For modern people, no summer means no need to turn on the air conditioner, and there are few pesky pests such as flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches.
There is no summer, the fat man will laugh, and the person who sells air conditioners will cry, but once there is really no summer for a year, it is terrifying.
There was no such thing as summer, which really happened in history, and that was in 1816, because the sun was blocked out in that year.
Of course, for those who did not experience 1816, it is difficult to imagine what happened at that time.
Plants produce glucose and starch through photosynthesis, which form the lowest energy base for nature's species to reproduce and thrive.
After eating the plant, herbivores.
Converted into its own protein, carnivores eat herbivores, and then excrete feces to become nutrients for plants, completing a complete ecological cycle.
And we humans eat both plants and animals, and are the masters of all things, the top of the pyramid of biological chains.
At the end of the day, it all comes from the sun and the light emitted by the sun, and it is precisely because the light emitted by the sun travels 1500 million kilometers of irradiation to the earth, so that the earth is full of life, with vitality, and only after billions of years of biological evolution will human beings be born.
In essence, human beings are children of the earth and the sun, and all we eat is "sunshine".
The equatorial plane, which rotates the Earth, and the ecliptic plane, which revolves around the Sun, have an inclination of 23 degrees.
The different inclinations of the sun hitting the earth cause spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the four seasons of the earth change throughout the year.
This has resulted in different phenologies and landscapes around the world.
Different plants and animals make up our colorful world.
In some high-latitude areas, although the inclination of sunlight is more inclined than that of low-latitude areas, the atmospheric transparency there is very good, and the energy carried by sunlight will also be high, so the crops produced there are full of grains and rich nutrients.
Rice from Northeast China and grapes from Xinjiang are in this category.
The rate of sunlight determines the yield of crops.
A crop's ability to collect sunlight is a function of leaf surface area or leaf area index, and its ability to collect sunlight is maximized when the crop is fully capped.
However, if the light level is insufficient, it is equivalent to a reduction in the leaf area of the plant.
At the same time, solar radiation determines climate and temperature.
Cool spring soil temperatures can slow down seed germination and emergence.
In some years, late spring frosts can affect seedling growth, or early autumn frosts can affect crop yields and grain quality.
For wheat, the typical optimal temperature range for photosynthesis is 15 to 30.
On April 5, 1815, a huge volcano erupted.
The volcano is called Tambora and is located on the northern shore of the Indonesian island of Sumbawa.
The original height of the volcano was 4100 meters, and due to the huge ** produced by the eruption, it flattened the height of the mountain by 1 3.
The eruption caused a tsunami and a tsunami that lasted for three months.
A total of 17 billion cubic kilometers of volcanic ash were sprayed into the sky.
At that time, Indonesia was still ruled by Dutch colonists, and about 10,000 people died on the spot due to the volcanic eruption and tsunami.
This is only the most direct disaster, and the secondary disaster that follows is the most impressive to mankind.
Although the total energy of this volcanic eruption is equivalent to 800 million tons of TNT explosives, the world seems to be calm after that.
We know that Indonesia is near the equator, and under the influence of monsoon winds and atmospheric circulation, volcanic ash drifts from high altitudes to the Northern Hemisphere.
After August 1815, autumn and winter came on as normal, and the earth returned to its former peace.
However, many people are about to face a year without a season, and they don't know what that means.
In 1816 many places lost their summer.
The ash from the eruption of Mount Tambora has had little impact on the area.
But in Europe, China, and the United States, it causes low temperatures.
This is due to the large amount of volcanic ash that blocks the sun's rays, causing widespread cooling.
The spring of 1816 was very cold, but the summer was barely warm, which caused a significant reduction in crop yields.
For the poor, there are almost no food reserves, which means they will face famine and death.
Moreover, because the food has risen very high, the middle class has to use most of its income to buy food, and the middle class has been pushed into poverty.
This led to social unrest and violent revolutions around the world.
After any kind of social stereotype is created, its impact is bound to be far-reaching, and it can never be stopped overnight.
The death rate in England fell dramatically in the 18th century, but in 1816 it increased significantly.
Thirty-five years after the eruption of Mount Tambora, the Chicago ** Market was established in 1848.
The Chicago Stock Exchange was established by 82 grain traders.
We cannot say that the establishment of a market for agricultural products is directly related to the eruption of Mount Tambora, but the crisis caused by human beings and the resulting reserve system are an effective way to sum up in the midst of constant natural disasters.
That's why the world's first formal ** deal, starting with grain.
Trading and building up grain reserves alone is not enough to fully protect against the effects of a massive volcanic eruption, and the day will come.
The next supervolcano eruption will eventually come.
Underneath Yellowstone National Park in the United States is a supervolcano called Yellowstone, which is 100 times larger than Mount Tambora and is an active volcano.
Yellowstone erupted once 2.1 million years ago, 2 1.32 million years ago, 340,000 years ago for the third eruption, and is now close to the fourth eruption cycle.
The smoke and dust after the eruption may obscure the earth's skies for a long time, and if you rely only on solar radiation to produce food, it may be lost for a long time.
With the current food reserves on the planet, it will not last until the day when the dark clouds will disperse.
In the event of such a disaster, the only way to do so is to use the energy from artificial lighting in the factory to produce food.
But this premise is that human beings can completely handle hydrogen fusion. This is also the threshold for mankind to enter the first level of civilization.
Humanity is currently at 0The 75-level civilization stage, the threshold of the first-level civilization, human beings must move forward.
Only when they enter the first-level civilization and come back in 1816 will human beings not be afraid.