Morel mushrooms are particularly rich in protein, carbohydrates and vitamins, with up to 20 kinds of amino acids and a content of 4747% is especially high in essential amino acids, accounting for 47 of the total amino acids48%, is a rare health food, the total protein content is 14 times; The carbohydrate content accounts for about 349%～44.0%0。The content of trace elements such as vitamins and minerals is high;
The fat content is low, accounting for only 27%～12.0% 78。In addition, morel mushroom is rich in a variety of bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, steroids, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc., with antioxidant, anti-fatigue, liver protection, kidney protection, hypolipidemic, antithrombosis, anti-virus, anti-tumor and other health care effects, in food, health products, medicine, cosmetics and other fields have broad application prospects.
2.1 Culture.
The main varieties of morel mushrooms in Henan are Sichuan morel series, Kunzhi series, etc., but in recent years, the varieties used in the production of morel mushrooms are far more than the above types, and most varieties are not very clear. Morel varieties are edible fungi with independent intellectual property rights in China, which have been included in the scope of variety rights protection, and the morel varieties that have passed the examination and approval are "Sichuan morel No. 1" and "Sichuan morel No. 3" and "Sichuan morel No. 4" selected and bred by the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Sichuan morel No. 5 "Sichuan morel No. 6", "Kunzhi No. 1" and "Kunzhi No. 2" selected and bred by Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan Province, and "medium mushroom morel" selected and bred by Kunming Institute of Botany, All-China Supply and Marketing Cooperative.
No. 1", Nannong No. 1 selected and bred by Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, etc.
Morel strains Morel strains can be isolated by tissue isolation, single spor isolation, multi-spor isolation, multi-sclerotinia isolation, single sclerotinia isolation, hihistosporium mixed isolation and other technologies. The preparation of morel mushroom strains is divided into mother species (first-class species), original species (second-class species) and cultivated species (** species).
Types of understory cultivation arches.
Edible mushroom cultivation under the forest is one of the important economic models under the forest, and the commonly used cultivation modes are divided into two types: ordinary understory cultivation and fruit grove interplanting: ordinary interplanting morel mushrooms can be used in winter deciduous forests and non-deciduous forests. In winter deciduous forests, when the canopy density does not meet the demand, it is still necessary to build a shade net; Interplanting morels among fruit trees such as peach trees and kiwi trees can create greater economic value by using the winter slack period of the orchard. According to the size of the forest spacing, the types of arch sheds can be divided into the following two categories.
Low shed: round small arch and rectangular arch, height 075m
left and right, which is not conducive to management operations, and the temperature control effect is not good.
It is suitable for forests with forest spacing less than 2m, and the cost of this model is low, but the ability to resist natural disasters is poor, and the manual operation is inconvenient in the later stage, so it is suitable for small-area cultivation and use.
Medium arch shed: height 1About 8 m, easy to manage, more favorable for temperature and humidity control in the later stage, small arch sheds can be built in the shed during the mushroom production period.
It is suitable for forests with forest spacing greater than 2m, and this model has strong ability to resist natural disasters and is easy to operate manually, which is the main promotion mode of understory cultivation at present.