In the alternating season of winter and spring, respiratory diseases are menacing, and children and adolescents are particularly high-risk groups. Some children were infected with two or three viruses at the same time, some families were all enrolled, and some schools were closed for the entire grade ......In the face of viruses and bacteria that induce respiratory diseases, everyone began to think about how to improve children's ability to resist respiratory diseases.
Nutrition, as the cornerstone of health, is an important condition for maintaining the normal immune function of the human body. How to use nutrition to help children survive this season of pathogen infestment?
Poor eating increases the risk of disease infection
Children and adolescents are in an important stage of growth and development, and should ensure that they have three meals a day, regular and quantitative meals, regular diet, and adequate energy and nutrient intake. Achieve a variety of foods, and the diet of each meal includes 3 or more types of foods such as cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock, poultry, fish and eggs, milk and soybeans; Eat more than 12 types of food every day and more than 25 foods per week
Children 2-5 years old have 3 main meals and 2 additional meals per day. SelectFoods with a high nutrient density, such as milk, fruits, eggs and nuts, with a small amount of fluffy pastry. Drink 350-500 ml of milk and 600-800 ml of water per day.
Children and adolescents aged 6-17 should arrange three meals reasonablyEat a good breakfast；More than 300 ml of liquid milk or equivalent milk products should be consumed per day.
Picky eating and picky eating in children can lead to an imbalance in nutrient intake and are risk factors for respiratory diseases。For such children, the daily meal should pay attention to the exchange of similar foods and enrich the variety of food. For example, replace rice or noodles with cereals or potatoesAvoid eating one staple food for a long time。Meat and poultry are swapped, fish and shrimp are swapped, and various eggs are exchanged, and the color and variety of vegetables are emphasized.
On the basis of a balanced diet, cook properly and cultivate healthy eating habits. The food provided for children and adolescents should be fresh and hygienic, and it is advisable to choose foods that are peaceful, easy to digest, and spleen-strengthening and appetizing. Reasonable cooking, using steaming, boiling, stewing, simmering and other cooking methodsUse less frying, grilling, pickling, etc
For children aged 2-5 years old, use less seasonings and often change the shape or texture of food, food portions, cooking methods, etc., to increase children's appetite. For 2-3 year old toddlers, food preparation should be appropriateFinely chopped and softWhen eating nuts and whole legumes, you should pay attention to safety and avoid choking into the trachea. Foods with crushed bones, barbs, cores, and shells are not recommended
Encourage your child to try new foods and give them praise to increase their acceptance of food. Guide children to eat independently and attentivelyMake sure you don't watch TV, play with toys or play games while eating。As much as possibleSet meal timesto create a warm dining environment.
Children and adolescents aged 6-17 should not blindly diet or overeat. It is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages, and eat less pickles, spicy strips, candies, preserves, margarine cakes, fatty meats and other foods. As much as possibleEat at homeDevelop an interest in eating。When dining out, we should also pay attention to the variety and reasonable combination of food, especially the freshness and hygiene of food.
Eat well to make the disease heal faster
Parents should eat a healthy diet for sick childrenThey often fall into the trap of polarization。Some parents are worried that the so-called "hair matter" will affect the body**, and every day they either let their children eat rice porridge or boiled noodles in plain water. Some parents are worried that their children's nutrition cannot keep up, so they supplement their children with big fish and meat and various nutrients every day. Neither way is scientific. So, how should children with respiratory diseases eat?
Children under 6 months of age are advised to breastfeed and drink some water. Older children,Eat plenty of foods rich in high-quality proteinAt the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen vitamin supplementation, eat more fruits and vegetables, drink more water, eat a light diet, and eat less seafood such as shrimp and crab, especially children with allergic cough.
The basic dietary principles are as follows
*: Popular Health magazine.
Authors: Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital.
Department of Child Health Care Zhang Lin.
Review: Expert of the National Health Science Popularization Expert Database.
Professor, Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
Cai Meiqin. Editor in charge: Wu Yan.