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The Altai Mountains, one of the three major mountain systems in Xinjiang, stretch and stretch over the Sino-Soviet and Sino-Mongolian borders in northwest China. The top of the mountain is covered with snow and snow, covered in silver makeup; The mountainside is like a belt of forests and seas, and the resources are abundant; The grassland under the mountain is vast, and it has been the galloping ground of China's nomadic people since ancient times. At the foot of the main peak of the Altai Mountains, the Friendship Peak at an altitude of 4,374 meters, a crescent-like alpine lake is embedded in the blue waters of the forest and sea, which is the beautiful and alluring Kanas Lake. As her Mongolian name suggests, the lake is "beautiful, rich and mysterious", and there are many interesting facts about it among the local folklore.
Jinshan paradise.
The Altai Mountains means "golden mountain" in Kazakh. Starting from the county town of Burjin at the foot of the mountain, along the Burjin River, one of the largest tributaries of the Irtysh River, about 120 kilometers upstream, you will arrive at a Mongolian village near Kanas Lake. The neat and low log houses, as well as some unique wooden houses, lie quietly in the dense forest mist. Smoke fills the sky over. From time to time, the barking of dogs, the barking of cattle and sheep, and the shouting of herdsmen can be heard. Accompanied by the rumbling sound of the river, the valley is silent and somewhat noisy. The Mongolian inhabitants of this "isolated island" in the forest, speaking a Mongolian language very different from that of Inner Mongolia, are mainly engaged in animal husbandry, but also grow small crops such as barley, potatoes or rapeseed, and many are good fishers. They have lived here for generations, living an almost isolated and self-sufficient "paradise" life.
Although the scenery here is quiet and the mountains and rivers are magnificent, the climate is changeable, and the thunder and lightning are terrifying. In the cold winter, heavy snow covers the mountains, and the snow is more than a meter deep. In summer, there are many thunderstorms, and sometimes the sky is clear, and the other time there is lightning and thunder. The rolling thunder shook the mountain, and the thunder echoed for a long time in the empty mountains and deep valleys, making people's hearts tremble. On the top of a high mountain at an altitude of nearly 3,000 meters next to the lake, there are blocks in diameter.
The huge stone of three or four meters, as if it had been slashed by the sword of the gods, was divided into two halves in unison; In the depths of the dense forest, ghostly scorched broken trees can be seen everywhere, these are the "miracles" created by the "Thunder Male and Electric Mother". In addition, due to the high mountains, steep slopes, road hazards, and traffic blockages, it has always been a place that is rarely visited by outsiders. If it weren't for the construction of the road, we don't know how many days we would have to walk to reach this "isolated island in the forest". According to legend, when Genghis Khan led his army to the west in the early 13th century, he had to avoid this place and make a detour to the west because the road was too dangerous.
Discolored lake water.
In Xinjiang, everyone says that Tianchi is beautiful, but I say that Kanas Lake is ten times more beautiful than Tianchi. If you are lucky enough to come here, you can look through the dense woods on the shore of the lake, and the green mountains are surrounded by smoke and clouds; The top of the snow peak, reflecting the blue waves. If after the rain, but see the mountainside next to the lake, the white clouds are entwined like a belt, like a fairy waving Bai Lian fluttering, changing. At the water's edge are dense pines, cedars, birches, willows, and grass overheaded. Flocks of wild ducks frolic on the surface of the lake, and sometimes fish leap out of the water, causing ripples. From the depths of the dense forest, from time to time, there are a few red deer chirping or grouse cooing, making the beautiful natural scenery full of poetry and picturesqueness.
Kanas Lake is located in the middle of the Kanas River, the lake is 1,374 meters above sea level, the lake is 25 kilometers long and 1 km wide6-2.9 km, 174 meters deep, shaped like a long pod, with an area of 377 square kilometers, equivalent to eight times the size of Tianchi. It was formed by the glacial erosion of huge composite valleys during the Second Great Ice Age of the Quaternary in geohistory. At the southern end of the lake, there is still a glacier terminal ridge about one kilometer wide and more than 50 meters high. On the east shore of the lake, on the cliff more than 70 meters high, there is still a piece of sheep's back stone more than 20 meters long covered with T-shaped glacier scratches, and its size is very rare in the world. These relics are all direct witnesses to the changes in ancient geography. Interestingly, on the smooth surface of the sheep's back stone, there are many pictographic petroglyphs carved by the ancients, which is again a testimony of the activities of ancient humans here. As for the wide terminal ridge, it is a good place for local herders to hold horse riding competitions and akon concerts today.
On the southern slope of Friendship Peak, the longest glacier in the Altai Mountains, Kanas Glacier, is like a jade dragon with teeth and claws, plummeting down from the mountain for 11 kilometers. The snow and ice water it spits out is the main source of water for Kanas Lake. In the middle of summer, when the ice and snow melt rapidly, the water flow of the mouth of the lake can reach 50 cubic meters per second, but because the lake is huge and the throughput is free, the annual elevation difference of the lake surface is less than one foot, so the water surface is stable and the lake shore is gentle. The abundance of marsh plants in the lake's shores makes the entire lakeshore zone ideal for fish and waterfowl to spawn and reproduce. Annually.
In July and August, in the water near the shore, small fish gather like clouds, making the lake water change color, and hundreds of fish can be scooped up in a basin. What's more interesting is that with the change of cloudy and sunny morning and dusk, the water color of Kanas Lake also changes regularly, if you look at it from the top of the mountain, it is a deep blue-green on a sunny day, if there are a few white clouds floating through the sky, the lake shows a pink reflection; On a cloudy day, the reflection of the white clouds is grayish-green. In the summer, when the heat is clear, the water of Kanas Lake turns a slightly blue-green milky white, which is caused by the strong melting of the glaciers in the upper reaches of the river, which brings with it a large amount of milky powdery moraine weathering. When the lake freezes in December, Kanas Lake is a world of crystal, and Mongolian herders drive their livestock and drag plows to and fro on the ice, which is very convenient for transportation.
Kanas Buddha Light.
When it comes to the Buddha's light, you may immediately think of the magical and beautiful Buddha's light of Mount Emei, and who knows that it is far away on the shore of Kanas Lake in the Western Regions, and it also has the same grand scene.
Whenever the moist air flow from the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean moves eastward along the Irtysh Valley, it forms an area with a lot of precipitation in the northern mountains of the Junggar Basin due to the support of the southwest slope of the Altai Mountains, such as the annual precipitation in the Kanas Lake area is as high as about 800 mm. Abundant precipitation and cool climate make the Kanas Lake area often shrouded in hazy mist, and the peaks above the top of the clouds have become an ideal place for Buddhalight.
In the southern section of Kanas Lake, there is a camel peak in the west of the lake, with an altitude of 2030 meters, and the "fish viewing platform" red column and green top of the peak are the best place for the Buddha. At.
In July and August, in the early morning after the rains, the Kanas mountain valleys are often covered by thick clouds and mist, revealing only peaks of more than 2,000 meters. At this time, if you climb the "fish viewing platform" to look, you can see a huge round of morning sun hanging obliquely in the blue clear sky overhead, and the snow peaks near and far are like crystals and jade, reflecting red light under the morning sun. The sea of white clouds under his feet, rolling with the wind like waves, sometimes revealing pieces of blue lakes that are as flat as mirrors, and sometimes revealing patches of green forests. The oncoming clouds, with the glow that reflects the sun, are in a variety of shapes and infinite changes, making people dizzy. At about 9 to 10 o'clock in the morning, when the sun rises to a certain angle, in the clouds and mist of the valley west of the lake, that is, in the opposite direction to the sun, a semi-circular huge colored halo gradually appears, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, seven colors, bright and dazzling, and the lower part is not in the clouds. With the change of the intensity of the clouds, the color of the halo is also dark and light, light and dark. What is particularly striking is the shadow of the peak and the pavilion in the center of the aura, as well as the magnified figure of yourself standing outside the pavilion. These peaks, pavilions and your figure are surrounded by colorful halos, and they are colorful and dazzling, giving people the feeling that the gods and Buddhas want to appear and flutter like immortals. At this time, if you can't hold back on a whim, and you can't help dancing with your hands and feet, then your shadow in the halo will also dance with your hands and feet. This situation is really eye-opening and a feast for the eyes, which can be described as a great blessing in life. The light of the Buddha can last for about a quarter of an hour, and gradually fade as the sun rises and the angle of the light changes, but the impression left in your mind will be unforgettable for a lifetime.
Wanhua Park. The forests of Kanas also have their own unique scenery, with tall larches reaching into the sky.
The base of the huge trunk of 40 or 50 meters is difficult for three people to hug, and they are staggered with tower-shaped spruce, vigorous red pine, and beautiful fir, forming a dense coniferous forest area with mountains and fields around the lake. The dead and fallen trees in the forest are stacked on top of each other, horizontally and vertically. The dead wood and dead leaves on the surface are covered with moss, deer hoof, bilberry and bilberry.
Two or three meters tall roses, honeysuckle, etc., these plants densely fill the space under the canopy, making the forest look extremely dark and extremely difficult. But the glade next to the shore of the lake is a different scene: red peony and willow orchid saffron are everywhere, nasturtium, tulip, and water weeds are golden, delphinium, iris, delphinium, forget-me-not are like a blue carpet, tall windbreaks, and umbrella-shaped flowers of wild carrots, like white clouds floating in the air. With the change of seasons, they form a variety of flower beds, which are integrated with the blue sky, white clouds, snowy peaks, clear water and dark green forests, forming an extraordinary magnificent picture, just like a natural park of ten thousand flowers.
In this natural park, there are hundreds of kinds of Chinese herbs, in addition to the common astragalus, codonopsis, red peony, chicken foot ginseng, there are also precious Ganoderma lucidum grass, five spirit fat, cordyceps sinensis and so on.
The area around Kanas Lake is the only distribution area of animals and plants in South Siberia in China, with nearly 1,000 species of plants, more than 30 species of mammals, more than 120 species of birds, and 7 species of amphibians and reptiles. In this park-like forest and grassland, snow leopards, brown bears, red deer, and roe deer haunt the park, stoats, ferrets, sables, and wolverines run around, and grouse, hazelgrouse, ptarmigan, and black grouse forage in flocks, adding endless interest to the nature park. Most of these animals are rare and protected animals in China. But the most attractive of them all is the well-known "lake monster" that lives in the lake.
The mystery of the lake monster. For a long, long time, there have been many stories among the local herdsmen about the monsters in the lake: some say that a long time ago, the herdsman's horses suddenly disappeared while drinking water by the lake; Some people say that the lake monster once made waves on the surface of the lake and made a loud noise, which caused **; It is also said that 60 years ago, a "stranded" fish monster was found by the lake, and it was divided and eaten, and its meat was not finished ......with 17 horsesThese bizarre and alluring legends have not only attracted the close attention of scientists, but also added a touch of mystery to the beautiful Kanas Lake.
In late July 1985, an expedition led by Xiang Liyi, a professor of zoology at Xinjiang University, was working near the lake when they suddenly found dozens of giant fish appearing on the lake. A few days later, the expedition team of the Xinjiang Institute of Environmental Sciences also observed the giant fish in the lake on the "Glance Pavilion" (no names between the lake monsters were found), and took many ** and a video, thus preliminarily revealing the mystery of the fish monsters in Kanas Lake.
Looking down from the "Fish Viewing Platform", which rises 660 meters above the surface of the lake, nearly 100 giant fish are scattered and floating on the surface of the lake about a kilometer away. Except for the fish of equal size, which occasionally approach each other, the rest of the fish are mostly about 100 to 100 meters apart, and it seems that they are wary of each other, which is very different from the general fish, and they dare not approach each other. From a distance, these giant fish resemble tadpole-shaped clusters of reddish-brown aquatic plants, some dark and some light, as if they were caused by the difference in shades above the water. There are also a few fish, with their huge mouths protruding from the water to breathe, stirring up huge ripples that can be seen very clearly in a ten-fold telescope. The heads of the largest fish appear to be about the size of the treetops near the lake, estimated to be between 1 and 1 in widthBetween 5 meters, the body length is no less than 10 meters, and the weight is about 2-3 tons.
In Kanas Lake, there are eight species of fish known in the past, including the salmon (large red fish), the small red fish, the arctic grayling, and the burbot. Among them, the salmon is famous for its delicate meat and delicious taste. It is a cold-water freshwater fish in the mountains, with a reddish-brown body color, barbs on the upper and lower jaws and tongue in the mouth, and it is a carnivorous fish with a very fierce temperament. Two wild ducks were once found in the belly of a six-pound fish! It has a long lifespan, matures at the age of seven or eight, and prefers to burrow and spawn at the bottom of the gravelly river with clear water upstream, and reproduce offspring. The fish can grow so large that one was caught in 1984 and weighed 38 kilograms. Judging from the size and color of the giant fish we observed, as well as the ecological characteristics of the various fish in the lake, this giant fish is undoubtedly the sturgeon.
The discovery of giant fish in Kanas Lake has attracted the attention of scientists engaged in fish research at home and abroad, and has also aroused great interest. It is rare for such a large fish to exist in mountain lakes in the central part of the continent. At present, a nature reserve has been preliminarily established here, and the southern section of the lake has also been opened up as a tourist area. The beautiful and alluring Kanas Lake will attract tourists from all over the world with its magical appearance and peculiar products!