Zhao Zongfu
0.8 Mencius said Wan Zhang: "The good man of a township, the good man of a township;The good man of a country, the good man of a country;The good man of the world, the good man of the world. It is not enough to be friends with the good people of the world, and it is still about the ancients. Praise his poems, read his books, I don't know who he is, but what about it?It's about the world. It's Shang Yuya. ”
Solution:Mencius said to Wan Zhang: "The outstanding people in a township make friends with the outstanding people in this township;The best people in a country, make friends with the best people in that country;The outstanding people in the world should make friends with the outstanding people in the world. Thinking that it was not enough to make friends with the world's outstanding figures, he pursued the ancient characters upwards. Is it okay to recite their poems and read their books without knowing who they are?So to discuss the era in which they lived. It's about making friends with great people from antiquity. ”
Confucianism attaches great importance to the relationship between friends, and regards the relationship of friends as an important part of the relationship in addition to the monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, and brothers. Friends are equal, and the purpose of making friends is to "help others with friends". Therefore, Confucius said: "Those who benefit have three friends, and those who lose have three friends." Friendship is straightforward, friendly and forgiving, and friends are more informed, and it is beneficial;Friendliness, friendliness, friendliness, and damage. He made a detailed analysis of harmful friends and beneficial friends, emphasizing that "friends come from afar, and they are happy", and the expectations for beneficial friends are overflowing, hoping that in virtue and knowledge, "no friends are inferior to themselves", and each friend has his own place worth learning. Mencius further supplemented Confucius's concept of making friends. He believes that if you want to make friends with others, you must first have a self-reflection and self-knowledge, and if someone is there, it is not something you can make friends if you want to. If you want to make friends with the outstanding people in the township, you must first be able to become the outstanding person in the township;If you want to make friends with the best people in a country, you must first become a good person in a country;If you want to make friends with the best people in the world, you must first be able to become the best people in the world. Further, Mencius said that if you want to make friends with outstanding people in ancient times, you must know more about this ancient person, not only to recite the poems and essays left by this person, but also to understand the era in which this person lived, and to grasp this specific person in a specific historical environment. In this way, it is also difficult to make friends with the ancients. The ancients are there, it's not that you say that you become his friend. Some people claim to be friends with Su Dongpo, but they have not read Su Dongpo's poems and essays, nor do they understand Dongpo's life course and the changes of the times in which he lives. In short, it is actually difficult to make good, high-level friends, it depends on both the person and yourself. Therefore, Mr. Lu Xun passed through so many people on the bustling Shanghai Beach back then, but in the end he only gave such a sentence to Qu Qiubai: "It is enough to have a confidant in life, and the world should treat it with the same heart." ”
10.9 Qi Xuan Wang asked Qing. Mencius said: "Wang He Qing's question is also?".The king said, "Qing is different?"He said, "It's different." There are nobles and relatives, and there are people with different surnames. The king said, "Please ask your relatives." He said: "If you have a big mistake, you will admonish, and if you repeatedly do not listen, you will be transposed." Wang suddenly changed color. He said: "The king is not different. The king asked the ministers, but the ministers did not dare not take it seriously. "Wang Seding, and then ask the secretary with a different surname. He said: "If you have a mistake, you will admonish, and if you do not listen to it repeatedly, you will go." ”
Solution:King Xuan of Qi asked Mencius questions about the ministers. Mencius said, "What kind of ministers is the king asking?"King Qi Xuan said: "Is there any difference between the ministers and the ministers?"Mencius said, "There is a difference. There is a kind of secretary of the same royal family, and there is a kind of secretary of the same clan who is not the same royal family. King Qi Xuan said, "May I ask the ministers of the same clan of the royal family." Mencius replied, "If the king has made a great mistake, they will admonish, and if he does not listen to the king, they will abolish the king and appoint someone else." King Qi Xuan's face suddenly changed after hearing this. Mencius said, "Don't be surprised, great king. When the king asked me, I did not dare to answer dishonestly. King Qi Xuan's face returned to normal, and then he asked the ministers who were not from the same royal family. Mencius replied, "If the king is at fault, he must admonish, and if he does not listen to the repeated advice, he must resign and leave." ”
Mencius first defined the duties of the ministers, and when the king is at fault, the person in this position has the obligation to advise, and if the king still does not listen to the repeated advice, the person in this position must have a clear attitude. If it is a minister of the same royal family, he must find a way to abolish the monarch and appoint someone else;If it is not a minister of the same royal family, he will resign and leave. Secondly, Mencius said that the minister was also talking about the monarch, and he did not have the so-called foolish loyalty to the monarch. He believes that the monarch is not destined by heaven, but can be replaced, and if the monarch does not do well, the ministers of the same clan can collectively abolish him and appoint a new one;Non-clan ministers should also be respectful and disrespectful, and should show their attitude to the monarch in a non-cooperative manner. Therefore, Mencius deepened Confucius's idea of "kings, kings, ministers, and ministers", put forward clearer requirements for monarchs and ministers, and had the spirit of Confucian intellectuals "aspiring to the Tao and according to virtue", no wonder some of the best kings in later generations did not like Mencius.