Yuan and ten years from Langzhou to Beijing opera to see the gentlemen of flowers.
Tang] Liu Yuxi.
Zimo red dust is blowing on his face, and no one is looking at the flowers.
The peach trees in the Xuandu Temple are all planted after Liu Lang goes.
In 805 AD, Tang Shunzong ascended the throne and appointed people with lofty ideals to carry out reforms, which was known as "Yongzhen Innovation" in history. This reform is centered on Wang Shuwen, and Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan and others are the backbone. But because the reforms touched the interests of local warlords and eunuchs, they colluded to stage a coup d'état and dealt a powerful blow to the reformists. The ** who participated in the innovation were all deposed to remote places, and Liu Yuxi was also demoted to Langzhou, nominally serving as the Sima of Langzhou, but in fact he had no real power. He stayed in Langzhou for ten years, and ten years passed, but Liu Yuxi's ideals were not erased, and he used this to re-examine this chaotic world, and also to examine the selfish or numb human heart. The reflection on the political situation and the reflection on the past made his thinking more mature, just like he wrote in his poems, "not because of the feeling of decay, An Neng can stimulate the heart", which created a more firm and dedicated Liu Yuxi who believes in himself. Ten years later, he finally returned to the capital again, thinking that all the hardships had passed, hoping that he could achieve his ideals in the court, and at the same time he was extremely dissatisfied with the phenomenon of the old forces and the new magnates fighting for power. It is against this background that this poem was written.
In March of this year, the peach blossoms in Chang'an City bloomed, and Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan came to Xuandu to enjoy the flowers together. At that time, there was a tradition of enjoying flowers in spring in Chang'an City, and this trip to enjoy flowers also had a different touch for the poet.
This poem "Yuan He Ten Years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to Present Gentlemen to See Flowers" not only describes the actual scene, but also implies irony, and the chapter and language are very exquisite, which not only ensures the integrity of the surface imagery, but also expresses the deep meaning in three points.
The first two sentences of the poem, "Zimo red dust is blowing on the face, no one can help but look at the flowers", which is written about the actual scene seen in the eyes of the poet, that is, the crowd of people looking at the flowers is bustling and mighty. How, then, does the psalmist describe this scene? In the first sentence, the "purple" of "Zimo" refers to the color of the grass and trees on the road, the "red" of "red dust" describes the dust on the road, and the "brush" writes a shrouded and diffused feeling. Along the way, the vegetation is luxuriant, the dust is blowing in the face, and there are naturally countless people who look at the flowers. With so many people looking at the flowers, we must be curious, attracting so many people, how beautiful should this peach blossom be? Continuing to look down, I found that the poet did not directly describe the scorching posture of the peach blossoms, but wrote about the people who returned from watching the flowers, and they all said that they had seen the flowers come back. The words "no one is right" vividly reflect people's satisfaction and joy. Therefore, the poet expresses the beauty of the peach blossom from the side through the reaction of the flower watcher, which leaves room for imagination, which is really ingenious.
The last two lines of the poem shift from a description of a real scene to an association of one's own situation. It has been ten years since the poet left the capital, ten years ago, there were no peach blossoms in the Xuandu Temple, and when he returned ten years later, the peach blossoms were full of flowers, and the flowers were gratifying. Seeing this situation, how can it not make people feel infinitely emotional? As the saying goes, "the tree is like this, how can people be worthy", these thousand trees and peach blossoms were planted after the poet left, how prosperous and bright they bloomed, how many ups and downs the poet's heart was.
From the pedestrians on the way home, the poet shows us a complete picture, the peach blossoms that do not appear directly in the camera, but in our minds, blooming and moving, the poet's ruthless emotion for the passing years, but also blended seamlessly with the description of the scene.
However, the subtlety of the poem lies in the sharp irony it contains. The poet used a figurative technique to compare the thousand peach blossoms to the new magnates, who were planted after the poet left the capital, and these new magnates were also promoted after the poet was suppressed. Then, the people who are busy admiring the flowers along the way are the flattering people, who tend to be inflammatory, cling to the powerful, and are bent on making friends with the powerful of the current dynasty, and use this as a capital to show off. In this sense, the words "no one is unavoidable" can be said to portray this phenomenon and the faces of these people in a very good way, and it is extremely ironic. Ten years away, the poet who returned this time still did not hide his ambition and arrogance, he was not afraid of being the powerful of the dynasty, and in his poems, he gave a spicy satire to their opportunistic appearance. The sentence "It's all Liu Lang who went to plant" is full of mockery and disdain, and we can imagine that those who are satirized in the poem will be very angry after seeing this poem.
Facts have proved that this poem did anger the ruling elite, and it is said that this directly led to Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan, who had just returned to Beijing, to be suppressed again, and in March of that year, they were sent out of the capital to serve in remote Lianzhou, Liuzhou and other places. If we contact the situation at that time, we will understand that the so-called crime of using poetry should be just an excuse, and in essence, it was degraded because of different political views. It's just that this time has passed, and it has been more than ten years, and the so-called ups and downs of the sea are indeed devastating.
Then visit the Xuandu Temple.
Tang] Liu Yuxi.
Half of the hundred-acre courtyard is moss, and the peach blossoms are clean and cauliflower blooming.
Where do the peach Taoist priests go? Liu Lang is here again.
Liu Yuxi is a determined reformer and an indomitable doer. In the matter of being an official, he has always had no sand in his eyes, even if he knows that the powerful are powerful, he will stubbornly express his contempt and ridicule for them in his poems, and he has a determination to fight against the ** forces to the end, and sometimes it even makes us feel that he is really respectable and cute.
In 829 AD, after more than 20 years of working as an official in other places, Liu Yuxi finally returned to Chang'an again, and it has been 14 years since he last returned to Chang'an but was exiled. In the spring of 14 years ago, when Liu Yuxi visited the Xuandu Temple, he wrote the famous poem "Yuan He Ten Years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to Present the Gentlemen to See Flowers", which made a spicy satire on the powerful people of the current dynasty and exposed the ugly faces of a group of sycophants, so it angered the authorities. Subsequently, Liu Yuxi was released from the capital and experienced a transfer from Tiannan to the north. Now, Liu Yuxi, who has returned to Chang'an again, deliberately went to the Xuandu Temple again and wrote the poem "Revisiting the Xuandu Temple". So, after experiencing the impermanence of the world, what kind of feelings will Liu Yuxi have when he revisits his hometown? Would he regret the satirical poem he had written fourteen years earlier?
This song "Revisiting the Xuandu View" is the same as the previous song "Yuan He Ten Years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to Present the Gentlemen to See Flowers", which also adopts a figurative technique, which not only creates a complete surface image, but also contains a profound irony in it, and criticizes the power-grabbers 14 years ago more ruthlessly, showing his unyielding determination.
The first two sentences of the poem, "Half of the hundred acres of court are moss, and the peach blossoms are clean and the cauliflower is blooming", which describes the scene in the Xuandu Temple, highlights the desolation of the Xuandu Temple through the description of specific scenes, and echoes the previous poem. The poet first made a general description of the Xuandu Temple, "100 acres" writes about the large area of the Xuandu Temple, and half of this "100 acres of court" is now covered with moss. If the Xuandu Temple is still like fourteen years ago, there is an endless stream of people looking at flowers, can so many mosses grow? Of course not. Just like the poet's "Wild Grass Flowers by the Suzaku Bridge" written in another poem, "Wuyi Lane", moss and wild grass are both desolate scenes that are inaccessible from the side. Today's desolation is in contrast to the previous "no one can see the flowers", from the door to the door, it is only in the past 14 years. Next, the poet specifically described the peach blossoms of the Xuandu Temple, and the word "pure" wrote that the peach blossoms no longer existed, and only the "cauliflower" bloomed silently in the courtyard. In the preface, the poet clearly points out that the Xuandu view is now "gone, but the rabbit sunflower and oats are shaken in the spring breeze". Recalling the scene where thousands of trees and peach blossoms were in full bloom, how can we not sigh in the comparison between prosperity and decline?
These two sentences have both direct description and side foil, both general description and specific description, highlighting the dilapidated scene of the Xuandu Temple today, especially in the contrast between the past and the present, the deep meaning of the poem is also revealed. The poet used the peach blossom as a metaphor for the ministers of the government around 14 years ago, and now the peach blossoms are scattered, the government has changed greatly, and the ministers at that time have long disappeared. So what if you only cover the sky with one hand at that time, people with bad hearts are destined to not be in power for long.
After expressing the deep meaning that the ministers did not see, the poem shifted from the description of the scenery to the lyricism of argumentation. The third sentence directly asks rhetorically: "Where does the peach Taoist return?" "It means that the Taoist priest who planted the peach tree in the Xuandu Temple has long since known that he has gone. Since the peach blossom refers to the powerful people of the dynasty, the Taoist priest of the peach naturally refers to the court forces that supported the new magnates back then. The political situation has changed, and now even they no longer exist. The last sentence "The former Liu Lang is here again" means that he was degraded and sent out because of a poem in the past, and now he is back. On the one hand, the self who returned this time contrasted with the Taoist priest who did not know where to go, indicating the poet's disdain for the powerful of the dynasty, and also showing that he was not afraid of power. On the other hand, because he wrote "Yuan He Ten Years from Langzhou to Beijing Opera to Present Gentlemen to See Flowers", he was suppressed by political enemies and was exiled again. Although the poet was in the middle of the host and guest at that time, there were still many variables in the court, and the political situation was not calm and waveless, and it was in this context that the poet still dared to express his ridicule of the powerful, which could not but be said to be a great courage. It can be seen that even after so many tribulations, the poet has never given in for a day, for this world, for this court, he still has a blood, a body of pride, and the bitter wind and rain are not diminished.