotion was promoted by the emperor. The word "Ling Zairen" indicates that ** will continue to be entrusted with important tasks, and Xu Weili has a great future and becomes a rising "new star in the workplace". In the twelfth year of Chunyou (1252), after the incident subsided, Xu Weili was appointed as the governor of Quanzhou, Fujian City, which was not only to reward his achievements in Shinshu, but also to take advantage of his economic characteristics.
Quanzhou was the second largest port city in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its status was similar to that of today's Shenzhen. It is able to provide about 10% of the tax revenue per year, which is the money bag. Xu Weili can serve as the mayor of Quanzhou, showing that his loyalty and talent are on the horizontal line, and he is a good subordinate with both ability and political integrity.
Quanzhou is a difficult city to manage. The port of Quanzhou is full of ships from all over the world, exchanging goods from all over the world. A group of Zhao and Song clans gathered in the city of Quanzhou. how to ensure a good business environment in Quanzhou so that foreigners are willing to do business with Chinese; How to deal with the relationship with the clan has become the two major problems that the rulers of Quanzhou are the first to consider.
Chunyu is the name of the Song Dynasty, a total of 12 years. In the past 12 years, eight people have served in Fujian City, which is equivalent to one and a half years of tenure for each person. The eight people are Liu Kexun, Zhao Xiyan, Chen Dayou, Zhao Shigeng, Yang Jin, Zhang Li, Sun Mengguan, Han Bu, among them, there are clans, Jinshi, ** children, and cultural celebrities. Their identities are much higher than Xu Weili. Why did Xu Weili come to Quanzhou? With its upright, honest and self-disciplined. It is recorded in the document that it is in Shinshu:
During his term of office, he did not borrow money and rice from Changping Yicang; During his term of office, he did not illegally accept and dismiss officials; From the date of his arrival to the date of his dismissal, he has never owed the minister Kush things, and there is no unpaid shop owner who should do all kinds of money and things.
It shows that Xu Weili did not take a trace of the government, nor did he accept private property, and his conduct was noble and could withstand inspection. Xu Weili's epitaph is even more praised as "light wealth and charity". In the epitaph of his wife, it is written:
Every official gives, and the official price is used to reward the people, and the people praise it from the side, saying: "If this is the sweetness of the family's food." ”…Yushizhou County, as well as the four dynasties, are self-motivated by the first public and do not show favoritism to others.
It shows that Xu Weili does not take advantage of the people, and will repay the people's dedication. When he was an official in various places, Xu Weili acted impartially and never played favoritism.
Therefore, with Xu Weili's moral ability, it is easy to create a good business environment. Xu Weili's father, Xu Bangxian, had a close relationship with the imperial family, and Xu Weili himself was trusted by the emperor. The clan has a close relationship with the Xu family, and the two sides can get along harmoniously. The two major problems that make others entangled, Xu Weili can easily solve them.
Xu Weili's tenure in Quanzhou is a reward for his 30 years of hard work and a return gift from fate. Xu Weili's family is located in the cultural circle of eastern Zhejiang, and pays attention to "applying it to the world, and promoting both righteousness and benefit". Quanzhou is the best place to show off their talents. At this time, Xu Weili was just over fifty years old, at the age of **, full of energy, and without losing experience, it was the time to display his talents. It's a pity that the day is not a holiday, and Xu Weili at this time came to the end of his life.
The whole coast map of Fujian Province (detail) is anonymous.
Collection of the National Diet Library, Japan.
Xu Weili was likely to be ill and failed to take office, and eventually returned to his hometown and died. The documents show that he received a notice from ** in June of the twelfth year of Chunyou (1252) and went to Quanzhou to take up a post. The epitaph shows that he died in the second year of the reign of Hoyu (1254). "History of the Song Dynasty", "Quanzhou Mansion Chronicles" and other materials, there is no record of Xu Weili performing his duties in Quanzhou.
Fate is fair to Xu Weili. With his outstanding talent, he simplified complex situations and did things that others could not do, becoming the main artery of the workplace. Through hard work, he waited until the critical point of his career and seized the opportunity. However, in the long years, he was exhausted, the oil ran out, and his body was in serious crisis. Xu Weili's experience shows that a healthy body is the first element in the workplace. In addition to work, you should also take time to exercise and continue your career.
Conclusion
Xu Weili rose from the grain institute in Lin'an, all the way to the promotion of Fujian City, Bo and Quanzhou, for 30 years, never took leave, left early, treated work with a solid attitude, and ushered in the eleventh jump of the workplace.
Xu Weili's story tells us that there are many elements of promotion. Needless to say, luck and chance are necessary. But before the opportunity comes, you must be prepared, and your body, ability, character, cognition, courage, any element can make you shine in a certain moment. Luck can be hard to find, but its own strength can continue to improve. Cultivating one's heart and strengthening oneself is the core secret of promotion.
References:
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