Wen Zhang Fan.
1. The two sayings and influences of the four Yuan families.
The four families of the Yuan Dynasty refer to the collective name of the four representative painters of landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty, and there are two main sayings:
One refers to Zhao Mengfu, Wu Zhen, Huang Gongwang, and Wang Meng, which can be found in Wang Shizhen's "Art Garden Dialect Appendix" in the Ming Dynasty.
The other theory refers to Huang Gongwang, Wang Meng, Ni Zhan, and Wu Zhen, which can be seen in Dong Qichang's "Rongtai Collection: Painting Purpose" in the Ming Dynasty.
The second theory is more popular, and there are also Zhao Mengfu, Gao Kegong, Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, Ni Zhan, and Wang Meng collectively called the "Yuan Six Families". Although the painting style of the four Yuan families has its own characteristics, it is mainly developed from the foundation of Dong Yuan of the Five Dynasties and Juran of the Northern Song Dynasty, emphasizing brush and ink, still interesting, and combined with calligraphy and poetry, which is the mainstream of landscape painting in the Yuan Dynasty and has a great influence on the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The four Yuan artists have an important position in the history of Chinese painting, and their works have a unique style and have had a profound impact on the art of painting in later generations.
First of all, the Yuan Sijia developed the brush and ink technique of landscape painting to a new level. They pay attention to the expressiveness of brush and ink, and through different brushwork and ink techniques, they express the different forms and textures of landscapes, making landscape paintings more vivid and natural.
Secondly, the four families of Yuan pay attention to the expression of artistic conception. Their works not only express the beauty of nature, but also convey the inner emotions and thoughts of the painters. The expression of this artistic conception makes the work have a higher artistic value.
In addition, the Yuan Sijia also pioneered a new style of landscape painting. Most of their works mainly depict secluded life and literati taste, emphasizing the expressiveness of brush and ink and the expression of artistic conception, and this style is called "literati painting". The emergence of literati painting marked a new stage in the development of Chinese painting art.
The works of the Yuan Sijia had a profound impact on the art of painting in later generations. Their brushwork skills and artistic conception have been borrowed and inherited by later generations of painters. At the same time, their works have also been widely collected and studied, and have become one of the classics in the history of Chinese painting.
2. The life and artistic style of the four Yuan families.
1) Huang Gongwang: The word is long, the number is a peak, and the number is a big idiot, and he is a frequent acquaintance in Jiangsu. He is proficient in astronomy, geography, music, and calligraphy, and is the author of "Landscape Tips". Huang Gongwang's landscape paintings are mainly based on ink painting, the style is beautiful and elegant, and most of them express the natural scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, and are known as the crown of the "Four Yuan Families".
Huang Gongwang's landscape paintings are mainly based on ink painting, and there are two main artistic styles:
The first is the shallow Jiang landscape: the mountain is full of alum, and the gesture is majestic.
The second is the ink landscape: there is less rubbing, the brushwork is simple and far-reaching, and the mountain peaks have a rounded and transparent effect like jade.
Huang Gongwang's painting skills are very particular about the use of pen and ink, mainly in the center, and also in the side, not impatient, calm, plain and innocent. He completely changed the style of painting in the Southern Song Dynasty and promoted the second peak of Chinese landscape painting.
2) Wu Zhen: the word Zhonggui, the number of plum blossom people, Zhejiang Jiashan people. Arrogant temperament, reclusive, and sells divination for a living. He is good at painting landscapes, bamboo and stone, ink and bamboo, and the landscape painters are Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, and his brushwork is vast and gloomy. He is also good at writing poetry.
Wu Zhen's artistic style mainly has the following characteristics:
First of all, the penmanship is vigorous and powerful: Wu Zhen often uses wet brushes and dry pens interactively, and the brushwork is mostly covered with linen, the penmanship is vigorous and powerful, and the style is deep and strong.
Secondly, the composition is concise: Wu Zhen's landscape paintings are concise in composition, with clear layers, a strong sense of space, and far-reaching artistic conception.
Third, the ink color is lush: he makes good use of ink color, especially the contrast between thick ink and light ink, so that the picture has a strong visual impact.
Fourth, a wide range of subjects: Wu Zhen's landscape paintings have a wide range of subjects, including natural landscapes, historical figures, flowers and birds, etc., all of which have high artistic value.
Wu Zhen's landscape paintings, with their unique artistic style, occupy an important position in the history of Chinese painting.
3) Ni Zhan: Ziyuan Town, Yunlinzi, also known as Huanxiazi, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. Ni Zan grew up in a wealthy family, lived a prosperous life, was erudite and ancient, and after the age of 40, he scattered his family wealth and wandered in the Taihu Lake area. He is good at painting landscapes, ink and bamboo, and studied with Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Jing Hao, Guan Tong, etc., with a naïve and faint style and full of poetry.
Ni Zhan's landscape paintings are simple in composition, mainly composed by the Pingyuan method, with a gentle brush and a light ink, creating a new situation in Chinese landscape painting. Most of his paintings are rubbed with dry brushes, and the method is mostly folded with ribbons, and the style is innocent and faint, full of poetry. Representative works include "Autumn Ji Picture of Fishing Village" and "Rong Knee Zhai Picture".
Ni Zhan's painting skills are very particular about the use of pen and ink, mainly in the center, and also in the side, not impatient, calm, plain and innocent. He completely changed the style of painting in the Southern Song Dynasty and promoted the second peak of Chinese landscape painting.
4) Wang Meng: the word Shuming, the number Yellow Crane Shanqiao, a native of Huzhou, Zhejiang. Wang Meng received a good education since childhood, versatile, good at poetry and painting, especially good at painting landscapes, writing dense scenes, and changing layouts.
Wang Meng's landscape paintings are known for their denseness, with mountains and rivers, mountains and mountains, complex compositions, and diverse brushwork. His landscape paintings mostly depict secluded life and literati taste, emphasizing the expressiveness of brush and ink and the expression of artistic conception. His works are vertical and horizontal, densely arranged, rich in layers, exquisite in brushwork, and full of changes, which have had an important impact on the development of landscape painting in the Ming and Qing dynasties. His representative works include "Qingbian Seclusion Map" and "Summer Mountain High Hidden Map" and so on.
3. The influence and contribution of the four Yuan families.
The four Yuan artists have an important position in the history of Chinese painting, and their works have a unique style and have had a profound impact on the art of painting in later generations. The following are the influences and contributions of the Yuan Sijia::
First of all, the painting style and techniques of the Yuan Sijia had an important influence on the landscape paintings of later generations. They pay attention to the expressiveness of brush and ink, and through different brushwork and ink techniques, they express the different forms and textures of landscapes, making landscape paintings more vivid and natural. Most of their works mainly depict secluded life and literati taste, emphasizing the expressiveness of brush and ink and the expression of artistic conception, and this style is called "literati painting". The emergence of literati painting marked a new stage in the development of Chinese painting art.
Second, the works of the four Yuan families have been widely collected and studied, and have become one of the classics in the history of Chinese painting. Their brushwork skills and artistic conception have been borrowed and inherited by later generations of painters. For example, painters such as Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty and Wang Yuanqi in the Qing Dynasty were deeply influenced by the Yuan Four Schools.
Third, the painting ideas and aesthetic concepts of the four Yuan families also had an important influence on the painting art of later generations. They emphasized the lyricism and personality expression of painting, and paid attention to the creation of artistic conception and the expression of emotions, which had a profound impact on the development of Chinese painting.
In general, the influence and contribution of the four Yuan schools lies not only in their painting techniques and styles, but also in their painting ideas and aesthetic concepts, and their works and artistic ideas have had a profound impact on the development of Chinese painting.
Fourth, summarize the artistic achievements and status of the four Yuan families.
The painting style and artistic achievements of the Yuan Sijia had a profound impact on later generations. Personally, I think that the artistic achievements and status of the four scholars are roughly as follows:
1.Huang Gongwang: His landscape paintings are mainly in ink and wash, and his style is beautiful and elegant, mostly showing the natural scenery of the south of the Yangtze River. His painting skills are very particular about the use of pen and ink, mainly in the center, and also in the side, not impatient, calm, plain and innocent. Representative works include "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", "Nine Peaks Snow Ji Map" and so on.
2.Wu Zhen: His landscape paintings are concise in composition, clearly layered, with a strong sense of space and far-reaching artistic conception. His painting techniques are used alternately with wet brushes and dry brushes, and the brushwork is mostly covered with linen, the brushwork is vigorous and powerful, and the style is deep and strong. His representative works include "Fisherman's Father" and "Dongting Fisherman's Hidden Picture".
3.Ni Zhan: The composition of his landscape paintings is simple, mainly based on the Pingyuan method, with a gentle brush and a light ink, which has created a new situation in Chinese landscape painting. His painting skills are mainly centered, and he also uses side strikers, not impatient, calm, plain and innocent. Representative works include "Autumn Ji Picture of Fishing Village" and "Rong Knee Zhai Picture".
4.Wang Meng: His landscape paintings are known for their dense landscapes, with mountains and rivers, mountains and mountains, complex compositions, and diverse brushwork. His painting techniques emphasized the expressiveness of brush and ink and the expression of artistic conception, which had an important impact on the development of landscape painting in the Ming and Qing dynasties. His representative works include "Qingbian Seclusion Map" and "Summer Mountain High Hidden Map" and so on.
The painting style and techniques of the Yuan Sijia had an important influence on the landscape painting of later generations. They pay attention to the expressiveness of brush and ink, and through different brushwork and ink techniques, they express the different forms and textures of landscapes, making landscape paintings more vivid and natural. Most of their works mainly depict secluded life and literati taste, emphasizing the expressiveness of brush and ink and the expression of artistic conception, and this style is called "literati painting". The emergence of literati painting marked the beginning of the development of Chinese painting art.
Studying the artistic style and spiritual connotation of the four Yuan families, I think:
The paintings of the Yuan Sijia are known for their concise brushwork and concise composition. They are good at using simple lines and brushwork to express rich artistic conception and emotion.
The works of the Yuan Sijia emphasize the expression of artistic conception, and convey the author's emotions and thoughts through the depiction of natural scenes. Their works often have a transcendent artistic conception, reflecting the spiritual pursuit of literati and scholars.
In addition, the artistic style of the four Yuan families is also reflected in the combination of poetry and painting. Their works are often combined with literature, and the poetic and cultural connotations of their works are enhanced through inscriptions and inscriptions.
The Yuan Sijia pays attention to the expression of individuality in their artistic creation, and their works have a distinct personal style. Each person's work reflects their unique aesthetic views and emotional experiences.
The works of the Yuan Sijia embody the unity of nature and humanity. Through the observation and depiction of nature, they express their awe of nature, and at the same time, they also connect nature with the spiritual world of man, reflecting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.
The artistic style and spiritual connotation of the Yuan Four Families reflect their deep understanding and perception of nature, life and art. Their works not only have high artistic value, but also have a profound impact on the development of art in later generations.
About author:Zhang Fan is a famous contemporary Chinese painter and Zen scholar. He is currently the president of Suqian Painting Academy of Jiangsu Province, a member of the sixth and fifth standing committee of Suqian City of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Suqian Grassroots Committee of the China Democratic Construction Association, a member of the Art Committee of the Jiangsu Artists Association, a member of the China Guqin Society, and a standing director of the Jiangsu Chinese Painting Society.
It is the main promoter and participant of the "Suqian phenomenon of calligraphy art" in Jiangsu Province.
"Zhang Fan's Painting Exhibition" has been in Nanjing, Xuzhou and Suqian in Jiangsu Province; Lanzhou City, Dingxi City, Zhangye City, Tianshui City, Dunhuang City, Pingliang City, Longnan, Longxi, Wuwei, Qingyang in Gansu Province; Qingdao City, Yantai City, Weifang City, Laiwu City, Qingzhou City, Shandong; It was exhibited in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Fuzhou and other places in Guangdong Province, and was widely praised by the industry.
Mr. Fan Yang, vice president of the Chinese Painting Academy of the China National Academy of Painting, once wrote an article with the title of "Looking at Zhang Fan's Works and Talking about the Current Situation of Chinese Painting", commenting on the artistic ideas and value of his works. One of the promoters of Chinese New Literati Painting, Zhang Fan's landscape paintings and plum blossom series works have a unique style, profound skills, and high artistic attainments, and he is a well-known and powerful painter in the contemporary Chinese painting circle. He has published many personal monographs and edited a series of professional albums. ）