This is one of the most popular since the large-scale Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The map is divided into four phases, namely, the boundaries demarcated by the United Nations before 1946 and 1947, the map of Palestinian-Israeli territorial changes from 1949 to 1967, and the map of the current Palestinian and Israeli territory in 2000.
To understand the main causes of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, one needs to understand the history of Israel. Let's take a look with you today. Let's start with the mythological story.
Before 2000 BC (source of contradictions).
If you need to know about "Israel," you can't do without the Bible. Israel was originally the name of a person. His original name was "Jacob". Later, God Himself changed his name to "Israel" and it is still used today.
Jacob's father was Isaac, and Isaac's father was Abraham (originally Abram). Some 4,000 years ago, Jehovah revealed this message to Abram, the ancestor of the Israelites. As Jehovah said, Abram left Haran at the age of seventy-five.
Leave your country, your kinsmen, your father's house, and go to the place where I will show you. I will make you a great country. I will bless you and make your name great, and you will be a blessing to all nations. "I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. All the families of the earth will be blessed through you. Genesis 12:1-3).
When Abram was ninety-nine years old when Abram left Haran and arrived in Egypt with his people, Jehovah appeared again and delivered a message to him. The general idea was that the entire family of Israel would need to live in Egypt for four generations before God would give them the Promised Land.
Note: When God speaks of "other people's land," he means Egypt.
You must know this clearly that your children and grandchildren will live in a land that does not belong to them, serving the people there, and they will abuse them for four hundred years. I will punish the countries they serve, and I will punish them. You will leave there with great wealth. But you will live a hundred years, and you will return to your ancestors and be buried. When it comes to *** they will return to this place, because the sins of the Amorites have not yet been cleared. More than. (Genesis 15:13-16).
The entire family of Israel lived in Egypt for four generations, and as God had prophesied, he eventually brought them back to the land of present-day Israel.
I have made a covenant with you that you will be the father of many nations. Your name will no longer be Abram, but Abraham, for I have made you the father of many nations. And I will multiply thy seed exceedingly, and kingdoms will come from thee, and kings shall come from thee. I will make a covenant with you and with your descendants from generation to generation, and this covenant will be ever. I will be your God, and the God of your children. I will strengthen my covenant. Make a covenant with thee, and with thy descendants from all generations, and all the land of Canaan shall be thy inheritance and thy seed for ever; I will be their God. Genesis 17:4-8).
The "whole land of Canaan" referred to above refers to the area where Israel is located today. It is a place that the Jews call the "Promised Land." It is also a disputed area in the international community, which is today's "Palestine". About 4,000 years ago, this land was inhabited by many different ethnic groups, including Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Philistines, etc.
Origin of the Jewish name.
Abraham's grandson, James, was renamed "Israel" by God. He gave birth to a total of twelve sons, which was the beginning of the twelve tribes of Israel.
Among them, there is a son named Judah (it is important to note that the Jewish names, although similar, can be distinguished by time and context: "Judas", the son of Israel, and "Judas", who betrayed Jesus), and the tribe of Judah represents the tribe of kingship in Israel's history. This is also the origin of the Jewish name.
Israel's son, Joseph, was prime minister in Egypt, so when there was a famine in Canaan, the Israelite family immigrated to ancient Egypt and received preferential treatment. However, 400 years later, there was a change of government in Egypt, and the descendants of Israel were reduced to slavery.
After that, Moses led the Jews out of Egypt. Everyone must know this history.
The Israelites lived in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years. And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, that all the army of the LORD came out of the land of Egypt. It was the night of the LORD, for the LORD had brought them out of the land of Egypt. Therefore keep the LORD, just as all Israel has kept it throughout the generations. Exodus 12:40-42).
After leaving Egypt, the Israelites had planned to go to the land of Canaan, but in the face of the tall and strong Canaanites, they did not dare to attack, so they failed to enter Canaan and were forced to wander in the wilderness.
The Israelites lived in the Sinai Desert for forty years. During this time, God taught the Israelites commandments, ordinances, and laws through Moses. After Moses' death, a new generation of Israelites came of age, and God raised up Joshua to lead them across the Jordan River into the land of Canaan.
1000 BC.
In 1028 B.C.E., Saul established the monarchy of Israel. His successor, David, consolidated the unity of the tribes in 1000 BCE, established the powerful kingdom of Israel, and established Jerusalem as its capital.
After David became king, he had an argument with the wife of a general, with whom he later gave birth to King Solomon, one of the wisest kings in history. After Solomon's accession to the throne, a massive construction project was carried out, which lasted ten years, and a magnificent temple was built, also known as "Solomon's Temple" or "First Temple".
However, as Solomon grew older, his wife and concubines tempted him to worship other gods, turning his heart away from Yahweh. This behavior violated his father, David's wholehearted obedience to Jehovah, and Jehovah became angry with Solomon.
And the Lord said unto him, Because thou hast done this, and hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I commanded thee, I will take back thy kingdom and give it to thy servants. But because of the reign of David your father, if I do not do so while you live, I will take the kingdom from the hand of your son. But I will not take it away, but I will leave a tribe for your son because of my servant David and Jerusalem, which I have chosen. 'I Kings 11:11-13).
After Solomon's death, his son inherited the throne. However, the new king was only concerned with collecting taxes, much to the displeasure of Solomon's servant, Jeroboam.
Jeroboam led a revolt of ten northern tribes and established the kingdom of Israel against two southern tribes (Judah and Benjamin). The southern kingdom was called Judah or the southern kingdom, and its capital was Jerusalem.
This ** led to the coexistence of the two kingdoms for the next two centuries, ruled by their respective Jewish kings, while the prophets exhorted the people to uphold social justice and keep the Torah.
Due to the intermarriage between the northern kingdom and foreigners, as well as the influence of foreign cultures, the northern kingdom was soon conquered by the Assyrian Empire in 722 BC. This catastrophe led to the gradual assimilation of the people of northern Israel by foreigners and the eventual loss of their identity as Israelis. This event went down in history as the "Ten Lost Tribes".
And the king of Assyria came up and smote all Israel as far as Samaria, and besieged it three years. In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria conquered Samaria and carried Israel captive to Assyria, where he settled. And they were by the river Habo, which is in Halah and Gosan, and in the cities of the Medes. This is because the Israelites sinned against the LORD their God, who delivered them out of the land of Egypt into the hand of Pharaoh the king. and Egypt went and feared other gods" (II Kings 17:5-7).
In 586 BC, the Kingdom of Judea (Southern Kingdom) was conquered by the Babylonians. This invasion resulted in the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and the exile of most of the Jews to Babylon (a period of history known as the "Babylonian Captivity").
Note: Basically, in 586 B.C., Israel no longer had territorial rights to Palestine. By Roman times, Jews were even forbidden to enter Palestine.
From 586 BC to 70 AD, with the exception of a brief period of 80 years of independence, Israel experienced a series of reigns, including Babylonian, Medo-Persian, Greek, and Roman rule.
After 60 B.C., the state was weakened by internal turmoil, and Rome gained more and more control over it. The Kingdom of Judah gradually became a Roman colony and transformed into a Roman province of Judea.
The rising Jewish resistance reached its peak in 135 AD, but was eventually brutally suppressed by the Roman Empire. In retaliation, Rome ordered the expulsion of all Jews and changed the geographical name, renaming the province of Judea to "Palestine" and Jerusalem to Elia Capitoline (the city of the sun god).
In addition, Jews were forbidden to enter the city. As a result of these measures, the Jews were deprived of their homeland, reduced to slavery, and forced to disperse throughout the world.
Jews during the Roman Empire.
Note: During the Roman period, Arabs lived in Palestine for generations. During this period, the famous "Crusades" took place.
As the Roman Empire weakened from east to west, Islam rose in the 7th century AD, establishing the Arab Empire spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa, ending the rule of the Roman Empire and incorporating Palestine into its territory.
Over the next millennium, the local population gradually became Arabized, and Palestinian Arabs continued to thrive on the land.
In 705 AD, the Al-Aqsa Mosque was built on the site of the former Jewish Temple. At the same time, in the first century A.D., Jews who believed in Jesus as the Messiah founded the religion. But with the conquest of Jerusalem, the center of the church gradually shifted to Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire, hence the name "Roman Catholicism" or Catholicism.
In the Middle Ages, Catholicism became the dominant religion in Europe, and the Pope launched fourteen large and small crusades to regain the Holy Land. The Arabs resolutely resisted and fought fiercely against the Crusaders for centuries, eventually achieving victory.
Large ** (1941-1945).
Note: This history is too familiar to everyone, so let's skip it.
During World War II, about six million Jews were subjected to Nazi Germany**, one of the most famous atrocities of the war.
Modern history. Jews in the diaspora throughout Europe have been subjected to discrimination and ** for more than two thousand years. In addition, six million Jews were killed in the German Nazi Great**. These painful historical experiences prompted some Jews to begin preaching Zionism.
They believed that only by returning to the land where their ancestors lived and establishing their own state could they change the fate of the Jews. However, Palestine is not empty, it is inhabited by Arabs who have lived for more than 1,200 years.
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and Britain took over Palestine. In order to consolidate their colonial rule in the Middle East, the British decided to use Jews to weaken Arab nationalist movements.
As a result, they issued the famous Balfour Declaration, which recognized and supported the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine, which led to a massive influx of Jews from all over the world into Palestine.
After the end of World War II, Britain gradually weakened and retreated from various places, leaving behind a thorny problem that has not yet been resolved: the question of Palestine.
In 1947, the United Nations, led by the United States, adopted a resolution on the partition of Palestine (UN Resolution 181), which clearly demarcated the border between the two countries. According to this resolution, the Jews made up 1 3 of the country's population, but received 57% of the coastal land, which was fertile and had abundant freshwater resources. The Arabs, who make up 2 3 of the total population, received only 43% of the land, most of which was hilly and barren. In addition, the holy city of Jerusalem was designated as an independent entity and administered by the United Nations.
At that time, the representatives of the six Arab League members collectively withdrew from the UN General Assembly as a sign of ** and refused to recognize the resolution on the partition of Palestine. This resolution became one of the root causes of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, triggering decades of tension and conflict.
On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its statehood, but this decision was strongly opposed by Arab countries. The Arab countries advocated the defense of Jerusalem through jihad, which they considered to be Arab territory and the third holiest city in Islam. This position has led to five wars in the Middle East, two armed Palestinian intifadas and numerous terrorist attacks.
Conclusion: As can be seen from the article, most of Israel's territorial claims to Palestine (often referred to as "since time immemorial") come from the Bible. In fact, in 586 B.C., Israel ceased to have Palestinian territorial rights. By Roman times, Jews were even forbidden to enter Palestine.
The Jews should be grateful to the Palestinians, who took them in at their lowest point and gave them a piece of land to settle on.
I really don't want to say anything more, I just want world peace.