CPC ** Institute of Party History and Literature.
February 4, 2024 is the 120th anniversary of Comrade Deng Yingchao's birth. Comrade Deng Yingchao was a great proletarian revolutionary, statesman, famous social activist, staunch Marxist, outstanding leader of the party and the state, and a pioneer of the Chinese women's movement. She devoted her life to the cause of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and was an outstanding representative of Chinese women in the 20 th century.
1. "Raise your spirit and seek the progress of the country" and make indelible contributions to the liberation of the Chinese nation and Chinese women.
On February 4, 1904, Comrade Deng Yingchao was born in Nanning, Guangxi, and moved to Tianjin with his mother in 1910, and later entered the No. 1 Girls' Normal School in Zhili. Faced with the tragic reality that the country was humiliated, the people were suffering, and the civilization was dusty, 12-year-old Comrade Deng Yingchao issued an oath to "lift up the spirit and seek the progress of the country". After the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, she successively participated in the organization of the Tianjin Women's Patriotic Comrades Association and the Awakening Society, and became one of the main leaders of the Tianjin Student Patriotic Movement. In the movement, at the age of 15, she led the girls' team to charge ahead, fighting against the reactionary forces, until she was "wounded**" Since 1920, she has worked as a primary school teacher in Beijing and Tianjin, and has organized the Zhili branch of the Feminist Movement League and the Women's Star Club to "save oppressed women on the spot", "propagate the revolutionary spirit that women should have", and mobilize women to join the ranks of the proletariat.
During the Great Revolution, at the beginning of 1924, Comrade Deng Yingchao joined the Tianjin Socialist Youth League. In March 1925, she became a member of the Communist Party of China from a member of the Chinese Communist Youth League and served as the head of the Women's Department of the Tianjin Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. She once recalled: "At that time, in northern China, the party was still underground, so the procedure for joining the party was very simple, there was no party flag and no oath. However, like many other comrades, we have a very firm conviction, believe that it is very honorable to be a member of the Communist Party, firmly believe in Marxism, and are determined to fight for the interests of the proletariat, for the independence of the country, for the liberation of the nation, for the liberation of women, and for the liberation of all mankind, and for the realization of communism. After the outbreak of the May Day Movement, Comrade Deng Yingchao initiated the organization of the Tianjin Women's Federation and the Tianjin National Salvation Federation to support the anti-imperialist struggle of the masses in Shanghai. In August 1925, she was ordered to go south to Guangzhou to serve as a member of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China and Minister of Women. She proposed to guarantee the basic rights of workers and peasant women, and actively fought for the eight-hour working day and equal pay for equal work for women workers. She sincerely cooperated with He Xiangning, Minister of Women's Affairs of the People's Republic of China, and worked hard to promote the formation of a united front in the women's circles, so that the women's liberation movement under the leadership of the Communist Party of China could develop rapidly. In January 1926, at the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, Comrade Deng Yingchao was elected as an alternate executive member.
During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, Comrade Deng Yingchao successively served as secretary of the Women's Committee of the Communist Party of China, secretary general of the Communist Party of China, secretary of the Political Bureau, executive member of the Chinese Soviet Republic, secretary of the general branch of the Chinese Soviet Republic, and chief of the confidential section. In Shanghai under the White Terror, she bravely and calmly devoted herself to the underground struggle, firmly and fearlessly protected the safety of the party, and went to Moscow to attend the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China; In the difficult years of the ** Soviet area, she went deep into the masses and guided the work of women in the Soviet area. On the long journey of the 10,000-mile long march, although she was seriously ill, she always firmly believed that "the revolution must be victorious" and "even if she sacrifices, she will not hesitate to do so".
During the National War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Comrade Deng Yingchao successively served as a women's organizer of the Wuhan Office of the Eighth Route Army, a member of the Women's Committee of the Yangtze River Bureau of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Southern Bureau and the secretary of the Women's Committee. In March 1938, she and women from all walks of life organized the China Wartime Child Care Association, and served as the executive director, rescuing a large number of wartime children. In May, she participated in a meeting of well-known women from all walks of life held in Lushan, expressed her opinions on wartime women's work on behalf of the Communist Party of China, introduced the general situation of the women's movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo border area, and participated in the drafting of the "Outline for Mobilizing Women to Participate in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and Nation-building." Comrade Deng Yingchao also served as a member of the CPC side of the National Council for Political Participation. She conscientiously implemented the principles and policies of the Communist Party of China, solemnly corrected Chiang Kai-shek's crimes in the southern Anhui incident, carried out extensive work, and carried out unremitting struggles to uphold the War of Resistance, unity, and progress, oppose compromise and retrogression, and made important contributions to consolidating and expanding the party's anti-Japanese national united front. After the Yan'an Rectification Movement began, Comrade Deng Yingchao conscientiously studied the rectification documents in the Southern Bureau, summed up 11 problems of "self-cultivation", and published them in "Xinhua**", setting an example for party members and cadres. In the summer of 1943, Comrade Deng Yingchao went to Yan'an and went to the first section of the ** Party School to continue to participate in rectification study. Through systematic study and deep reflection, she "strengthened her determination to transform herself" and realized that "studying Marxism-Leninism, Leninism, and reforming her own thinking is a lifelong and unremitting task for a Communist Party member." In 1945, at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Deng Yingchao was elected as an alternate member, and served as the deputy secretary of the Women's Committee and the deputy director of the Preparatory Committee of the Women's Federation of the Liberated Area.
During the War of Liberation, Comrade Deng Yingchao participated in the National Land Conference held in Xibaipo in July 1947. Her article "Agrarian Reform and the New Tasks of Women's Work" has become an important document guiding the integration of women's work with agrarian reform and mobilizing women to participate in agrarian reform. In 1948, Comrade Deng Yingchao, then secretary of the Women's Movement Committee of the Communist Party of China, attended the women's work conference held by the Communist Party of China. She made a report at the meeting and presided over the drafting of the document "Guidelines and Tasks for Rural Women's Work in the Liberated Areas," which was approved and distributed. In March 1949, she attended the First National Congress of Chinese Women, and later served as vice chairman and deputy secretary of the party group of the All-China Democratic Women's Federation. In September, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
2. "Unite and bring into play the strength of the broad masses of women" and devote all energy to socialist revolution and construction.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Comrade Deng Yingchao, who continued to serve as vice chairman and deputy secretary of the leading party group of the All-China Democratic Women's Federation, always regarded himself as "a servant who has served the masses of women of all ethnic groups for a long time." She has a deep affection for the vast number of women who have just been liberated, and has made unremitting efforts to explore the important topic of "gradually enabling the vast number of women to become the builders of new China." She launched the women's movement closely around the party's central work, emphasized that "women are a great force for promoting social development," called on and organized women to participate in production, and cared about solving the problems of women's vital interests. Many female comrades are willing to tell her what is in their hearts and confide in her the difficulties in life. In the hearts of the people, Comrade Deng Yingchao is not only an outstanding leader in women's work, but also a good elder sister who cares about women's lives.
Comrade Deng Yingchao participated in the drafting of the first marriage law of the People's Republic of China. She led the relevant personnel to extensively collect relevant materials in urban and rural areas, referred to the marriage laws of the Soviet and liberated areas, the Soviet Union, and Eastern European countries in the past, and drew up the first draft of the marriage law through research and discussion, which was later adopted after repeated revisions. At her suggestion, "divorce shall be granted if both the man and the woman divorce voluntarily." If a man and a woman insist on a divorce, the divorce shall also be granted when the mediation between the people of the district and the judicial organ fails", which has been written into the Marriage Law. After the promulgation of the Marriage Law, Comrade Deng Yingchao continued to actively publicize the Marriage Law throughout the country, promote its implementation, and strive to "liberate the masses of women from the old marriage system that had been barbaric and backward for thousands of years."
As a recognized pioneer and leader of the Chinese women's movement at home and abroad, Comrade Deng Yingchao actively went to the international stage to publicize and introduce the Chinese women's movement and promote the development of the women's movement in the world. In December 1949, she attended the Asian Women's Congress held in Beijing and delivered a report entitled "Asian Women's Struggle for National Independence, People's Democracy and World Peace", which gave a detailed introduction to the historical experience of Chinese women and the Chinese people in their struggle for revolutionary victory, and was respected and valued by women representatives from various countries. In her foreign exchanges, she has fully demonstrated the high self-esteem and self-confidence of the Chinese nation, which has stood up, and at the same time, she has sought truth from facts and treated people with sincerity, thus winning the universal respect and trust of people at home and abroad.
In September 1956, Comrade Deng Yingchao attended the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as a member of the first committee.
During this period, Comrade Deng Yingchao adhered to principles under extremely difficult circumstances, assisted Comrade Deng Yingchao in protecting a large number of cadres and well-known figures inside and outside the party, and resolutely resisted and struggled against the counterrevolutionary group.
In December 1976, Comrade Deng Yingchao was elected vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National People's Congress at the third meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fourth National People's Congress. In March 1978, at the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress, he was elected vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress.
3. "A breath remains, and the fight does not stop", and he has worked hard for the great cause of reform and opening up in important leading posts of the party and the state.
In the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, Comrade Deng Yingchao served as a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, the second secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, honorary chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, head of the leading group for Taiwan work, and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. She participated in the formulation of a series of major policy decisions of the party and the state, put forward many important ideas and suggestions, and made important contributions to party building, the united front, and the reunification of the motherland.
1. We have carried out creative work in foreign exchanges and many other aspects, and have made important contributions to the creation and building of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
At the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Deng Yingchao was co-opted into the Political Bureau and elected as the second secretary of the Discipline Inspection Committee. During the period of discipline inspection, she clearly proposed to "unswervingly do a good job in the party style"; She has directly participated in the rehabilitation of major unjust, false and wrongful cases, and reviewed a large number of historical backlog cases; She participated in the formulation of important laws and regulations within the Party, such as "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party" and "Several Provisions on the Living Treatment of Senior Cadres", which brought "a new atmosphere" to the construction of the Party; She encouraged comrades engaged in discipline inspection work to overcome their fear of difficulties, pointing out: "In the past, we always said that we must face up to difficulties and not retreat in the face of difficulties. Our comrades in discipline inspection work should be all the more exemplary in this regard. ”
Comrade Deng Yingchao made pioneering contributions to the development of the CPPCC cause in the new era. During her tenure as chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), she devoted herself to upholding and improving the system of cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and firmly implementing the CPC's policy of "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity, and sharing weal and woe". She clearly pointed out that the CPPCC should, under the banner of patriotism and socialism, implement the spirit of great unity and reunification, give more impetus to democracy, broaden the way of expression, let go of work, give full play to the enthusiasm and expertise of CPPCC members, and create conditions for them to make informed contributions and participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs. At her suggestion, the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) implemented innovative measures such as establishing the chairman's office meeting, changing the motions examination committee that was temporarily set up during the past session into a permanent motions working committee, and expanding the number of participating units in the organization. She also directly led the work of implementing policies for CPPCC members and personages of various democratic parties, and promoted the implementation of policies on nationalities, religion, overseas Chinese affairs, and intellectuals. Comrade Deng Yingchao is well-deserved to be hailed as a "great pioneer and outstanding leader" in the cause of the CPPCC.
Comrade Deng Yingchao devoted himself to the great cause of the motherland's reunification. She once said: "I hope that the great cause of the motherland's reunification will lay a foundation for the older generation on both sides of the strait while they are still alive, and open up a road for the next generation." In December 1979, Comrade Deng Yingchao served as the head of the leading group for the work on Taiwan, conscientiously implemented the principle of peaceful reunification of the motherland and the scientific concept of "one country, two systems" put forward by Comrade Yingchao, and did a good job in the work toward Taiwan. In 1981, she guided the drafting of an important speech by the chairman of the National People's Congress to Xinhua News Agency reporters, further expounding the principles and policies on Taiwan's return to the motherland and the realization of peaceful reunification (i.e., "Ye Jiutiao"). This speech has enriched the principles and policies for Taiwan work, especially the connotation of "one country, two systems," and has caused a sensation at home and abroad. She met with many new and old friends from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese circles, conscientiously listened to the opinions and suggestions on the reunification of the motherland, and expounded in detail the party's policy toward Taiwan. Comrades who participated in the talks recalled: "The eldest sister is good at speaking and being good at doing people's ideological work. When talking about the party's policy on the reunification of the motherland, it always penetrates into the hearts of the other side in different languages according to different targets, so that old friends feel cordial and new friends are happy. She suggested and guided the drafting of an open letter from Comrade Liao Chengzhi to Chiang Ching-kuo, and personally sent a letter to Soong Meiling, expressing her "deep willingness to work with my wife to seek the reunification of our country and nation, so that our China can take off in the world." These letters fully expressed the communists' broad-mindedness and deep expectations for the reunification of the motherland, and aroused strong repercussions.
Comrade Deng Yingchao worked hard to develop the cause of friendship with foreign countries in the new period. During Comrade Deng Yingchao's tenure as vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the international community paid general attention to China's political trend and foreign policy in the new period. She led a delegation of the National People's Congress to visit many countries and regions. During the visit, Comrade Deng Yingchao was widely praised for his modesty and kindness, simple style, sincere attitude, and political acumen. She paid special attention to briefing the world on China's principles and policies for reform and opening up, indicating that China will continue to uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and continue to strengthen its traditional friendship and friendly exchanges with other countries. In the process of China's historical turning point, she has played an important role in declaring the policies of the party and the state, spreading friendship, and establishing the country's image, thus paving the way for the further development of foreign relations in the new era.
In 1988, after Comrade Deng Yingchao retired from the leadership post, he still paid attention to the fate of the party and the country, resolutely supported the leading collective with Comrade Deng as the core, and paid attention to the development of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the spring of 1992, when she was critically ill, she also asked her secretary to read Comrade ***'s Southern Speech to her, and expressed her very much approval. On July 11, Comrade Deng Yingchao passed away in Beijing, truly achieving "life is endless, struggle is not stopped".
Fourth, "Long live the spirit", set up an eternal monument in the hearts of the people.
Comrade Deng Yingchao often said: "People always have to die, but long live the spirit." She, like Comrade ***, is "a person who never wants to erect a monument for herself", but her noble spirit and great demeanor have set up an eternal monument in the hearts of the people.
In commemorating Comrade Deng Yingchao, we should learn from her lofty character of sticking to her ideals and being loyal to the party. Since the day she joined the party, she has established a firm belief in socialism and communism, is full of boundless loyalty to the party and the people, and "made up her mind to sacrifice everything for the revolution." At the age of 75, she still said to her young comrades: "I am willing to work together with you and fight for our common communist cause." Communists are not allowed to be discouraged, they are not allowed to be deceived, and I have never felt that I am old. * The general secretary pointed out: "Our ideals and convictions determine our direction and position, as well as our words and actions. "When we study Comrade Deng Yingchao, we must keep in mind that ideals and beliefs are the foundation of a Communist's life and the political soul of a Communist, and we should work hard to strengthen our soul, adhere to the ideals and beliefs of Communists, and strive for communism all our lives.
When we commemorate Comrade Deng Yingchao, we should learn from her feelings of being a public servant who loves and serves the people. She was extremely indignant at the old society, which "regarded women as playthings and slaves", and was determined to eliminate injustice and pain for the people, and devoted herself to the women's liberation movement, fighting for it all her life. "Serving the people wholeheartedly is endless, unlimited, until you finally stop breathing," she said. Throughout her life, she "took herself seriously, took things seriously, and treated people sincerely," and her ties with the masses were heart-to-heart, planting warm seeds in people's hearts. **The general secretary pointed out: "The foundation of the Communist Party of China is in the people, the blood is in the people, and the strength is in the people. "To learn from Comrade Deng Yingchao, we must always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses of the people, always want to be with the people, work together, stand together through thick and thin, and share weal and woe.
When we commemorate Comrade Deng Yingchao, we should learn from her spirit of courage to take responsibility and forge ahead. When he was a teenager, Comrade Deng Yingchao threw himself into the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary torrent with great enthusiasm. In her more than 70 years of revolutionary career, no matter what work the party assigned, she was able to devote herself wholeheartedly, carry out her work creatively, and quickly open up the work situation. Her favorite poems, "Spring is not autumn after it, why worry about age", "The people's cause is long-lasting, whose life is combined with it, gray hair can't go up to his head", is the most vivid portrayal of her fighting spirit. **The general secretary pointed out: "Cadres dare to take responsibility, which is not only a political character, but also a political duty. "To learn from Comrade Deng Yingchao, we must dare to take responsibility, have the courage to face contradictions, be good at solving problems, and strive to create achievements that can stand the test of practice, the people, and history.
In commemorating Comrade Deng Yingchao, we should learn from her fine style of being approachable and strict with herself. Comrade Deng Yingchao is easy and kind, reasonable, has a broad heart, is the most sympathetic and considerate of others, and makes people feel like a spring breeze, and everyone affectionately calls her "Sister Deng". Comrade Deng Yingchao and Comrade *** have abided by the agreement of "not working together in a specific department" for decades, often reminded each other, strictly abided by the party's discipline under all circumstances, and kept the party's secrets. They have set up "ten family rules" and strictly required their relatives and staff members to never use their power for personal gain. After the death of Comrade Deng Yingchao, according to her last wishes, people put on an old suit that she wore when she saw off Comrade *** 16 years ago; The ashes are put into the old urn used by Comrade *** when he died; Her ashes were scattered in the Haihe River in Tianjin, blending into the rolling sea. Such an aftermath arrangement is deeply touching and tear-jerking. ** The general secretary pointed out: "The style of the party is the image of the party. "When we learn from Comrade Deng Yingchao, we must be fearful, wary of words, and stop in deeds, never engage in privileges at any time, do not abuse power for personal gain, and be loyal, clean and responsible.
Today, the great cause pioneered by Comrade Deng Yingchao and other revolutionaries of the older generation is thriving, the great ideals they pursued are becoming reality, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is showing an unprecedentedly bright prospect. We must inherit and carry forward the precious spiritual wealth of Comrade Deng Yingchao and other revolutionaries of the older generation, unite more closely around Comrade Deng Yingchao as the core, fully implement the socialist thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era and the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, seize the day, fight tenaciously, and follow the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization!
People** 2024-02-04 05 Edition).