Sadly lost Chiang Ching-kuo, and a meeting was urgently convened.
** and Chiang Ching-kuo spent their youth together at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, at that time they were high-spirited, no one expected that many years later, after the death of *** and Chiang Kai-shek, they became the core figures of China's two major political parties and began to perform contests on the political stage.
In the 80s of the 20th century, the first has begun to ease, and the day of national reunification is just around the corner, just waiting for the arrival of reciprocal negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, this day came earlier than expected, and the news of Chiang Ching-kuo's death shocked ***, and he immediately presided over an enlarged meeting of the Politburo, and said sadly at the end of the meeting: "Chiang Ching-kuo died too early." ”
1.When studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, ** and Chiang Ching-kuo were both classmates and friends. Despite the age difference of 6 years, they have a very close relationship and a deep friendship.
At that time, ** and some other Chinese students were wearing a big scarf, which made Chiang Ching-kuo curious, so he asked ***. Explain that this is common during studying abroad in France.
Because Chinese students often work as cleaners, and picking up horse manure is the most lucrative cleaning job, and they can earn a week's living expenses every day. And the cleaners in France have scarves, so they have them too.
The two often walked and talked on the banks of the Moscow River, and Chiang Ching-kuo was always keen to ask about ***'s life experience in Paris. ** He even wrote several articles detailing his experience of living in France and handed them over to Chiang Ching-kuo.
2.While studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, he established a deep friendship with his old classmate Chiang Ching-kuo. Despite the age difference of 6 years, they still became close friends.
** and other Chinese students often wore a large scarf, which aroused Chiang Ching-kuo's curiosity. Explain that this is what they used to do while studying abroad in France.
Because picking up horse manure is the most lucrative cleaning job, earning a week's worth of living every day, and French cleaners have scarves, so they have it too. The two often walked and talked on the banks of the Moscow River, and Chiang Ching-kuo was always keen to ask about ***'s life experience in Paris.
** He even wrote several articles detailing his experience of living in France and handed them over to Chiang Ching-kuo. 3.When he was studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, he and Chiang Ching-kuo became good friends.
Despite the age difference of 6 years, they became good friends. ** and other Chinese students often wrapped around a large scarf, which made Chiang Ching-kuo curious.
Explain that this is what they used to do while studying abroad in France. Because picking up horse manure is the most lucrative cleaning job, earning a week's worth of living every day, and French cleaners have scarves, so they have it too.
The two often walked and talked on the banks of the Moscow River, and Chiang Ching-kuo was always keen to ask about ***'s life experience in Paris. ** He even wrote several articles detailing his experience of living in France and handed them over to Chiang Ching-kuo.
At the end of 1926, ** returned to China, while Chiang Ching-kuo stayed in the Soviet Union for many years and was not able to return to China until 1937. Although the two are separated, the motherland complex in their hearts has never changed.
In 1973, **returned to the CCP** and entrusted most of the foreign-related affairs to him, this year, Chiang Kai-shek intended to support his eldest son, and also handed over most of the affairs to Chiang Ching-kuo.
After taking over the foreign-related work, ** quickly stated: Beijing is ready to directly negotiate the issue of reunification with Taipei. He said that peaceful modalities had priority value at this stage.
** More actively send friendly signals to Chiang Ching-kuo, hoping that the two sides can sit down and discuss the great plan for the reunification of the motherland.
In 1975, the CCP granted amnesty to the last Kuomintang prisoners, leaving these former generals to decide for themselves whether to return to Taiwan. The 10 former generals, eager to be reunited with their relatives in Taiwan, applied to return to Taiwan, worried about whether their applications would be approved.
However, the CCP quickly approved their application and provided them with travel expenses and permits to send them to Hong Kong, and from Hong Kong back to Taiwan. However, the response of the Taiwan authorities is that only those who have been captured by the mainland after 1950 are eligible to consider returning to Taiwan to settle down.
This historical past tells the story of the old Kuomintang people who were still concerned about reuniting with their relatives after the vicissitudes of life, but they were unable to realize this wish due to strict orders.
The one who gave the order was the one for whom they had worked for their lives. Some people committed suicide in despair, and more old Kuomintang people stranded on the mainland tried to contact the Chiang family and his son on the other side of the strait through various channels.
However, this was not because Chiang Ching-kuo was unwilling to receive them, but because he feared that reunification would be detrimental to the Kuomintang. He is full of doubts about Taiwan's future, fearing that any compromise he makes will become a disaster that will cause turmoil in Taiwan.
He once said, "Contacting the CCP is a suicidal act." Therefore, he was also uneasy about the Kuomintang personnel who wanted to return to Taiwan, so he gave such an almost impersonal order.
This historical past reflects the stance and attitude of Deng and Jiang on the issue of reunification, and also makes us reflect on our attitude towards history and the future.
Chiang Ching-kuo was furious over the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. In 1978, the 68-year-old Chiang Ching-kuo became the supreme leader of the Taiwan authorities, while the 74-year-old *** led China-United States negotiations aimed at establishing diplomatic relations between China and the United States.
This negotiation was extremely difficult, but in the process, ** thought deeply about the policy towards Taiwan, and made a historic decision, that is, "Taiwan's return and reunification", replacing the previous "liberate Taiwan" policy.
Recognize that Taiwan is no longer seen as an object to be liberated, but as an issue to be addressed. He is also looking for a suitable channel of communication with Taiwan.
In the early morning of December 16, 1978, an old Soviet classmate entered Chiang Ching-kuo's field of vision. This former classmate is now a rival on the other side. After Chiang Ching-kuo received the news from US Ambassador to Taiwan An Kezhi, he was so angry that his eyes almost turned black.
Although Mr. An's plea asked him not to divulge the news before 8 a.m. the next morning, an angry Chiang Ching-kuo firmly refused. This scene is reminiscent of Chiang Kai-shek's reaction after learning of the secret visit of the United States ** Nixon to China.
Nixon made a secret visit to China quietly and received a warm welcome, which made Lao Chiang mistakenly think that he had been betrayed by the United States, and he was so angry that he roared "Nixon is not a thing!" ”
Chiang Ching-kuo was also angry that the news of Ankezhi's request for secrecy was leaked. These two reactions are yet another testament to the power of this news.
On December 16, 1978, China and the United States signed a joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations, in which the United States recognized that there was only one China and that Taiwan was a part of China. This is undoubtedly a heavy blow to Chiang Ching-kuo, who has always thought that he has close ties with Taiwan.
He thought he would be able to grasp the dynamics of *** in time and prevent the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, but it turned out that he overestimated his influence. Chiang Ching-kuo learned of the news a few hours before the announcement of the establishment of diplomatic relations, and it was too late to stop it.
Subsequently, the People's Liberation Army stopped shelling Kinmen and Matsu, and the Kuomintang also stopped counter-shelling.
On New Year's Day 1979, the Minister of National Defense announced the cessation of the shelling of Kinmen, which was a major breakthrough in the cross-strait peace process.
On the same day, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) issued a "Letter to the Taiwan Compatriots," expressing a friendly attitude toward the Taiwan authorities and proposing that the two sides of the strait should be opened up to economic and trade, travel, and postal links, as well as a series of other reasonable policies and measures.
Liao Chengzhi also issued an open letter to Chiang Ching-kuo, proposing that the KMT and the CCP launch a third cooperation, and expressed his willingness to visit Taiwan. This letter shows the broad mind and sincere friendship between *** and the CCP**, and the quote "Brothers who have survived all the calamities, meet with a smile and enmity" is even more praiseworthy.
However, Chiang Ching-kuo was particularly vigilant against all kinds of overtures on the mainland. He believes that the Kuomintang has occupied Taiwan for many years and has always maintained a hostile and hostile attitude toward the mainland, and now the friendly attitude displayed by the mainland and its frequent beckoning to Taiwan have made him quite uncomfortable.
He did not know the mainland's true intentions, so he could not negotiate with the Chinese Communists, and he also rejected Liao Chengzhi's request to visit Taiwan. However, out of consideration for Taiwan itself, Chiang Ching-kuo believed that economic and social and cultural exchanges between the two sides of the strait were not a bad thing for Taiwan.
He believes that Taiwan's policy toward the mainland is too inactive, and he hopes that Taiwan will seize the initiative and will not always be in a passive state of only defending but not attacking. Therefore, he proposed to conduct cross-strait peace talks on the basis of the "Three People's Principles."
** Expressing doubts about Chiang Ching-kuo's suggestion: "We have repeatedly exhorted the Taiwan side not to adopt this method, but to seek a solution that does not suffer from each other. ”
Although the "Three People's Principles" are difficult to realize, it can be seen that Chiang Ching-kuo's attitude has changed. At least he no longer shy away from the issue of "reunifying China". Therefore, some people believe that in the period when they are about to enter the 80s of the 20th century, ** and Chiang Ching-kuo have joined hands to lay the foundation for "cross-strait reconciliation".
Looking back at the 80s, the future is promising.
In the 80s, the Chinese Communist Party unleashed more friendship and goodwill towards Taiwan, hoping to achieve cross-strait reunification as soon as possible. **It is recommended that Chiang Ching-kuo and Chen Lifu have a private conversation, and through the exchange of ideas and the search for reasonable ways, the third cooperation between the KMT and the CCP can be realized as soon as possible, so as to leave a good legacy for history and future generations.
** Efforts were made to promote cross-strait communication through various means, such as asking Chiang Wei-kuo to persuade his brother, instructing comrades in Xikou, Zhejiang Province to repair the graves of Chiang Ching-kuo's mother and grandmother, giving him secrets, inviting him to visit his hometown, and amending the constitution to grant special status to Hong Kong and Taiwan.
All these measures have paved the way for cross-strait exchanges and brought them to a higher level.
The mainland has constantly shown goodwill, tried its best to avoid arousing tension among the Taiwan authorities, and tried its best to resolve the differences between the two sides. However, due to historical limitations, the most insurmountable hurdle between the two sides was that Chiang Ching-kuo was never able to fully trust the concept of "reunification."
In his view, reunification meant making concessions to the Communist Party and being taken over by the Communist Party, and the Kuomintang would face great risks. Even in 1987, Chiang Ching-kuo still adhered to the "Three People's Principles" and adhered to the principle of "no contact, no negotiation, and no compromise".
In order to realize cross-strait reunification, it is necessary to eliminate the resentment and unwillingness of both sides, and the intervention of the United States has played a role in fueling the flames. Chiang Ching-kuo saw the support of the United States and thought that there was no need to reconcile with the Communist Party, and that the Taiwan model could even be extended to the mainland.
Although there are differences in the views of the two sides, Chiang Ching-kuo's line of thought shows that cross-strait reunification has become a universal consensus. In 1982, when the CCP once again put forward the proposal of cooperation between the KMT and the CCP, Liao Chengzhi sent an invitation to Chiang Ching-kuo, hoping that he could contribute to the realization of the great cause of reunification.
A month later, there was a response from the other side, this time taken over by Soong Meiling, who was far away in the United States. Soong Meiling issued an open letter and politely declined Liao Chengzhi's invitation to visit Taiwan.
Although no agreement was reached, the exchange of letters was seen as the first public dialogue between the two sides of the strait after a 30-year hiatus. Although the time for negotiations has not yet come, the number of cross-strait leaders has continued to grow, and the Taiwan authorities have not intervened too much in this regard, which is obviously tacitly approved by Chiang Ching-kuo.
He hoped to observe the development trend of cross-strait politics through nongovernmental exchanges. One side silently observes, the other side waits optimistically, and firmly believes that one day it will wait for the moment of negotiation between the KMT and the CCP.
Chiang Ching-kuo's physical condition deteriorated day by day, and he realized the necessity of cross-strait talks. They needed an impartial intermediary, so they brought in Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.
Chiang Ching-kuo privately revealed to Lee Kuan Yew that the People's Republic of China would become stronger and stronger because of the existence of ***. He believes that if Taiwan can integrate with the mainland, China will have a bright future.
This coincides with the agreement between China and the UK on Hong Kong, which will be formally returned to China in the future.
When Lee Kuan Yew visited Taiwan in the summer of 1986, Chiang Ching-kuo told him that he had drawn up a new plan and idea for transforming Taiwan. Some people speculate that Chiang Ching-kuo's "three noes policy" may be aimed at some diehards within the Kuomintang, but in fact, he has already considered the issue of integration with the mainland, and high-level people on both sides of the strait have already launched secret contacts.
By the late '80s, tensions between the two sides of the strait had subsided and had become extremely peaceful. Chiang Ching-kuo said to Shen Cheng on April 4, 1987: "I think the CCP is sincere, and reciprocal negotiations are feasible. Now is the time to make up your mind. ”
Everyone is optimistically looking forward to the arrival of cross-strait talks aimed at a peaceful settlement of Taiwan, but time is running out.
The death of Chiang Ching-kuo brought a great challenge to China's reunification. ** He once lamented at the meeting that if Chiang Ching-kuo was still alive, China's reunification might have gone more smoothly.
However, Chiang Ching-kuo failed to achieve the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and his death dimmed hopes for cross-strait reunification. Chiang Ching-kuo always had the idea that "the Kuomintang would be wiped out" in his heart, and he was obsessed with the grievances of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for a long time, which made it impossible for him to take the step of reunification.
His repeated defeats of the Communist Party became a shadow in his heart, and his irresistible unwillingness made him insist on reunification in his own way. However, he missed the best moment in history, ignoring the olive branch thrown by the mainland or wanting to have it both ways.
His death has deepened and farther the gap between the straits, which had been gradually opened. Compared with Chiang Kai-shek, the mainland is more saddened by Chiang Ching-kuo's death.