On December 11, 2023, the 50th Pig Industry Conference was held in Guangzhou as scheduled, and Professor Chen Yaosheng from the School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University shared the wonderful content of "Breeding Experience Sharing of Rural Black Pigs". Guanmu Accurate Diagnosis sorted out the content of Professor Chen Yaosheng's explanation, shared it with readers, and took everyone to have an in-depth understanding of pig breeding.
Professor Chen Yaosheng mainly shared the breeding methods of breeding pigs, the essence of breeding, the experience and lessons of cultivating new breeds, the utilization of local pig resources, breeding improvement and the progress of new breeds.
Breeding is an eternal topic in the pig industry, and there are many new methods of breeding, and the basic logic is to rank these individuals (breeds) according to the criteria of selection.
First, pig breeding methods
Professor Chen said that the methods of pig breeding can be classified into two categories (cross breeding, purebred breeding), plus a supporting line (supporting line breeding).
1. Cross-breeding.
Cross-breeding is often used, through the re-aggregation of genetic resources of multiple varieties and strains, and through closed-group selection to stabilize the genetic traits we want and form new breed characteristics. At present, the most popular biological breeding technology, such as gene editing, has the main function of creating new variants and quickly obtaining new genetic resources.
2. Purebred breeding.
In order to form a variety and a strain, no matter what method is used at the front end, it is necessary to maintain continuous selection of genetic performance in a relatively closed population, and in order to speed up the pace of breeding, we often use genomic breeding tools for purebred breeding.
3. Supporting system cultivation.
On the basis of the purebred breeding of existing varieties and strains, the additive genetic effect was strengthened, the hybrid matching ability was measured, and the hybrid matching combination was optimized to form a relatively fixed hybrid matching line.
In addition, Professor Chen introduced cloning technology, which is not a breeding method in the strict sense, which further expands the spread of good genes, but cannot create new genetic variation.
Professor Chen concluded that the foundation of all breeding methods is inseparable from purebred breeding, and the evaluation of individual breeding value is the cornerstone of breeding.
Second, the essence of breeding
Professor Chen believes that the essence of breeding is to select and match, that is, to find the best individual and make full use of the best individual. The goal of breeding is to find a balance between the quality of the meat and the lean meat percentage, to create a new variety, but there is no end in sight to the breeding of a new variety.
3. Experiences and lessons learned from the cultivation of new varieties
Professor Chan then shared the problems he had encountered in the development of new varieties and the experiences and lessons he had gained from them. I hope to bring you some new ideas and take fewer detours on the road of breeding.
1. Before cultivating new varieties, it is necessary to obtain resources with rich genetic variation;
2. After the combination of resources, closed breeding must be carried out with clear goals and long-term persistence;
3. In the breeding process, a digital breeding system should be established as a guarantee;
4. In order to find commercial value in the cultivation of new varieties, there must be differentiation and room for survival;
5. Adhere to the two-wheel drive of "breeding brand" and use breeding resources to create brand value;
6. Take the deep integration of production, education and research as the guarantee of breeding.
Fourth, the utilization of local pig resources and breeding improvement
Breeding improvement is mostly based on local pig resources, how to make good use of this resource, reasonable development and utilization is what we need to pay attention to. Professor Chen introduced the characteristics of local pigs and how to make good use of local pig resources for improvement.
1. Characteristics of local pig resources.
Local pigs have the advantages of high fecundity, black coat color, excellent meat quality, small individuality, strong utilization ability of unconventional feeding resources, high stress resistance, etc., but also have the disadvantages of slow growth and low lean meat rate, and the purebred breeding foundation is very weak and the breeding system is lacking.
2. Resource utilization and breeding improvement of local pigs.
Professor Chen showed that the use of local pig resources to breed new breeds should improve the consistency of breeds, and it cannot be the same today and tomorrow. Local pigs must improve their genetic performance through systematic breeding, strengthen them in the direction they need, and improve the genetic stability of the product to improve the consistency of the product.
5. Progress in the cultivation of new varieties
Professor Chen believes that the cultivation of new varieties requires good methods, based on theoretical basis, making good use of existing resources, solving existing problems, and doing a good job in pedigree traceability. He gave a detailed introduction to these measures on the road of cultivating new varieties.
1. First of all, in the cultivation of local pigs and new breeds, one thing that must be insisted on is that there must be a basis, and the best breed selected must have a digital basis. The standardized digital breeding system is used to calculate the advantages and disadvantages of individuals and rank them, and the breeding process is digitally controlled.
2. The mainstream breed of black pig breeding in the countryside is Guangdong small-eared pig, which has solved the problem of poor uniformity and low reproductive efficiency, and the breeding of local pigs has made good progress, and the reproductive performance has been greatly improved, catching up with the needs of production.
3. It is necessary to determine the breeding varieties according to the demand orientation, increase the number of litters, increase the growth rate, lean meat rate and feed utilization rate, improve the consistency of meat quality and body shape, and the bloodline of local pigs is not less than 50%, which is the basic premise.
4. It is necessary to get rid of the basic group, retain the mixed basic group for research, stabilize the performance of the basic group, provide the foundation for the company's development needs to cultivate black pigs, and improve the efficiency and meat quality.
5. It is necessary to establish a clear pedigree traceability throughout the breeding process, evaluate body shape and appearance, heredity, screen coat color genes, achieve stable improvement of performance and continuous stability of breeding population.
6. Purebred breeding and breeding of new breeds, from the two directions of reproduction rate and lean meat rate to cultivate lean meat rate is the presentation of the commercialization value of high-quality pigs, the genetic consistency of new breeds is relatively good, and basically achieve a balance between meat quality and lean meat rate. Although the reproductive efficiency of rural black pigs is lower than that of small-flowered pigs, they still have great potential. It is hoped that after the cultivation of new varieties, it will be further improved at a new starting point.
Professor Chen finally said: "Guangdong's pig breeding industry has a very good foundation, but it still needs further development and innovation to make Guangdong's pig breeding industry better. ”
Sixth, the learning experience of the crown pastor
1. Seed selection is the core of pig breeding, and how to accurately select is the key. The growth, reproduction and meat quality of pigs were evaluated through a standardized digital breeding system to improve the accuracy of genetic assessment.
2. The cultivation of new varieties is only the starting point, and many excellent traits are still waiting to be explored. It is necessary to establish a good process of screening, measurement, evaluation and breeding system to continuously improve the breeding system and achieve continuous genetic improvement and comprehensive performance improvement.
3. Breeding also needs to pay attention to biosecurity and disease prevention and control. Pig farms should establish and improve the biosecurity and disease prevention and control system, do a good job in the early warning of major epidemic diseases, and regularly carry out the detection of major infectious diseases such as African swine fever, swine fever, blue ear disease, swine pseudorabies and foot-and-mouth disease on the pig herd.
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