After the release of a series of national policies such as the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality", "Quantitative Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction of Citizens' Green and Low-Carbon Behaviors", and the New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035), new energy storage has gradually become the main force to promote national development.
Energy storage has become an important core for the development of the old and new power systems after the conversion
Traditional power generation mainly relies on coal (a small part of which has gas, etc.), which has a serious impact on the global climate and environment. In order to actively respond to the environmental crisis, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and energy transition are accelerating, especially now that new power generation methods with wind and solar power generation as the mainstream have begun to gradually replace traditional power generation. However, in the same situation, the power plant can only generate electricity but cannot store electricity, and at this stage, it is still necessary to adjust the power ** to match the power changes on the demand side and maintain the balance between supply and demand of electricity.
In this context, energy storage plays its role as a backup power source, enhances the reliability of power supply, and prevents occasional power outages. In addition, the energy storage system can improve the economy of power operation in different scenarios through mechanisms such as peak shaving and valley filling, capacity allocation, etc., and save energy in a low-carbon and energy-saving manner. The essence of energy storage is a "giant power bank", which releases energy to supply power during the lack of resources and peak hours of electricity consumption, so as to achieve peak shaving, reduce power abandonment, and reduce electricity costs. In addition, the core role of energy storage is mainly reflected in three aspects: frequency regulation, reducing curtailment and price spread arbitrage, and energy storage also has the advantages of black start and off-grid power supply.
Energy storage industry chain
The upstream of energy storage is the battery industry and the electrical equipment industry, and the downstream is mainly the power system participating enterprises. The upstream raw materials are mainly divided into two parts, namely battery system raw materials + energy storage converter raw materials.
The core of energy storage is the battery, the core of energy storage operation is charging and discharging, PCS is the hub of energy storage and power grid, the energy management system is the "brain" of energy storage, and the temperature control system and fire protection system are the "umbrella" of energy storage.
The future of energy storage development is unlimited
China's electricity market demand has further increased, and the capacity and proportion of installed power generation capacity and non-fossil energy power generation have been increasing, bringing more room for development in the energy storage market. At present, lithium-ion battery energy storage technology accounts for 942%, which is still in an absolute dominant position, and the proportion of new compressed air energy storage and flow battery energy storage technology is up to respectively. 3%, accounting for a significant increase in growth. In addition, a variety of energy storage technologies such as flywheel, gravity, and sodium ion have also entered the engineering demonstration stage.
The overseas market of energy storage is also developing rapidly, mainly concentrated in the two major fields of household storage and portable energy storage, especially Europe and the United States are the main installed capacity of household energy storage in the world, each occupying about 1 4 market.
The main driving factors for the rapid development of energy storage are as follows:
1.Affected by geopolitical factors, the low energy self-sufficiency rate and the continuous consumption of electricity prices have promoted the increase in the penetration rate of household storage.
2.Overseas buildings are mostly low-rise independent buildings, which are difficult to build and have a large market demand.
3.Due to the prevalence of outdoor culture and the disaster-prone geographical environment in some areas, portable energy storage is mainly in Europe, America and Japan.
Energy storage can be divided into two categories: long-term energy storage and short-term energy storage according to scenarios and needs. According to Sandia National Laboratories, long-term energy storage is an energy storage technology with a continuous discharge time of not less than 4 hours, while the U.S. Department of Energy considers long-term energy storage to be defined as an energy storage technology with a continuous discharge time of not less than 10 hours and a service life of 15-20 years. Whether it is the standard of use of Sandia National Laboratory in the United States or the standard of the U.S. Department of Energy, we all know that short-term energy storage can solve the emergency energy supply demand, and long-term energy storage can be connected to the grid for long-term peak regulation, in short, energy storage will be the key to future development.