Peng Dehuai re walked the Dadu River and found that even if the Luding Bridge was blown up, the Red

The 25,000-mile Long March of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army left behind countless stories that can be sung and cried, as well as classic battles that are thrilling and heart-wrenching. Among these classic battles, the author believes that there are two of the most talked about.

One is the battle of the four crossings of Chishui that made *** still proud in his later years, and the other is the flying Luding Bridge that appeared in primary school textbooks.

Fly to capture the Luding Bridge.

The area where Luding Bridge is located is the main road from Sichuan to Kangding, **, where there are many business travelers, but the Dadu River, an important tributary of the Minjiang River, is also traversed. The terrain of Dadu River is dangerous, the river surface is more than 100 meters wide, and the water flow is very turbulent, when there is no bridge, people mostly rely on bamboo ropes, rattan ropes to cross the river in only a few ferries. Later, in order to strengthen the connection with the Qing Dynasty, the Luding Bridge was built.

The construction of Luding Bridge started in the 44th year of Kangxi and was completed the following year, with a total length of about 10367 meters, about 3 meters wide. The bridge is composed of 13 iron chains, each weighing about 16 tons, made of 850 to 1,000 bowl-thick iron rings. There are 9 iron chains on the bridge deck, and 2 iron chains on each side of the bridge railing. The bridge is paved with wooden planks, and even if the waves of the Dadu River under the bridge are turbulent, pedestrians, vehicles and horses are unimpeded.

There are bridge pavilions built on the abutments of Luding Bridge, which is the place where the government collects bridge taxes. There is a Kangxi imperial "Luding Bridge" tablet in the East Bridge Pavilion, and the beginning and end of building the bridge are written; On the west side, there are three big characters of "Luding Bridge" written by Kangxi Yupen.

There are also two poems on the stone tablet at the head of the bridge: Wanzhong Mountain by the Luding Bridge, the peak is thousands of miles into the clouds.

Because it was built with the approval of Emperor Kangxi, Luding Bridge is also known as the "Imperial Bridge". The completion of the Luding Bridge allowed the Qing Dynasty to consolidate its rule in the Sichuan-Tibet region, and also made the region a hub of Sichuan-Tibet exchanges.

Luding Bridge today.

Regarding the history of the Dadu River, we have to mention the story of Shi Dakai, the "Wing King" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, who was defeated and died here.

Shi Dakai, the general of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the "Wing King", led nearly 40,000 troops to Xichang, planning to go north to force the Dadu River and seize the Sichuan Basin.

From Xichang to the north to force the Dadu River, there are three plans:

One is to take the road on the right, cross the Xiaoxiangling, pass through the west to the Dashubao-Fulin area to cross the river, where the water flow is slower, you can reach Ya'an after crossing the river, and then the whole army will point to Chengdu - this road is the ancient road into Sichuan and Shu;

The second is to take the path on the left, pass through Mianning all the way to the north, and go directly to the most famous ferry port of the Dadu River - Anshun Field, where the Dadu River is narrower. However, the road has to pass through the local Yi gathering area, the contradiction between the Yi and Han is very deep, the soldiers are very likely to be attacked by them, and this place is also easy to be outflanked by the Qing army;

If the method of crossing the river in Anshunchang does not work, then use the third option:About 240 miles further north from Anshun Field, the whole army crossed the river by the Luding Bridge, the only bridge between Sichuan and Tibet.

Shi Dakai faced a choice.

Luo Bingzhang, the governor of Sichuan, who was in charge of facing Shi Dakai, deployed the main force of the Qing army along the Dadu River, preparing to wait for the big driver.

Because the big road and Xiaoxiangling are the ancient roads into Sichuan and Shu, Shi Dakai expected that the Qing army would definitely gather the main force here (Luo Bingzhang did this), so he decided to take the small road.

Shi Dakai's military advisor Cao Crouching Hu suggested that it was not wrong to take the path, but Anshun Field was by no means the best place to cross the river. Because the Qing army was strong and clear, the Taiping army could not find so many ships, so they could only rest in Anshun Field, and then quickly go north to cross the river from Luding Bridge.

But Shi Dakai insisted on crossing the river from Anshun Field.

Shi Dakai first sent people to bribe the Yi Tusi for money, and the Yi people made way for them. Along the way, Shi Dakai's army did not encounter any resistance from the Qing army and successfully arrived at Anshun Field.

But Shi Dakai did not cross the river immediately, and actually ordered people to make rafts from local materials in Anshun Field and raise grain and grass.

Taiping Army. The weather is gradually warming up, and the snow is beginning to melt in the nearby snow-capped mountains. Overnight, the water level of the Dadu River rose sharply. At this moment, it is difficult for Shi Dakai to cross the river even if he uses a raft.

Cao Crouching Tiger saw that the big thing was not good, so he persuaded Shi Dakai bitterly, saying that if Anshun Field could not find a boat, it would become a place of right and wrong, and the army must not stay for a long time, and it was a waste of time to make a raft on the spot, and he should immediately go north to cross the river through the Luding Bridge.

Shi Dakai didn't listen, and said that he would wait until the river eased before crossing the river.

This will kill him.

Two days later, the flow of the Dadu River gradually eased, and just when Shi Dakai thought that the time had come to cross the river, he found that he had fallen into the siege of the Qing army! It turned out that in the two days that Shi Dakai was waiting, several Qing troops under Luo Bingzhang took advantage of the situation to pursue and encircle, forming an encirclement of nearly 40,000 Taiping troops.

It is worth mentioning that even the local Yi Tusi who accepted Shi Dakai's bribes was bought by Luo Bingzhang with a higher bounty, and they also joined the battle to encircle and suppress Shi Dakai.

The encirclement of the Qing army shrank smaller and smaller, and the Yi armed forces were also dispersed into small forces, constantly attacking and harassing the Taiping army with their familiarity with the terrain. After 27 days of hard fighting, the Taiping army, which lacked food, finally had only more than 6,000 people left. Shi Dakai, who was embattled, had to lead his troops to surrender, thinking"Save the officers and men of the three armies with the life of one person."

In the end, Shi Dakai was executed by Ling Chi in Chengdu, and the famous "Wing King" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom fell.

Wing King "Shi Dakai."

You must know that from the time Shi Dakai led his troops to Anshun Field until the river surged, the deployment of the Qing army had not been completed, and if he had listened to the words of the military advisor Cao Crouching Tiger and immediately went north to Luding Bridge to cross the river, he might not have ended up like this.

The story of Shi Dakai's defeat and death in the Dadu River was recorded in a book called "The Continuation of Yong'an Wen", and *** and Chiang Kai-shek read this story almost at the same time, because their "Yong'an Wen Continuation" was sent by Long Yun, the "King of Yunnan".

Maybe Shi Dakai's spirit in the sky didn't expect that the same scene would appear again 72 years later.

Also in May, when **led the Red Army to cross the Jinsha River and reach the Xichang area, Lao Jiang was determined to make *** become "Shi Dakai's second".

After leading the Red Army to cross the Jinsha River, it advanced to the Dadu River non-stop.

At that time, the Red Fourth Front Army, under the command of Chen Changhao, had already won the victory in the Battle of Jialinjiang, and went all the way west to occupy Maoxian, Weizhou and other areas in Sichuan, and successfully contained the main force of the Sichuan Army. According to the situation at this time, as long as he led his troops to cross the Dadu River, and then went north to join the Red Fourth Front Army, the officers and men of the whole army could turn the danger into a disaster.

The Red Army on the Long March.

Chiang Kai-shek's men and horses pounced on the south bank of the Jinsha River, and when he knew that the Red Army was running towards the Dadu River like Shi Dakai back then, he immediately made deployment adjustments

ordered Xue Yue to lead the main force of more than 100,000 people to cross the Jinsha River and continue to pursue the main force of the Red Army north;

Ordered the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to be the commander-in-chief of the Dadu River garrison, and his men and horses were divided into two routes, one was distributed in the entire downstream of Fulin, an important major road crossing point of the Dadu River, and the other was stationed in Hongya, east of Ya'an;

ordered the Sichuan warlord Wang Zejun to lead a brigade to guard the Fulin River crossing point;

Liu Wenhui, chairman of the Xikangjian Provincial Committee, was ordered to lead the Chuankang Border Guards to garrison along the river at Luding Bridge-Anshunchang-Fulin.

Like Shi Dakai, the Red Army was also faced with the choice between a small road and a large road. ** With this in mind, it was decided to send advance teams to both sides to investigate. The Xiaolu Advance Regiment was led by *** and ***, and had under the jurisdiction of the 1st Regiment of the 1st Division of the Red Army, as well as the engineer company and artillery company; The Dalu Advance Regiment was led by Zuo Quan and Liu Yalou, and had under its jurisdiction the 5th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the 1st Red Army and the reconnaissance troops.

** Soon after setting off, the advance regiment with the small road discovered a huge flaw in Chiang Kai-shek's entire deployment: Lao Chiang actually let Wang Zejun have a whole brigade of nearly 5 regiments to defend the Fulin Ferry on the main road, but let Liu Wenhui's 2 brigades defend the entire upstream from the Fulin Ferry to the Luding Bridge. In this way, there is only one battalion of troops stationed on the other side of the Anshun field at the small road ferry!

**Report Now**:It is recommended to cross the river from Anshun Field on the small road, and the main road can send troops to make a feint, creating the illusion that our army is going to cross the river from Fulin.

** approved this decision, ordered Zuo Quan and Liu Yalou to lead the Dalu advance regiment to continue to advance towards Fulin, ** led the Xiaolu advance regiment to take Anshun Field first, and then the Red 3, Red 5, and Red 9 Corps continued to follow up.

Liu Wenhui also issued two orders: the first was to burn all the houses in Anshun Field and the boats that could cross the river, and meet the Red Army with strong walls and clear fields; The second was to dismantle the originally intact Luding Bridge to only 13 iron cables, and set up machine-gun positions opposite the bridge to prevent the Red Army from crossing the bridge.

Liu Wenhui thought that if the Red Army wanted to cross the river from the small road Anshunchang, it would have to pass through the Yi gathering place, where the Yi people were not easy to mess with.

An scorched earth, Anshun Field without ships, Luding Bridge, which was heavily defended with only a few iron chains, and the Yi people who were in conflict with the Han people. Liu Wenhui really couldn't think of any way for the Red Army to cross the river. What's more, Xue Yue's main force was still in hot pursuit, and the retreat of the Red Army was also precarious.

Anshun field. But Liu Wenhui did not expect that these problems would be resolved by the Red Army one by one later.

The first "divine assist" came from Xiao Yedan, the leader of the Yi tribe.

** As soon as the advance group led the small road into the territory of the Yi people, it was attacked by the Yi armed forces, the vanguard and the Yi Guoji family were negotiating, and the engineering company behind was disarmed by the Yi people, but the whole army was pursued"If you don't fight back, you can't scold back".resolutely do not conflict with them.

The local Sichuan warlords adopted a policy of racial discrimination against the Yi, but the Yi people found that the army in front of them was a truly civilized army, unlike those warlords. In the end, ** and Xiao Yedan, the leader of the Yi Guoji family, held the famous Yihai alliance ceremony, and the two became brothers. ** also said to Xiao Yedan: "The Yi compatriots should be united internally, don't beat your own people, we should deal with the warlords who bully you together." ”

Unlike Shi Dakai 72 years ago, ** did not use money, but exchanged the trust of the Yi compatriots with sincerity, which moved Xiao Yedan greatly, and he immediately sent someone to escort the Red Army through the Baili Yi District.

Monument to the Yihai Alliance.

The second "God Assist" came from Lai Zhizhong, the commander of the defending battalion in Anshun Field.

Liu Wenhui gave the order to burn the buildings and ships in Anshunchang, but the commander of the garrison battalion, Lai Zhizhong, did not fully carry it out. Because this person is still a big landowner in Anshunchang, Liu Wenhui wants to burn their house and boat, which is like using a knife to cut his flesh.

Lai Zhizhong was sure that the Red Army would not come to Anshun Field, but would cross the river from Fulin on the right road, because he saw with his own eyes that most of the Red Army had gone to Fulin, how could they come to Anshun Field? Even if they came, it would not be so easy for them to pass through the Yi area, and they would definitely die for a lifetime. Moreover, Anshun Field was the place where Shi Da's army was defeated back then, and this place is unlucky!

Lai Zhizhong underestimated the Red Army too much, and he underestimated ***.

Soon after, ** sent Sun Jixian, the commander of the 1st Battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Red 1st Division, to attack Anshun Field, Sun Jixian let the whole battalion divide into three ways, and took Anshun Field by dividing five by two.

It is worth mentioning that the Red Army not only successfully captured the Anshun ferry, but also luckily captured three boats.

These three boats, which could only accommodate a dozen people, were originally used by Lai Zhizhong to prepare for his escape, but they played a huge role in the later operations of the Red Army.

Dadu. The third "divine assist" came from the Red Army's "sharpshooter" Zhao Zhangcheng.

After the Red Army took Anshun Field, it immediately organized manpower to prepare to take the landing point on the other side of the river. ** Ordered to set up machine gun positions along the Anshun Field River as support fire, and also made their "sharpshooter" Zhao Zhangcheng ready to support artillery fire at any time.

Then, Sun Jixian carefully selected 17 commandos, and together with himself, formed 18 river crossing warriors. Each of them was armed with a submachine gun, a large knife on his back, and five or six grenades pinned to his waist. They boarded a captured boat and set out with the hope of all.

Although the enemy on the other side of the river had only one battalion of troops, and their combat effectiveness was not even second-rate, their machine-gun pillboxes were a big threat to the ferry. Zhao Zhangcheng only had one mortar and four shells in his hands, and he had to take out the pillbox within four cannons.

Zhao Zhangcheng fired three shells at the enemy pillbox on the opposite bank, two of which hit directly, eliminating their threat to the Red Army ferry.

At the same time, the machine-gun positions of the Red Army struggled to suppress fire. With the unremitting efforts of the boatmen, the 18 warriors finally made it to the other side after a lot of hardships. Then they jumped out of the boat and killed the enemy with submachine guns, grenades and broadswords, creating a military miracle of 18 men repelling a battalion of the enemy.

Eighteen people crossed the river by boat.

The fourth "God Assist" came from a local veteran talent.

18 warriors left a military myth destined to go down in history forever on the Dadu River, but they found a new problem: although both sides of Anshun Field have been taken by the Red Army, they only rely on three boats to transport all 30,000 Red Army members across the river, which is absolutely impossible.

The question raised by Cao Crouching, Shi Dakai's military division, appeared again.

** I don't want history to repeat itself, he himself will never be the second Shi Dakai. At this time, the director of the General Political Department of the Red Army told *** that there was an old Xiucai in his 90s in the local area, who had witnessed the defeat of Shi Da 72 years ago and could listen to his opinions.

** Hearing the news, he hurriedly went to ask for a plan, and Lao Xiucai directly pointed out that Shi Dakai made two mistakes back then:

Clause. 1. When he arrived at Anshun Field, he did not immediately enter Luding Bridge, and wasted two days in vain; Clause.

Second, Shi Dakai did not handle the relationship with the Yi people well, and the method of buying them with money is unreliable.

Lao Xiucai told *** Anshun Field must not stay for a long time, and only by going north 300 miles to cross the Luding Bridge can the whole situation live. ”

**Daxi, repeatedly praised the old gentleman should not be a showman, but should be the champion.

With the farmers.

Under these four "divine assistances", the Red Army's plan to seize the Luding Bridge was about to come out.

After much deliberation, one was announced in the morning"The left and right armies march hand in hand".The Bridge-Capture Project:

The commander of the Red 1st Army Corps** led the Corps Headquarters, the Red 2nd Division and the Red 5th Army Corps to form the Left Route Army, which advanced along the west bank of the Dadu River from Anshun Field and went north to seize the Luding Bridge;

He led the 1st Division of the 1st Red Army Corps and the cadres to form the Right Route Army, first crossed the Dadu River from Anshun Field, and the 1st Red Division went north along the east bank of the Dadu River and advanced towards Luding. The cadre regiment fought in the opposite direction to cover the back of the 1st Red Division;

The core column of the Red Army, the Red 3rd Army Corps of **, and the Red 9th Army Corps of Luo Binghui followed suit;

The Dalu advance group led by Zuo Quan and Liu Yalou confused Fulin's Wang Zejun Brigade for another day and quickly moved.

This is a foolproof plan, which is equivalent to a flanking attack on the Luding Bridge by two armies. In case the ** Left Route Army fails to seize the bridge from the west bank of the Dadu River, there is also the *** Right Route Army from the east bank of the Luding Bridge sneak attack. Even if the river crossing failed, the Right Route Army could still establish a base on the north bank of the Dadu River, because the Red Army cadre regiment was with them.

The left and right armies marched north towards Luding Bridge.

At this time, Liu Wenhui reported upwards that only a few hundred Red Army troops crossed the river in Anshun Field, and it was by no means a large army; At the same time, Wang Zejun's brigade stationed in Fulin also reported to Lao Chiang that the Red Army on the other side was cutting down trees to make rafts. All these phenomena convinced Chiang Kai-shek that the main force of the Red Army would definitely cross the river in the Fulin area on the right road.

As everyone knows, this is all the Red Army's plan to "attack the west from the east."

Until the order to seize the bridge was issued, what followed was a thrilling "ultramarathon". The total length from Anshun Field to Luding Bridge is about 330 miles, and the left and right columns are required to arrive at Luding Bridge in two and a half days.

The bridge-capturing unit of the left column of the Red Army was the 1st Regiment of the 2nd Division of the 4th Army Corps of the Red Army, the regiment commander Huang Kaixiang and the political commissar Yang Chengwu, who led the troops to set off, marching and fighting along the way, and ran 90 miles on the first day, but on the morning of the 28th, the order suddenly changed.

The order came from the commander of the Red 1st Legion**:

Huang Kaixiang and Yang Chengwu: The Central Military Commission has sent a telegram saying that the Left Route Army will be limited to seizing the Luding Bridge tomorrow, and you must use the highest marching speed and resolute means of maneuver to accomplish this glorious task. In this battle, you broke the previous record of running 160 miles in one day by Daozhou and the five regiments of Duck Creek!

Yang Chengwu during the Red Army.

Huang Kaixiang and Yang Chengwu led their troops all the way to the front, and they fought in a rapid march along the way, and they had to prevent them from falling behind, which was simply an impossible task. But the heroic Red Army soldiers did not stop for a moment, did not sleep for a minute, endured the unbearable fatigue of ordinary people, and rushed to the Luding Bridge at the fastest speed.

When the Red Army soldiers were still 110 miles away from the Luding Bridge, it suddenly began to rain, which greatly increased the difficulty of their march, but still did not deter them. The soldiers could not make a fire to cook, they drank rain when they were thirsty, ate raw rice when they were hungry, and they must rush to Luding Bridge in the morning at all costs!

It is worth mentioning that Chiang Kai-shek once ordered Liu Wenhui to blow up the Luding Bridge, so that the Red Army would not be able to cross the Dadu River even with the help of the gods.

However, Liu Wenhui did not blow up the bridge, firstly, because the Luding Bridge is of great significance to Sichuan and Tibet, and a rash blow up will seriously affect the trade between Sichuan and Tibet and damage the local economy. and blowing up the bridge built by Kangxi's decree back then has a bad reputation; Second, let's go. With just a few iron chains and machine-gun bunkers on the other side of the river, Liu Wenhui expected that the Red Army would never be able to cross, which was similar to the effect of blowing up the bridge.

Luding Bridge old **.

The 4th Regiment of Huang Kaixiang and Yang Chengwu finally arrived on the west bank of the Luding Bridge and successfully completed the marching mission. In other words, they marched 240 miles in 25 hours and accomplished a remarkable military miracle.

Liu Wenhui didn't expect that the Red Army would come so quickly.

After some rest, the 4th Regiment began the battle to capture the bridge.

The battle was scheduled to begin at 4 p.m.

Huang Kaixiang, commander of the 4th Red Regiment, ordered all the more than 100 light and heavy machine guns of the regiment to be erected on the shore and fired directly at the bridgehead of the Sichuan army on the opposite side.

Huang Kaixiang personally selected 22 soldiers led by company commander Liao Dazhu and instructor Wang Haiyun as the bridge assault team. The 22 warriors climbed the icy Luding Bridge cable, and below it was the surging Dadu River. Under the cover of more than 100 machine guns, the warriors held the iron rope firmly in one hand and the gun in the other, and slowly moved forward as they fired.

Behind the 22 warriors were two companies of soldiers, each of whom held a plank in his hand, ready to set up a plank behind the 22 warriors; The latter company was the first wave of assault troops, and when the planks were erected, they took advantage of the situation to charge and occupy the bridgehead on the opposite bank.

The Red Army flew to capture the Luding Bridge.

Undaunted, the 22 warriors marched forward against the rain of bullets fired by the enemy, whose bullets hit the wire with a "boom, boom", but this did not deter them. The Red Army's covering fire became more and more fierce, and the enemy army could no longer hold on at all, and they did not expect the Red Army to cross the river from here, so there were not many people left behind in Luding.

The companies behind were not idle, and the warriors of the bridge took a step forward to the opposite bank, and they followed closely behind with a plank.

When the Red Army soldiers climbed to the middle of the bridge, the enemy jumped over the wall in a hurry and set fire to the opposite bridgehead, in a vain attempt to block the Red Army's determination to seize the bridge with raging flames. Seeing this scene, Yang Chengwu shouted behind him: "Comrades, this is the last moment, don't be afraid of the fire, rush over!" Get over it! The enemy is down! Rush over! ”

Company Commander Liao Dazhu also shouted: "Comrades, this is the last moment of victory, muster up courage and rush over!" Don't be afraid of fire, rush! The enemy is down, rush! Then he jumped up and pounced on the opposite bridge, and the warriors behind him followed, and everyone drew their broadswords on their backs and engaged the enemy in a white-knuckle battle.

The bridgehead of the Luding Bridge was successfully occupied by the Red Army.

When the enemy, led by Regiment Commander Li Quanshan, was about to counterattack, their left flank suddenly burst into gunfire. It turned out that the right army led by ** arrived in time, and the soldiers poured into Luding City like a tide.

At this moment, the enemy is completely gone.

Heroic Red Army soldiers.

The capture of Luding Bridge was a very classic battle in the history of the Red Army, and none of the 22 warriors **, after the battle, each of them received a new set of clothes, a pen, a notebook, a water cup, and a pair of chopsticks as prizes.

A day later, the Red Army's large forces arrived at Luding Bridge in turn, and the entire Dadu River, Wang Zejun and Liu Wenhui's Sichuan Army troops could only watch the Red Army move westward and were helpless. Xue Yue's forward troops had just arrived in Mianning, and they couldn't catch up if they wanted to.

Late that night, ** and *** entered Luding City, and they visited Luding Bridge with Wang Kaixiang and Yang Chengwu in the night.

When I turned back from the west of the bridge and walked to the bridge, I suddenly stopped, stomped three feet on the solid bridge board, and said with emotion: "Luding Bridge, Luding Bridge, how much effort we have spent for you!" Now we win! We've won! ”

After the Red Army Brigade arrived at the opposite bank from the Luding Bridge one after another, they stroked the iron chains on the bridge and said with emotion: "This is really a military miracle, and a monument should be erected here!" ”

* After the Red Army's more than 30,000 people all passed through the Luding Bridge, it was suggested that the Luding Bridge be blown up to block Xue Yue's pursuers, but *** did not agree. This glorious bridge has not fallen for 300 years, and it will survive for future generations, so how can it be said that it will be blown up? Besides, even Liu Wenhui didn't blow it up in order to stop the Red Army, so how could it be destroyed in the hands of the Red Army?

The Red Army and the common people.

But Xue Yue's pursuers had to be defended, so the soldiers sawed off the four iron cables on the bridge, so that the common people could still travel unimpeded, but the baggage troops of the Kuomintang army were exhausted.

The battle for the capture of the Luding Bridge is still talked about many years later, but at the same time, it also raises a question of divergent opinions:If Liu Wenhui had blown up the Luding Bridge at that time, would the Red Army not have been able to cross the Dadu River?

The answer to this question has long been found.

**Sent to Sichuan as the third deputy director of the "Third Line" Construction Committee of the Southwest Bureau. After visiting the local people, he came to the turbulent Dadu River, and walked along the river bank while reminiscing about the past eventful years.

When he walked from Anshun Field to the Kangding area in the upper reaches of the Dadu River, he was surprised to find that this section of the river was crystal clear and the water flow was also very slow, which was very different from the turbulent river in other sections, and people could wade through it.

**Can't help but think:It doesn't matter if Liu Wenhui blew up the Luding Bridge, as long as the soldiers go up a little further and then wade across the river.

Luding Bridge and its upstream.

** Said: Man will conquer the sky. The soldiers of the Red Army had firm convictions and excellent skills, and in the face of an enemy who had neither of them, no natural danger could stop them.

The ancients said: Things are man-made.