After the liberation of Shanghai in 1949, the strict discipline of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) attracted great attention from politicians and the press, and attracted the attention of Shanghai citizens and people from all walks of life.
On May 29, when ** received a congratulatory message from Xinhua News Agency, he personally deleted six words from the title. The next day, the article, which had been revised several times, was published in the People.
From this day on, the whole world witnessed a great moment in China's history.
On April 21, 1949, ** waved a huge hand and called on the million-strong division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army to break through the Yangtze River, and the Kuomintang river defense troops were vulnerable and fled in embarrassment.
Our army pursued the victory and marched all the way east, approaching Shanghai, the economic center of China at that time. In order to command the Shanghai Campaign, in May, the General Front Committee of the 2nd and 3rd Field Armies of the People's Liberation Army moved to Danyang City on the Beijing-Shanghai line, and Su Yu, acting commander and acting political commissar of the 3rd Field Army, and Zhang Zhen, chief of staff, led the 3rd Field Organs to move east from Changzhou to Suzhou.
* After consideration, the Central Military Commission and the General Front Committee decided not to attack Shanghai for the time being because the preparations for the takeover of Shanghai had not yet been completed. This was mainly to avoid hastiness, leading to confusion, and not wanting to alarm the enemy too much and make him withdraw from Shanghai prematurely.
At the same time, the main forces of the 2nd Field Army were assembled on the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Line to recuperate, ready to support the 3rd Field Operations and deal with possible armed intervention by US imperialism. It was revealed that the Kuomintang troops in Shanghai totaled 8 armies, 25 divisions, plus more than 30 ** ships and more than 120 aircraft, with a total strength of about 200,000 troops.
These troops set up 32 buildings in the city center, including the International Hotel, the Sihang Warehouse, and the Broadway Building (now the Shanghai Building), as their central fortifications.
In addition, there are more than 4,000 reinforced concrete bunkers in Shanghai, most of which were built by the Kuomintang before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War by the Americans and Germans, and later repaired by the Japanese and Kuomintang troops.
Although these fortifications appear to be very strong, our troops are well prepared and ready to meet any possible challenge. We will fight for the liberation of Shanghai in the most stable way possible.
The goal of our army's attack on Shanghai was to receive in its entirety, not to destroy. Our army's tactics and tactical arrangements are guided by this. Because the preparations were not completed, we had to postpone the attack.
However, the enemy took advantage of this opportunity to loot supplies in large quantities and transport them away. In order to stop them, the Military Commission and the Military Commission instructed us to occupy Wusong and Jiaxing first, but not to change the plan to postpone the attack on Shanghai.
According to the instructions of the Military Commission and ***, Su Yu issued the operational order for the Battle of Songhu on May 10.
The Suyu campaign was presupposed to be divided into two phases: the first stage, from the 12th, besieged Wusong and cut off the enemy's sea routes; In the second stage, once the takeover of Shanghai is ready, a full-scale attack on the city will be launched to liberate the whole of Shanghai.
With Nie Fengzhi's first pass, Greater Shanghai was successfully preserved! ** Extreme importance was attached to every major military action in the Battle of Shanghai. ** The Military Commission promptly and forcefully directed the military progress of the entire campaign.
After receiving the order of the CPC's ** Military Commission, Su Yu and Zhang Zhen quickly deployed and launched a full-scale attack on 21 May, hoping to resolve the Shanghai issue at an early date. **personally drafted a telegram for the Military Commission, specifying the timing and steps of the attack.
** The Chairman made it clear in the military order that in the event of interference from a foreign ship in battle, the name and number of the ship must be recorded in detail and reported to the superiors.
Under no circumstances may shelling foreign consulates, aliens' residences and their immediate vicinity be carried out. If a foreign ship assists the Kuomintang army with artillery fire, or escapes with personnel and supplies carrying the Kuomintang army, it must be resolutely sunk and the name of the ship must be reported immediately.
If there is no hostile intent on foreign ships, or if they are anchored in the Huangpu River, they are not allowed to carry out artillery shelling. When we blockade the mouth of the river, foreign ships may be allowed to sail out of the river if they have our consent, but only in the hands of senior officers, and the forces blocking the river must have sufficient artillery readiness to respond to any provocation by foreign ships.
At the same time, we must protect foreign consulates and aliens. Units that enter the city to fight must strictly observe and maintain the discipline of urban policy. This order was signed by Commander and Political Commissar of Sanye, and jointly signed by Deputy Commander and Second Deputy Political Commissar Su Yu, Deputy Political Commissar ***, and Chief of Staff Zhang Zhen.
* Knowing that the occupation of Shanghai was an important checkpoint of the Chinese Revolution. Faced with this challenge, he proposed the strategy of "catching mice in the porcelain shop", which was to completely destroy the enemy and protect Shanghai, the largest city in the country, to the greatest extent.
He personally stressed to the head of the army that the military victory was only a small victory, and that the real victory lay in handing over Shanghai intact to the people. Therefore, he demanded that in the course of the operation, the troops must achieve a comprehensive military and political victory, reduce losses to a minimum, and ensure that Shanghai's urban buildings, factories, docks, and other important facilities are well preserved.
This decision not only shows his foresight, but also reflects his deep love for the Chinese revolution and his deep concern for the people.
* The general gives orders, and the soldiers obey the dispatch. The 1st Army of the People's Liberation Army, which participated in the attack on the downtown area of Shanghai, cleared the outlying areas and cleared the obstacles before the battle, and then went straight to the urban area.
On the afternoon of May 24, the 27th Army occupied Hongqiao Airport in the western suburbs of Shanghai and launched an attack on the city from the west and south.
In order to "protect this world-famous city and return it to the people in its entirety", the military department stipulated that when attacking the urban area, only light ** could be used, and artillery and explosives could not be used.
Be sure to cross the Suzhou Creek before dawn to force the enemies north of Suzhou River to surrender! Subsequently, several other troops also reported their own situations, and the situation in Suzhou and Henan was well controlled.
Then, the 237th Regiment of the 79th Division began to search and advance along Linsen Road (now Huaihai Road) in the direction of the Bund to ensure the security of the perimeter.
The People's Liberation Army marched from Nanjing Road to the banks of the Suzhou Creek, with the goal of encircling and annihilating the remnants of the enemy's 237th Regiment. Most of the commanders and fighters of this team are from Jiaodong and have lived and fought in the countryside for a long time.
When they walked on the wide road** and saw the tall buildings on both sides, even a little crumbling, they were surprised, how could there be such a tall building?
However, it was these high-rise buildings that caused many difficulties for our fighters. The enemy took advantage of the tall buildings on the north bank and arranged dense and powerful crossfire, and there were many strong pillboxes at the bridgeheads and intersections.
Together with the nearby tanks and armored vehicles, they almost blocked the river, the bridge deck, and the road surface. However, due to our explicit prohibition on the use of artillery fire, these points of fire were difficult for us to destroy, and this made our attacking forces almost "live targets" for the enemy.
Nie Fengzhi's heart was heavy, and if he didn't open fire, he would not be able to destroy the enemy's firepower point, and this would lead to the soldiers dying one by one. Faced with the request of the soldiers, Nie Fengzhi thought deeply and finally decided not to give the order to open fire.
He said to the warriors: "I, like you, value the life of every warrior, and you, like me, value the property of the people. Those buildings occupied by the enemy will become the property of the people in a few hours.
We have no right to destroy it, we must do everything in our power to protect it! ”
In order to reduce the sacrifice while ensuring that the heavy ** was not used, Nie Fengzhi and other comrades in the military department jointly decided to attack head-on at Suzhou Creek during the day, and attack from west to east by a part of the main force at night, so as to copy the enemy's rear road.
At the same time, it kept in close contact with the underground party organizations in Shanghai and launched a political offensive to ensure the integrity of the city. After occupying the urban area north of Suzhou Creek, the remnants of the Kuomintang army were entrenched in the Yangshupu Power Plant and the Waterworks, and although it was not difficult to solve the problem by force, the destruction of hydropower facilities would have a serious impact on the city's production and people's lives.
According to intelligence, Townean ordered the defending enemy to blow up the power plant, and even if Shanghai fell into the hands of "**", it should be turned into a dead city. Therefore, it is not wise to hit hard.
* Came to the military headquarters of the 27th Army with Nie Fengzhi and others, and Nie Fengzhi briefly reported the situation to **. When it was mentioned that the Yangshupu power plant had not yet been resolved, **'s brows tightened.
What part of Yangshupu is the defender? *Asked. Nie Fengzhi immediately answered the first question, including the part of the defending enemy, the names of the division commander and the deputy division commander, and the current division commander is not at home, and the deputy division commander is in charge, etc.
Hearing the deputy division commander call Xu Zhao's name, ** seemed very excited. Nie Fengzhi repeated the name of the deputy division commander again, and nodded with satisfaction.
* anxiously urged: "Jiang Ziying was a professor at the Kuomintang Army University, lived in Shanghai, and had a close relationship with Xu Zhao, hoping to ask her to come forward and persuade the defenders of the power plant to let go."
Hearing **'s instructions, Nie Fengzhi responded excitedly, and immediately ordered the political commissar of the division to handle the matter. "
The PLA soldiers successfully passed through the rebel officers and obtained Jiang Ziying's address and ** number. Nie Fengzhi immediately dialed **, and it was Jiang Ziying who answered. Through communication, the PLA successfully persuaded the defenders of the power plant to abandon their positions and surrender to Chengcheng, and finally preserved Shanghai.
The citizens of Shanghai south of the Suzhou Creek were surprised to find that the roads on both sides of the streets were neatly lined with PLA soldiers, who even kept a queue to sleep, this is the victorious division of the PLA cavalry troops entering Shanghai.
The citizens were amazed, and the news quickly spread throughout Shanghai, making people feel the discipline and determination of the PLA.
When a national capitalist heard that the People's Liberation Army had entered the city, he decided to go out and see it himself. He drove slowly and was deeply moved by the scene in front of him: the PLA soldiers were sleeping with guns in their hands, and some citizens spontaneously offered them water and food, but they smiled and politely refused.
The soldiers on the side of the road lined up neatly, and the singing was exciting, which made people feel very uplifted to listen. Seeing this, the capitalist's heart calmed down, and he firmly believed that his decision to stay in Shanghai was the right one.
Sleeping on the road"The People's Liberation Army and the Citizens of Shanghai: An Unspeakable Historical Detail Decades later, neither the citizens of Shanghai nor the PLA officers and soldiers who had slept on the road could accurately describe how the events of this particular historical context came about.
In fact, the PLA's rules for entering the city do not clearly stipulate the requirement of "sleeping on the road". However,"Do not enter private houses"、"Do not live in private houses and shops, and are not allowed to disturb theaters and all entertainment venues"This rule has given rise to a moving scene that has attracted the attention of the whole world.
Before the campaign to liberate Shanghai, some units put forward a loud slogan in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of the Central Military Commission and the General Front Committee: "Fight well" and "Advance well."
Among them, "fighting well" represents the invincible strength and superb combat skills of the PLA, which must not only quickly destroy the enemy, but also ensure the integrity of Shanghai; "Entering well" means that the city policy is well implemented, the discipline is observed, and the military appearance and discipline are good, leaving a good impression on the citizens of Shanghai and international friends.
In the PLA's combat operations on the periphery of Shanghai, in order to ensure the orderly entry of troops into the city and meet the actual needs of the troops, all units prepared oil, salt, firewood and rice half a month in advance and set up ** stations; At the same time, the soldiers were also well prepared for the daily necessities necessary for the soldiers, such as yellow smoke, soap, toilet paper, etc.
Until the problem of the circulation of money in the market is unified, all troops are not allowed to buy goods. Combat units and garrisons send only capable command organs and combat units into the city, while mules, horses and vehicles do not.
After entering the city, because the logistics were still on the outskirts of the city, they needed to deliver meals from dozens of miles away, and because they had no utensils, they used bullet boxes to cook baskets and steel helmets as vegetable pots, which the soldiers called "combat rice."
Nie Fengzhi led his troops into the Weihaiwei intersection and commanded the battle in the rain. Cadres and guards set up temporary command posts, and although the organized resistance of the Kuomintang troops had ended, there were still stragglers engaged in street fighting.
On the 27th, Nie Fengzhi went out to inspect the battle situation, and unfortunately was injured by a bullet in the store.
After Nie Fengzhi received the order, he immediately realized the seriousness of the problem. It turned out that a battalion of Kuomintang troops occupied nearby shops and houses, forming a blockade of the railway line and several nearby streets.
After careful consideration, Nie Fengzhi decided to remove this obstacle, but he also realized that it could bring danger to the surrounding residents. So, Nie Fengzhi decided to notify the store owners first and ask them to move to a safe place within an hour.
He sent someone to find the store's ** and conveyed the news to the boss. As soon as the boss heard that his store was going to be used as a battlefield, he immediately panicked, and repeatedly asked Nie Fengzhi to extend the time of transfer.
Nie Fengzhi replied reasonably, but it couldn't be more than an hour. In the end, the boss asked for an hour and a half of transfer time, and Nie Fengzhi agreed, but also warned that it could not be delayed any longer.
The shopkeeper, out of self-preservation, sent 10 gold bars to the Kuomintang battalion commander, hoping to protect his business. However, when these Kuomintang officers and soldiers were captured by the People's Liberation Army, the origin of the gold bars was revealed.
Nie Fengzhi instructed to return all the gold bars to the boss. The boss was moved and sighed at the noble quality and excellent image of the PLA. Every soldier, every person, and every unit is using their actions to show a new image of the PLA.
The People's Liberation Army conquered Shanghai, but what is even more rare is that they conquered the hearts of the people.
**Personally revised the draft of "Wishing the Liberation of Shanghai" to celebrate the liberation of Shanghai, and reviewed and revised it at the first time. The next day, the celebratory editorial was first published in the People**.
Later, "Liberation**" published this article on the 31st.
In the modification of ***, he used a black pen, and the handwriting was lighter than Hu Qiaomu's modification. The two words that were deleted from the title of the article are a total of 6 words, the original title is "Celebrating the Great Victory of the Liberation of Shanghai", but under the modification of ***, the word "Qing" before the title and the "Great Victory" at the end were deleted, making the title more concise, unique, and full of the charm of the text.
In that year, Jiefang** published an editorial entitled "Wishing Shanghai Liberation", which was very different from the editorial style of Xinhua News Agency's previous celebrations of the liberation of the city. This editorial has been revised by ***, not only the title is more concise, but it is more in line with the expression habits of ordinary people, and the content of the article has also been changed in many places, involving a total of 8 places and a total of 136 words.
It is worth mentioning that this carefully revised manuscript was included in the "Revised Draft" section of the "Selected Journalistic Work".
The Kuomintang can't come back. ”