Sanxingdui, a mysterious site located in Guanghan City in the northeast of the Sichuan Basin, has been attracting the attention of the world since it was discovered in the late twenties of the last century. With the deepening of archaeological work, a large number of exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed, which makes people full of curiosity and amazement about this ancient civilization. However, the question of which dynasty Sanxingdui belongs to is still controversial in academic circles. This paper will combine the existing research results to make a review of the dynastic attribution of Sanxingdui.
The origins of the Sanxingdui civilization can be traced back to the late Neolithic to the Bronze Age from about 4,800 to 2,800 years ago. During this period, the ancient Shu ancestors created a splendid civilization in this land. Judging from the pottery, stoneware, jade, bronze and other cultural relics of the site, the Sanxingdui civilization has distinctive regional characteristics and unique artistic style. Among them, the most eye-catching are those bronze masks and bronze sacred trees with strange shapes and exquisite craftsmanship, which show the superb bronze casting technology and rich imagination of the ancient Shu people.
Regarding the dynastic attribution of the Sanxingdui civilization, there are mainly the following views: first, it is believed that Sanxingdui belongs to the ancient Shu civilization from the late Neolithic period to the Shang and Zhou dynasties; Second, it is believed that Sanxingdui is a regional civilization independent of the Shang and Zhou civilizations in the Central Plains; Third, it is believed that there is a certain degree of connection between the Sanxingdui civilization and the Shang and Zhou civilizations in the Central Plains, and it may be a Fang state or tribal alliance in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
Although the academic community has not yet reached a conclusive conclusion on the dynastic attribution of Sanxingdui, we can find some clues from the cultural relics of the site and the comparison with other civilizations. First of all, the bronze casting technology of the Sanxingdui civilization has a certain similarity with that of the Shang and Zhou civilizations of the Central Plains at the same time, which indicates that there may have been some kind of cultural exchange or transmission between the two. Secondly, some of the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui are similar to the ritual weapons and weapons of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Central Plains, which also hints at a certain connection between the two. However, the unique artistic style and regional characteristics of the Sanxingdui civilization made it significantly different from the Shang and Zhou civilizations in the Central Plains.
Therefore, we can consider that Sanxingdui civilization is a regional civilization with distinctive regional characteristics and unique artistic style. It may have had some connection with the Central Plains civilization from the late Neolithic to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, but at the same time it maintained relative independence. The discovery and research of Sanxingdui civilization has revealed the rich history and culture and unique civilization form of the ancient Shu region, and also provided valuable material for the study of the origin of Chinese civilization and the pattern of pluralism and integration.
In short, Sanxingdui is a site of ancient Shu civilization full of mystery. Although there is still controversy about its dynastic attribution, this does not prevent us from exploring and appreciating the rich historical culture and unique artistic style it reveals. With the continuous deepening of archaeological work and the progress of science and technology, it is believed that more mysteries about Sanxingdui civilization will be revealed in the future.