The Spring Festival holiday is approaching, many people have embarked on the way home, coupled with the recent cooling in Anhui, Hubei and other places, freezing rain, heavy snow caused by the road surface ice, road traffic safety pressure increased, traffic accidents are frequent. On 6 February, Zhang Lianyang, director of the War Trauma Medicine Department of the Army Characteristic Medical Center, reminded the general public to pay attention to preventing traffic accidents, try to reduce injuries in the event of accidents, and correctly save themselves and each other after being injured.
1. Travel safely and insist on safety first.
1. Prevention first, abide by traffic rules, maintain good driving and walking habits, and do a good job of prevention to ensure the safe travel of vehicles and personnel.
Driving in rain, snow and freezing weather requires special caution and appropriate safety measures.
Pay attention to the weather forecast and road conditions in advance, and try to avoid driving in bad weather, or choose the right path to avoid sections that may be icy. If you must travel, be aware of the weather and road conditions at your destination and take appropriate safety measures.
Slow down and keep a safe distance. In rain, snow and freezing weather, the road surface is slippery and the vehicle is easy to slip, so it is necessary to reduce the speed of the vehicle and maintain sufficient distance to avoid rear-end collisions.
Pay attention to the road conditions, especially in areas such as snow, ice, and water, and slow down or detour in advance. At the same time, pay attention to traffic signs and markings and follow traffic rules.
Use lights and horns wisely. In rain, snow and freezing weather, the reasonable use of lights and horns can improve driving safety. For example, in low visibility conditions, turn on fog lights, marker lights, front and rear position lights, and hazard warning flashers.
Pay attention to keeping the temperature inside and outside the car appropriate. In rain, snow and freezing weather, the temperature in the car is too high or too low will affect the driver's judgment and operation ability, and it is necessary to maintain a suitable temperature.
Have emergency tools and items on hand, such as tire snow chains, warning triangles, car fire extinguishers, etc. During driving, if you encounter a vehicle breakdown or accident, turn on the hazard warning flashing lights in time, place a warning triangle, and move the vehicle to a safe area as soon as possible.
2. Preparation before travel: make relevant preparations before traveling, maximize travel safety, and do a good job of self-protection in case of traffic accidents, avoid injury or reduce the severity of injury, and reduce personnel and property losses.
Do a good job in the daily maintenance of the vehicle to ensure the safe driving of the vehicle.
Do not drink and drive, do not drive tired, do not drive fast, take certain drugs that affect safe driving, and do not drive, and keep a safe distance while driving. Vehicles and pedestrians go their separate ways.
Maintain a high level of concentration when traveling, do not play with mobile phones, do not answer**, detect early and flexibly respond to various road emergencies.
The driver and the passenger should fasten their seat belts, the rider should wear a safety helmet, sit firmly when taking the first tool, and stand with his legs sideways and smoothly when there is no seat.
Always have a first-aid kit (including but not limited to a triangular scarf, nylon mesh sleeve, snap-on tourniquet, bandage, rubber band, sterile supplies such as gauze and disposable gloves, equipment and tools such as first-aid scissors, life-saving hammer, life-saving whistle, etc.) and fire extinguishers.
3. Correctly respond to traffic accidents that are about to occur or have already occurred.
Don't panic, don't hit the steering wheel or go on a rampage. Reducing vehicle speed can effectively reduce loss of people** and property.
The driver should hold the steering wheel tightly, press the clutch and brake pedal with both feet, lean back, and try to fix the body to prevent injury caused by collision.
Passengers should hold the armrests or backrests tightly, lower their heads, and use the backrests or arms of the front seat to protect their heads; At the same time, bend your feet slightly and push forward hard, so that the impact force is consumed between your wrists and leg bends as much as possible, and slow down the speed and strength of your body to rush forward.
Riders or pedestrians protect their heads, chest, and abdomen.
Do not blindly jump out of the car in case of danger, and evacuate in an orderly manner after the vehicle has stopped.
When the vehicle is inevitably about to overturn, you should quickly grasp the fixed objects in the car and keep the body and the car rolling coaxially to avoid injury caused by the body rolling in the car.
If you are thrown out of the cab or cabin, you should quickly hold your head and shrink into a ball and roll over to reduce the damage.
In the event of an accidental fire, you can use a fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire or quickly leave the scene, and try to break the window to escape when the door cannot be opened.
Turn on the double flashing lights of the motor vehicle, and place a tripod warning sign at a safe distance behind the vehicle to remind the vehicle behind.
Try to stay away from accident hazard areas.
Fourth, in the event of an accident, self-rescue and mutual rescue shall be implemented.
After a traffic accident, call for help** at the scene of the accident as soon as possible: 110, medical aid 120, fire 119, traffic accident 122 and highway police rescue**12122, etc.
Save people first, then look at the car, first the seriously injured and then the lightly injured.
Perform general first aid measures on yourself, such as stopping and bandaging the bleeding site, simple fixation of fractures, and do not panic when you are unable to move, and wait for rescue.
When you are burned by a fire, rinse the wound with cold or ice water as soon as possible to reduce the pain.
If the head, chest, and abdomen are hit or pinched, even if it is only a dull pain, it is necessary to be alert to internal organ injuries and should go to the hospital for treatment promptly.
For those who cannot be awakened from a coma, it is necessary to judge the heartbeat by touching the carotid artery, judge the breathing by observing the chest rise and fall, and immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation when the casualty is judged to be breathing and cardiac stopping; If the casualty is judged to be breathing and heartbeat, do not move the patient easily and wait for a professional to arrive. If the casualty is still in the danger zone, it is assumed that the casualty has a spinal fracture, and three or four ambulance personnel will put their hands under the casualty and Pinto move the casualty to a safe area together.
Keep the airway of the casualty open, and lie on the casualty's side or tilt the head to one side when there is bleeding or foreign body in the mouth or nasal cavity to remove blood and foreign bodies.
When the wounded person has active bleeding, bandage and stop bleeding, take local materials, use gauze, handkerchiefs, clean clothes or towels to directly pressurize and cover the bleeding surface, if there are bone fragments, glass fragments or foreign bodies in the wound, the bandaging can be done without pressure.
When bleeding cannot be controlled by bandaging, emergency hemostasis is stopped by ligating the proximal root of the extremity with a tourniquet, and a wooden stick or twister is used instead when a tourniquet is not available.
When the casualty is awake, take the initiative to ask about the location of the pain, and assist in immobilizing the affected limb if a fracture is suspected, which can reduce pain and bleeding. If both upper limbs are fractured, assist the casualty to use a triangular scarf or clothing to hang him; If the spine, pelvis or lower limb is fractured and cannot be moved, avoid secondary injuries caused by moving, wait for a professional to arrive, or use local materials to immobilize the injured limb with a long wooden plank.
When the casualty is in pain or panicking, try to reassure the casualty and wait for a professional to arrive.